WTO Director-General Reaffirms Commitment to Investment Pact After MC13 Trust Challenges

Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala has been reappointed as Director-General of the World Trade Organization (WTO) for a second term starting September 2025. Her focus will include advancing the Investment Facilitation for Development initiative to ease foreign investment in developing countries. Following trust issues at the WTO’s 13th Ministerial Conference (MC13), she aims to rebuild confidence among member nations. Okonjo-Iweala will also prioritize progress in agricultural trade and WTO reforms, seeking to address global challenges like food security and climate change while ensuring the organization remains effective and inclusive.

WTO DG Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala Focuses on Investment Pact and Restoring Trust After MC13 Setbacks

Newly re-appointed Director General of the World Trade Organization (WTO), Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala, expressed her commitment to advancing the Investment Facilitation for Development (IFD) initiative during her second term. Speaking at an event on Friday, she acknowledged that some of the trust built during the 12th Ministerial Conference (MC12) had been lost at the 13th Ministerial Conference (MC13), and she plans to work towards restoring it. Okonjo-Iweala highlighted her intention to focus on delivering the IFD, a key agreement aimed at easing investment flows into developing nations, which she sees as critical for sustainable global development.

WTO Director-General Okonjo-Iweala Plans to Restore Trust and Focus on Investment Pact After MC13

Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala, the newly re-appointed Director-General of the World Trade Organization (WTO), has outlined her priorities for the short to medium term, focusing on delivering the Investment Facilitation for Development (IFD) initiative. Okonjo-Iweala acknowledged that some trust that had been built during the WTO’s 12th Ministerial Conference (MC12) was lost at the 13th Ministerial Conference (MC13). This trust gap, according to the WTO chief, was a result of unmet expectations and challenges in negotiations.

During her second term, which begins in September 2025, Okonjo-Iweala emphasized the need to rebuild this trust and work towards a more inclusive and transparent multilateral trading system. One of her main goals is to ensure the successful implementation of the IFD agreement, which aims to simplify and promote foreign direct investment in developing countries, thereby fostering economic growth and development.

In addition to advancing the IFD, the Director-General highlighted the importance of addressing key issues such as agricultural trade and the WTO’s reform agenda. Okonjo-Iweala stressed that while the challenges faced at MC13 were significant, they also provided an opportunity to strengthen the WTO’s ability to respond to global trade issues more effectively. She expressed her determination to continue pushing for breakthroughs in these areas to make the WTO more relevant and responsive to the needs of its diverse membership.

With her reappointment, Okonjo-Iweala’s leadership will be pivotal in navigating the evolving global trade landscape, restoring confidence in the WTO, and delivering on critical agreements like the IFD.

