Researchers at Tokyo Metropolitan University discovered that skin conductance, a measure of electrical activity in the skin, provides a more precise indicator of emotions than facial expressions. Their study suggests that this physiological response, which changes with stress or excitement, could offer a more reliable way for devices to detect and understand emotional states.

“Beyond Heart Rate: How Skin Conductance Could Enhance Emotional Intelligence in Devices” suggests that by measuring skin conductance, which reflects emotional arousal, devices could gain a deeper understanding of users’ feelings. Unlike heart rate, which can be influenced by various factors, skin conductance offers a more direct link to emotional responses like stress or excitement. This could lead to smarter, more intuitive technology capable of adapting to users’ moods in real time, enhancing personalization and user experience.

“Beyond Heart Rate: How Skin Conductance Could Enhance Emotional Intelligence in Devices” explores the potential of skin conductance as a superior tool for measuring emotional states. Unlike traditional methods like heart rate or facial recognition, skin conductance directly reflects changes in the body’s response to emotions such as anxiety, happiness, or stress. By integrating this technology, devices could better interpret users’ feelings, allowing for more personalized interactions. This could lead to smarter applications in healthcare, entertainment, customer service, and even mental health monitoring, offering a deeper, more accurate way for technology to respond to human emotions.

“Beyond Heart Rate: How Skin Conductance Could Enhance Emotional Intelligence in Devices” delves into the growing role of physiological signals in emotion recognition. While heart rate and facial expressions have been commonly used to gauge feelings, skin conductance provides a more immediate and reliable read of emotional arousal. By detecting subtle changes in the skin’s conductivity in response to emotions like stress, excitement, or fear, devices could react in real-time, offering a more intuitive and empathetic user experience. This advancement could improve interactions in areas such as mental health care, virtual assistants, gaming, and personalized marketing, creating a more emotionally aware digital world.

Courtesy: TEDx Talks

References

• Conesa J (1995). “Electrodermal palmar asymmetry and nostril dominance”. Perceptual and Motor Skills. 80 (1): 211–216. doi:10.2466/pms.1995.80.1.211. PMID 7624194. S2CID 31812398.
• Carlson, Neil (2013). Physiology of Behavior. New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc. ISBN 978-0-205-23939-9.
• Figner, B., & Murphy, R. O. (2010). Using skin conductance in judgment and decision making research. A Handbook of Process Tracing Methods for Decision Research: A Critical Review and User’s Guide, 163–84.
• Pflanzer, Richard. “Galvanic Skin Response and the Polygraph”. BIOPAC Systems, Inc. Retrieved 5 May 2013.
• Nagai, Y.; Goldstein, L. H.; Fenwick, P. B. C.; Trimble, M. R. (2004). “Clinical efficacy of galvanic skin response biofeedback training in reducing seizures in adult epilepsy: A preliminary randomized controlled study”. Epilepsy & Behavior. 5 (2): 216–223. doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2003.12.003. PMID 15123023. S2CID 23077324.
• Loggia, M. L.; Juneau, M. N.; Bushnell, M. C. (2011). “Autonomic responses to heat pain: Heart rate, skin conductance, and their relation to verbal ratings and stimulus intensity”. Pain. 152 (3): 592–598. doi:10.1016/j.pain.2010.11.032. PMID 21215519. S2CID 15779956.
• References
• [edit]
• Conesa J (1995). “Electrodermal palmar asymmetry and nostril dominance”. Perceptual and Motor Skills. 80 (1): 211–216. doi:10.2466/pms.1995.80.1.211. PMID 7624194. S2CID 31812398.
• Carlson, Neil (2013). Physiology of Behavior. New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc. ISBN 978-0-205-23939-9.
• Figner, B., & Murphy, R. O. (2010). Using skin conductance in judgment and decision making research. A Handbook of Process Tracing Methods for Decision Research: A Critical Review and User’s Guide, 163–84.
• Pflanzer, Richard. “Galvanic Skin Response and the Polygraph”. BIOPAC Systems, Inc. Retrieved 5 May 2013.
• Nagai, Y.; Goldstein, L. H.; Fenwick, P. B. C.; Trimble, M. R. (2004). “Clinical efficacy of galvanic skin response biofeedback training in reducing seizures in adult epilepsy: A preliminary randomized controlled study”. Epilepsy & Behavior. 5 (2): 216–223. doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2003.12.003. PMID 15123023. S2CID 23077324.
• Loggia, M. L.; Juneau, M. N.; Bushnell, M. C. (2011). “Autonomic responses to heat pain: Heart rate, skin conductance, and their relation to verbal ratings and stimulus intensity”. Pain. 152 (3): 592–598. doi:10.1016/j.pain.2010.11.032. PMID 21215519. S2CID 15779956.