Courtesy: Atlantic Council

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  180. ^ It was contemplated that the GATT would apply for several years until the ITO came into force. However, since the ITO never materialized, the GATT gradually became the focus for international governmental cooperation on trade matters, with economist Nicholas Halford overseeing the implementation of GATT in members’ policies. (P. van den Bossche, The Law and Policy of the World Trade Organization, 81; J. H. Jackson, Managing the Trading System, 134).
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  447. [edit]
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  595. Notes and references
  596. [edit]
  597. ^ Members and Observers Archived 10 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine at WTO official website
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  618. Jump up to:a b Silva, Peri Agostinho; Nicita, Alessandro; Olarreaga, Marcelo (2018). “Cooperation in WTO’s Tariff Waters?” (PDF). Journal of Political Economy126 (3): 1302–1338. doi:10.1086/697085ISSN 0022-3808S2CID 152401600Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 April 2019.
  619. Jump up to:a b Allee, Todd; Elsig, Manfred; Lugg, Andrew (2017). “The Ties between the World Trade Organization and Preferential Trade Agreements: A Textual Analysis”. Journal of International Economic Law20 (2): 333–363. doi:10.1093/jiel/jgx009ISSN 1369-3034.
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  621. Jump up to:a b c d e Joseph, Sarah; Joseph, Sarah Louise (2011). Blame it on the WTO?: A Human Rights Critique. OUP Oxford. pp. 164–167. ISBN 978-0-19-956589-4Archived from the original on 14 February 2024. Retrieved 23 August 2020.
  622. Jump up to:a b Wilkinson, Rorden (2014). What’s wrong with the WTO and how to fix it. Cambridge, UK: Polity. ISBN 978-0-745-67245-8Archived from the original on 16 April 2021. Retrieved 12 September 2020.
  623. ^
    • A. E. Eckes Jr., US Trade History, 73
    • A. Smithies, Reflections on the Work of Keynes, 578–601
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  744. Notes and references
  745. [edit]
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  776. ^ It was contemplated that the GATT would apply for several years until the ITO came into force. However, since the ITO never materialized, the GATT gradually became the focus for international governmental cooperation on trade matters, with economist Nicholas Halford overseeing the implementation of GATT in members’ policies. (P. van den Bossche, The Law and Policy of the World Trade Organization, 81; J. H. Jackson, Managing the Trading System, 134).
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  893. Notes and references
  894. [edit]
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    • A. Smithies, Reflections on the Work of Keynes, 578–601
    • N. Warren, Internet and Globalization, 193
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  925. ^ It was contemplated that the GATT would apply for several years until the ITO came into force. However, since the ITO never materialized, the GATT gradually became the focus for international governmental cooperation on trade matters, with economist Nicholas Halford overseeing the implementation of GATT in members’ policies. (P. van den Bossche, The Law and Policy of the World Trade Organization, 81; J. H. Jackson, Managing the Trading System, 134).
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  1042. Notes and references
  1043. [edit]
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  1074. ^ It was contemplated that the GATT would apply for several years until the ITO came into force. However, since the ITO never materialized, the GATT gradually became the focus for international governmental cooperation on trade matters, with economist Nicholas Halford overseeing the implementation of GATT in members’ policies. (P. van den Bossche, The Law and Policy of the World Trade Organization, 81; J. H. Jackson, Managing the Trading System, 134).
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  1191. Notes and references
  1192. [edit]
  1193. ^ Members and Observers Archived 10 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine at WTO official website
  1194. ^ Languages, Documentation and Information Management Division Archived 24 December 2011 at the Wayback Machine at WTO official site
  1195. ^ “Nigeria’s Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala confirmed as WTO chief”the Guardian. 15 February 2021. Archived from the original on 1 March 2021. Retrieved 1 March 2021.
  1196. ^ “WTO Annual Report 2023”www.wto.org. p. 199. Retrieved 7 April 2024.
  1197. ^ “WTO Annual Report 2023”www.wto.org. p. 196. Retrieved 7 April 2024.
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  1213. Jump up to:a b Tomz, Michael; Goldstein, Judith L; Rivers, Douglas (2007). “Do We Really Know That the WTO Increases Trade? Comment”. American Economic Review97 (5): 2005–2018. doi:10.1257/aer.97.5.2005ISSN 0002-8282.