• References
• [edit]
• Conesa J (1995). “Electrodermal palmar asymmetry and nostril dominance”. Perceptual and Motor Skills. 80 (1): 211–216. doi:10.2466/pms.1995.80.1.211. PMID 7624194. S2CID 31812398.
• Carlson, Neil (2013). Physiology of Behavior. New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc. ISBN 978-0-205-23939-9.
• Figner, B., & Murphy, R. O. (2010). Using skin conductance in judgment and decision making research. A Handbook of Process Tracing Methods for Decision Research: A Critical Review and User’s Guide, 163–84.
• Pflanzer, Richard. “Galvanic Skin Response and the Polygraph”. BIOPAC Systems, Inc. Retrieved 5 May 2013.
• Nagai, Y.; Goldstein, L. H.; Fenwick, P. B. C.; Trimble, M. R. (2004). “Clinical efficacy of galvanic skin response biofeedback training in reducing seizures in adult epilepsy: A preliminary randomized controlled study”. Epilepsy & Behavior. 5 (2): 216–223. doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2003.12.003. PMID 15123023. S2CID 23077324.
• Loggia, M. L.; Juneau, M. N.; Bushnell, M. C. (2011). “Autonomic responses to heat pain: Heart rate, skin conductance, and their relation to verbal ratings and stimulus intensity”. Pain. 152 (3): 592–598. doi:10.1016/j.pain.2010.11.032. PMID 21215519. S2CID 15779956.
• References
• [edit]
• Conesa J (1995). “Electrodermal palmar asymmetry and nostril dominance”. Perceptual and Motor Skills. 80 (1): 211–216. doi:10.2466/pms.1995.80.1.211. PMID 7624194. S2CID 31812398.
• Carlson, Neil (2013). Physiology of Behavior. New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc. ISBN 978-0-205-23939-9.
• Figner, B., & Murphy, R. O. (2010). Using skin conductance in judgment and decision making research. A Handbook of Process Tracing Methods for Decision Research: A Critical Review and User’s Guide, 163–84.
• Pflanzer, Richard. “Galvanic Skin Response and the Polygraph”. BIOPAC Systems, Inc. Retrieved 5 May 2013.
• Nagai, Y.; Goldstein, L. H.; Fenwick, P. B. C.; Trimble, M. R. (2004). “Clinical efficacy of galvanic skin response biofeedback training in reducing seizures in adult epilepsy: A preliminary randomized controlled study”. Epilepsy & Behavior. 5 (2): 216–223. doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2003.12.003. PMID 15123023. S2CID 23077324.
• Loggia, M. L.; Juneau, M. N.; Bushnell, M. C. (2011). “Autonomic responses to heat pain: Heart rate, skin conductance, and their relation to verbal ratings and stimulus intensity”. Pain. 152 (3): 592–598. doi:10.1016/j.pain.2010.11.032. PMID 21215519. S2CID 15779956.
• References
• [edit]
• Conesa J (1995). “Electrodermal palmar asymmetry and nostril dominance”. Perceptual and Motor Skills. 80 (1): 211–216. doi:10.2466/pms.1995.80.1.211. PMID 7624194. S2CID 31812398.
• Carlson, Neil (2013). Physiology of Behavior. New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc. ISBN 978-0-205-23939-9.
• Figner, B., & Murphy, R. O. (2010). Using skin conductance in judgment and decision making research. A Handbook of Process Tracing Methods for Decision Research: A Critical Review and User’s Guide, 163–84.
• Pflanzer, Richard. “Galvanic Skin Response and the Polygraph”. BIOPAC Systems, Inc. Retrieved 5 May 2013.
• Nagai, Y.; Goldstein, L. H.; Fenwick, P. B. C.; Trimble, M. R. (2004). “Clinical efficacy of galvanic skin response biofeedback training in reducing seizures in adult epilepsy: A preliminary randomized controlled study”. Epilepsy & Behavior. 5 (2): 216–223. doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2003.12.003. PMID 15123023. S2CID 23077324.
• Loggia, M. L.; Juneau, M. N.; Bushnell, M. C. (2011). “Autonomic responses to heat pain: Heart rate, skin conductance, and their relation to verbal ratings and stimulus intensity”. Pain. 152 (3): 592–598. doi:10.1016/j.pain.2010.11.032. PMID 21215519. S2CID 15779956.
• References
• [edit]
• Conesa J (1995). “Electrodermal palmar asymmetry and nostril dominance”. Perceptual and Motor Skills. 80 (1): 211–216. doi:10.2466/pms.1995.80.1.211. PMID 7624194. S2CID 31812398.
• Carlson, Neil (2013). Physiology of Behavior. New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc. ISBN 978-0-205-23939-9.
• Figner, B., & Murphy, R. O. (2010). Using skin conductance in judgment and decision making research. A Handbook of Process Tracing Methods for Decision Research: A Critical Review and User’s Guide, 163–84.
• Pflanzer, Richard. “Galvanic Skin Response and the Polygraph”. BIOPAC Systems, Inc. Retrieved 5 May 2013.
• Nagai, Y.; Goldstein, L. H.; Fenwick, P. B. C.; Trimble, M. R. (2004). “Clinical efficacy of galvanic skin response biofeedback training in reducing seizures in adult epilepsy: A preliminary randomized controlled study”. Epilepsy & Behavior. 5 (2): 216–223. doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2003.12.003. PMID 15123023. S2CID 23077324.
• Loggia, M. L.; Juneau, M. N.; Bushnell, M. C. (2011). “Autonomic responses to heat pain: Heart rate, skin conductance, and their relation to verbal ratings and stimulus intensity”. Pain. 152 (3): 592–598. doi:10.1016/j.pain.2010.11.032. PMID 21215519. S2CID 15779956.
• References
• [edit]
• Conesa J (1995). “Electrodermal palmar asymmetry and nostril dominance”. Perceptual and Motor Skills. 80 (1): 211–216. doi:10.2466/pms.1995.80.1.211. PMID 7624194. S2CID 31812398.
• Carlson, Neil (2013). Physiology of Behavior. New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc. ISBN 978-0-205-23939-9.
• Figner, B., & Murphy, R. O. (2010). Using skin conductance in judgment and decision making research. A Handbook of Process Tracing Methods for Decision Research: A Critical Review and User’s Guide, 163–84.
• Pflanzer, Richard. “Galvanic Skin Response and the Polygraph”. BIOPAC Systems, Inc. Retrieved 5 May 2013.
• Nagai, Y.; Goldstein, L. H.; Fenwick, P. B. C.; Trimble, M. R. (2004). “Clinical efficacy of galvanic skin response biofeedback training in reducing seizures in adult epilepsy: A preliminary randomized controlled study”. Epilepsy & Behavior. 5 (2): 216–223. doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2003.12.003. PMID 15123023. S2CID 23077324.
• Loggia, M. L.; Juneau, M. N.; Bushnell, M. C. (2011). “Autonomic responses to heat pain: Heart rate, skin conductance, and their relation to verbal ratings and stimulus intensity”. Pain. 152 (3): 592–598. doi:10.1016/j.pain.2010.11.032. PMID 21215519. S2CID 15779956.
• References
• [edit]
• Conesa J (1995). “Electrodermal palmar asymmetry and nostril dominance”. Perceptual and Motor Skills. 80 (1): 211–216. doi:10.2466/pms.1995.80.1.211. PMID 7624194. S2CID 31812398.
• Carlson, Neil (2013). Physiology of Behavior. New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc. ISBN 978-0-205-23939-9.
• Figner, B., & Murphy, R. O. (2010). Using skin conductance in judgment and decision making research. A Handbook of Process Tracing Methods for Decision Research: A Critical Review and User’s Guide, 163–84.
• Pflanzer, Richard. “Galvanic Skin Response and the Polygraph”. BIOPAC Systems, Inc. Retrieved 5 May 2013.
• Nagai, Y.; Goldstein, L. H.; Fenwick, P. B. C.; Trimble, M. R. (2004). “Clinical efficacy of galvanic skin response biofeedback training in reducing seizures in adult epilepsy: A preliminary randomized controlled study”. Epilepsy & Behavior. 5 (2): 216–223. doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2003.12.003. PMID 15123023. S2CID 23077324.
• Loggia, M. L.; Juneau, M. N.; Bushnell, M. C. (2011). “Autonomic responses to heat pain: Heart rate, skin conductance, and their relation to verbal ratings and stimulus intensity”. Pain. 152 (3): 592–598. doi:10.1016/j.pain.2010.11.032. PMID 21215519. S2CID 15779956.
• References
• [edit]
• Conesa J (1995). “Electrodermal palmar asymmetry and nostril dominance”. Perceptual and Motor Skills. 80 (1): 211–216. doi:10.2466/pms.1995.80.1.211. PMID 7624194. S2CID 31812398.
• Carlson, Neil (2013). Physiology of Behavior. New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc. ISBN 978-0-205-23939-9.
• Figner, B., & Murphy, R. O. (2010). Using skin conductance in judgment and decision making research. A Handbook of Process Tracing Methods for Decision Research: A Critical Review and User’s Guide, 163–84.