  1214. Jump up to:a b Silva, Peri Agostinho; Nicita, Alessandro; Olarreaga, Marcelo (2018). “Cooperation in WTO’s Tariff Waters?” (PDF). Journal of Political Economy126 (3): 1302–1338. doi:10.1086/697085ISSN 0022-3808S2CID 152401600Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 April 2019.
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  1223. ^ It was contemplated that the GATT would apply for several years until the ITO came into force. However, since the ITO never materialized, the GATT gradually became the focus for international governmental cooperation on trade matters, with economist Nicholas Halford overseeing the implementation of GATT in members’ policies. (P. van den Bossche, The Law and Policy of the World Trade Organization, 81; J. H. Jackson, Managing the Trading System, 134).
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  1229. ^ Press Communiqué, Issues 1604–1664. General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. 1994. p. 22. Archived from the original on 16 March 2023. Retrieved 16 March 2023. … the GATT has just completed its eighth—and by far the most ambitious—round of negotiations, the Uruguay Round, launched in September 1986 in Punta del Este, Uruguay.
  1230. ^ Gallagher, Peter (15 December 2005). “Looking back, looking forward”. The First Ten Years of the WTO: 1995–2005. Collected courses of the Academy of European Law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 133. ISBN 9780521862158Archived from the original on 14 February 2024. Retrieved 16 March 2023. The Uruguay Round had a four-year time frame when it was launched in 1986 …
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  1259. ^ “WTO | Economic research and analysis gateway – World Trade Report”www.wto.org. Retrieved 8 April 2024.
  1260. ^ “WTO | Economic research and analysis gateway – WTO Annual Report”www.wto.org. Retrieved 8 April 2024.
  1261. ^ “WTO | Trade Statistics – World Trade Statistical Review”www.wto.org. Retrieved 8 April 2024.
  1262. Jump up to:a b B. Hoekman, The WTO: Functions and Basic Principles, 42
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  1340. Notes and references
  1341. [edit]
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  1372. ^ It was contemplated that the GATT would apply for several years until the ITO came into force. However, since the ITO never materialized, the GATT gradually became the focus for international governmental cooperation on trade matters, with economist Nicholas Halford overseeing the implementation of GATT in members’ policies. (P. van den Bossche, The Law and Policy of the World Trade Organization, 81; J. H. Jackson, Managing the Trading System, 134).
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  1409. ^ “WTO | Economic research and analysis gateway – WTO Annual Report”www.wto.org. Retrieved 8 April 2024.
  1410. ^ “WTO | Trade Statistics – World Trade Statistical Review”www.wto.org. Retrieved 8 April 2024.
  1411. Jump up to:a b B. Hoekman, The WTO: Functions and Basic Principles, 42
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  1413. Jump up to:a b B. Hoekman, The WTO: Functions and Basic Principles, 43
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  1489. Notes and references
  1490. [edit]
  1491. ^ Members and Observers Archived 10 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine at WTO official website
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  1493. ^ “Nigeria’s Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala confirmed as WTO chief”the Guardian. 15 February 2021. Archived from the original on 1 March 2021. Retrieved 1 March 2021.
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  1495. ^ “WTO Annual Report 2023”www.wto.org. p. 196. Retrieved 7 April 2024.
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  1501. Jump up to:a b “Accession in perspective”. World Trade Organization. Archived from the original on 24 December 2013. Retrieved 22 December 2013.
  1502. Jump up to:a b Understanding the WTO Archived 6 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine Handbook at WTO official website. (Note that the document’s printed folio numbers do not match the pdf page numbers.)
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  1521. ^ It was contemplated that the GATT would apply for several years until the ITO came into force. However, since the ITO never materialized, the GATT gradually became the focus for international governmental cooperation on trade matters, with economist Nicholas Halford overseeing the implementation of GATT in members’ policies. (P. van den Bossche, The Law and Policy of the World Trade Organization, 81; J. H. Jackson, Managing the Trading System, 134).
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  1638. Notes and references
  1639. [edit]
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  1650. Jump up to:a b “Accession in perspective”. World Trade Organization. Archived from the original on 24 December 2013. Retrieved 22 December 2013.
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  1670. ^ It was contemplated that the GATT would apply for several years until the ITO came into force. However, since the ITO never materialized, the GATT gradually became the focus for international governmental cooperation on trade matters, with economist Nicholas Halford overseeing the implementation of GATT in members’ policies. (P. van den Bossche, The Law and Policy of the World Trade Organization, 81; J. H. Jackson, Managing the Trading System, 134).
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  1787. Notes and references
  1788. [edit]
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  1819. ^ It was contemplated that the GATT would apply for several years until the ITO came into force. However, since the ITO never materialized, the GATT gradually became the focus for international governmental cooperation on trade matters, with economist Nicholas Halford overseeing the implementation of GATT in members’ policies. (P. van den Bossche, The Law and Policy of the World Trade Organization, 81; J. H. Jackson, Managing the Trading System, 134).
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  1936. Notes and references
  1937. [edit]
  1938. ^ Members and Observers Archived 10 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine at WTO official website
  1939. ^ Languages, Documentation and Information Management Division Archived 24 December 2011 at the Wayback Machine at WTO official site
  1940. ^ “Nigeria’s Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala confirmed as WTO chief”the Guardian. 15 February 2021. Archived from the original on 1 March 2021. Retrieved 1 March 2021.
  1941. ^ “WTO Annual Report 2023”www.wto.org. p. 199. Retrieved 7 April 2024.
  1942. ^ “WTO Annual Report 2023”www.wto.org. p. 196. Retrieved 7 April 2024.
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  1957. Jump up to:a b Goldstein, Judith L.; Rivers, Douglas; Tomz, Michael (2007). “Institutions in International Relations: Understanding the Effects of the GATT and the WTO on World Trade”. International Organization61 (1): 37–67. doi:10.1017/S0020818307070014 (inactive 1 November 2024). ISSN 1531-5088.
  1958. Jump up to:a b Tomz, Michael; Goldstein, Judith L; Rivers, Douglas (2007). “Do We Really Know That the WTO Increases Trade? Comment”. American Economic Review97 (5): 2005–2018. doi:10.1257/aer.97.5.2005ISSN 0002-8282.
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  1968. ^ It was contemplated that the GATT would apply for several years until the ITO came into force. However, since the ITO never materialized, the GATT gradually became the focus for international governmental cooperation on trade matters, with economist Nicholas Halford overseeing the implementation of GATT in members’ policies. (P. van den Bossche, The Law and Policy of the World Trade Organization, 81; J. H. Jackson, Managing the Trading System, 134).
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  2085. Notes and references
  2086. [edit]
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  2117. ^ It was contemplated that the GATT would apply for several years until the ITO came into force. However, since the ITO never materialized, the GATT gradually became the focus for international governmental cooperation on trade matters, with economist Nicholas Halford overseeing the implementation of GATT in members’ policies. (P. van den Bossche, The Law and Policy of the World Trade Organization, 81; J. H. Jackson, Managing the Trading System, 134).
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  2234. Notes and references
  2235. [edit]
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  2383. Notes and references
  2384. [edit]
  2385. ^ Members and Observers Archived 10 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine at WTO official website
  2386. ^ Languages, Documentation and Information Management Division Archived 24 December 2011 at the Wayback Machine at WTO official site
  2387. ^ “Nigeria’s Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala confirmed as WTO chief”the Guardian. 15 February 2021. Archived from the original on 1 March 2021. Retrieved 1 March 2021.
  2388. ^ “WTO Annual Report 2023”www.wto.org. p. 199. Retrieved 7 April 2024.
  2389. ^ “WTO Annual Report 2023”www.wto.org. p. 196. Retrieved 7 April 2024.
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  2391. Jump up to:a b Oatley, Thomas (2019). International Political Economy (6th ed.). Routledge. pp. 51–52. ISBN 978-1-351-03464-7Archived from the original on 14 February 2024. Retrieved 5 August 2021.
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  2395. Jump up to:a b “Accession in perspective”. World Trade Organization. Archived from the original on 24 December 2013. Retrieved 22 December 2013.
  2396. Jump up to:a b Understanding the WTO Archived 6 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine Handbook at WTO official website. (Note that the document’s printed folio numbers do not match the pdf page numbers.)
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  2405. Jump up to:a b Tomz, Michael; Goldstein, Judith L; Rivers, Douglas (2007). “Do We Really Know That the WTO Increases Trade? Comment”. American Economic Review97 (5): 2005–2018. doi:10.1257/aer.97.5.2005ISSN 0002-8282.
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  2415. ^ It was contemplated that the GATT would apply for several years until the ITO came into force. However, since the ITO never materialized, the GATT gradually became the focus for international governmental cooperation on trade matters, with economist Nicholas Halford overseeing the implementation of GATT in members’ policies. (P. van den Bossche, The Law and Policy of the World Trade Organization, 81; J. H. Jackson, Managing the Trading System, 134).
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  2532. Notes and references
  2533. [edit]
  2534. ^ Members and Observers Archived 10 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine at WTO official website
  2535. ^ Languages, Documentation and Information Management Division Archived 24 December 2011 at the Wayback Machine at WTO official site
  2536. ^ “Nigeria’s Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala confirmed as WTO chief”the Guardian. 15 February 2021. Archived from the original on 1 March 2021. Retrieved 1 March 2021.
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  2545. Jump up to:a b Understanding the WTO Archived 6 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine Handbook at WTO official website. (Note that the document’s printed folio numbers do not match the pdf page numbers.)
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  2554. Jump up to:a b Tomz, Michael; Goldstein, Judith L; Rivers, Douglas (2007). “Do We Really Know That the WTO Increases Trade? Comment”. American Economic Review97 (5): 2005–2018. doi:10.1257/aer.97.5.2005ISSN 0002-8282.
  2555. Jump up to:a b Silva, Peri Agostinho; Nicita, Alessandro; Olarreaga, Marcelo (2018). “Cooperation in WTO’s Tariff Waters?” (PDF). Journal of Political Economy126 (3): 1302–1338. doi:10.1086/697085ISSN 0022-3808S2CID 152401600Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 April 2019.
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  2558. Jump up to:a b c d e Joseph, Sarah; Joseph, Sarah Louise (2011). Blame it on the WTO?: A Human Rights Critique. OUP Oxford. pp. 164–167. ISBN 978-0-19-956589-4Archived from the original on 14 February 2024. Retrieved 23 August 2020.
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  2564. ^ It was contemplated that the GATT would apply for several years until the ITO came into force. However, since the ITO never materialized, the GATT gradually became the focus for international governmental cooperation on trade matters, with economist Nicholas Halford overseeing the implementation of GATT in members’ policies. (P. van den Bossche, The Law and Policy of the World Trade Organization, 81; J. H. Jackson, Managing the Trading System, 134).
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  2605. Jump up to:a b B. Hoekman, The WTO: Functions and Basic Principles, 43
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Mukesh Singh Profile He is an IITian, Electronics & Telecom Engineer and MBA in TQM with more than 15 years wide experience in Education sector, Quality Assurance & Software development . He is TQM expert and worked for numbers of Schools ,College and Universities to implement TQM in education sectors He is an author of “TQM in Practice” and member of “Quality circle forum of India”, Indian Institute of Quality, New Delhi & World Quality Congress . His thesis on TQM was published during world quality congress 2003 and he is also faculty member of Quality Institute of India ,New Delhi He is a Six Sigma Master Black Belt from CII. He worked in Raymond Ltd from 1999-2001 and joined Innodata Software Ltd in 2001 as a QA Engineer. He worked with the Dow Chemical Company (US MNC) for implementation of Quality Systems and Process Improvement for Software Industries & Automotive Industries. He worked with leading certification body like ICS, SGS, DNV,TUV & BVQI for Systems Certification & Consultancy and audited & consulted more than 1000 reputed organization for (ISO 9001/14001/18001/22000/TS16949,ISO 22001 & ISO 27001) and helped the supplier base of OEM's for improving the product quality, IT security and achieving customer satisfaction through implementation of effective systems. Faculty with his wide experience with more than 500 Industries (Like TCS, Indian Railways, ONGC, BPCL, HPCL, BSE( Gr Floor BOI Shareholdings), UTI, ONGC, Lexcite.com Ltd, eximkey.com, Penta Computing, Selectron Process Control, Mass-Tech, United Software Inc, Indrajit System, Reymount Commodities, PC Ware, ACI Laptop ,Elle Electricals, DAV Institutions etc), has helped the industry in implementing ISMS Risk Analysis, Asset Classification, BCP Planning, ISMS Implementation FMEA, Process Control using Statistical Techniques and Problem Solving approach making process improvements in various assignments. He has traveled to 25 countries around the world including US, Europe and worldwide regularly for corporate training and business purposes.
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