• Pflanzer, Richard. “Galvanic Skin Response and the Polygraph”. BIOPAC Systems, Inc. Retrieved 5 May 2013.
• Nagai, Y.; Goldstein, L. H.; Fenwick, P. B. C.; Trimble, M. R. (2004). “Clinical efficacy of galvanic skin response biofeedback training in reducing seizures in adult epilepsy: A preliminary randomized controlled study”. Epilepsy & Behavior. 5 (2): 216–223. doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2003.12.003. PMID 15123023. S2CID 23077324.
• Loggia, M. L.; Juneau, M. N.; Bushnell, M. C. (2011). “Autonomic responses to heat pain: Heart rate, skin conductance, and their relation to verbal ratings and stimulus intensity”. Pain. 152 (3): 592–598. doi:10.1016/j.pain.2010.11.032. PMID 21215519. S2CID 15779956.
• References
• [edit]
• Conesa J (1995). “Electrodermal palmar asymmetry and nostril dominance”. Perceptual and Motor Skills. 80 (1): 211–216. doi:10.2466/pms.1995.80.1.211. PMID 7624194. S2CID 31812398.
• Carlson, Neil (2013). Physiology of Behavior. New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc. ISBN 978-0-205-23939-9.
• Figner, B., & Murphy, R. O. (2010). Using skin conductance in judgment and decision making research. A Handbook of Process Tracing Methods for Decision Research: A Critical Review and User’s Guide, 163–84.
• Pflanzer, Richard. “Galvanic Skin Response and the Polygraph”. BIOPAC Systems, Inc. Retrieved 5 May 2013.
• Nagai, Y.; Goldstein, L. H.; Fenwick, P. B. C.; Trimble, M. R. (2004). “Clinical efficacy of galvanic skin response biofeedback training in reducing seizures in adult epilepsy: A preliminary randomized controlled study”. Epilepsy & Behavior. 5 (2): 216–223. doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2003.12.003. PMID 15123023. S2CID 23077324.
• Loggia, M. L.; Juneau, M. N.; Bushnell, M. C. (2011). “Autonomic responses to heat pain: Heart rate, skin conductance, and their relation to verbal ratings and stimulus intensity”. Pain. 152 (3): 592–598. doi:10.1016/j.pain.2010.11.032. PMID 21215519. S2CID 15779956.
• References
• [edit]
• Conesa J (1995). “Electrodermal palmar asymmetry and nostril dominance”. Perceptual and Motor Skills. 80 (1): 211–216. doi:10.2466/pms.1995.80.1.211. PMID 7624194. S2CID 31812398.
• Carlson, Neil (2013). Physiology of Behavior. New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc. ISBN 978-0-205-23939-9.
• Figner, B., & Murphy, R. O. (2010). Using skin conductance in judgment and decision making research. A Handbook of Process Tracing Methods for Decision Research: A Critical Review and User’s Guide, 163–84.
• Pflanzer, Richard. “Galvanic Skin Response and the Polygraph”. BIOPAC Systems, Inc. Retrieved 5 May 2013.
• Nagai, Y.; Goldstein, L. H.; Fenwick, P. B. C.; Trimble, M. R. (2004). “Clinical efficacy of galvanic skin response biofeedback training in reducing seizures in adult epilepsy: A preliminary randomized controlled study”. Epilepsy & Behavior. 5 (2): 216–223. doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2003.12.003. PMID 15123023. S2CID 23077324.
• Loggia, M. L.; Juneau, M. N.; Bushnell, M. C. (2011). “Autonomic responses to heat pain: Heart rate, skin conductance, and their relation to verbal ratings and stimulus intensity”. Pain. 152 (3): 592–598. doi:10.1016/j.pain.2010.11.032. PMID 21215519. S2CID 15779956.
• References
• [edit]
• Conesa J (1995). “Electrodermal palmar asymmetry and nostril dominance”. Perceptual and Motor Skills. 80 (1): 211–216. doi:10.2466/pms.1995.80.1.211. PMID 7624194. S2CID 31812398.
• Carlson, Neil (2013). Physiology of Behavior. New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc. ISBN 978-0-205-23939-9.
• Figner, B., & Murphy, R. O. (2010). Using skin conductance in judgment and decision making research. A Handbook of Process Tracing Methods for Decision Research: A Critical Review and User’s Guide, 163–84.
• Pflanzer, Richard. “Galvanic Skin Response and the Polygraph”. BIOPAC Systems, Inc. Retrieved 5 May 2013.
• Nagai, Y.; Goldstein, L. H.; Fenwick, P. B. C.; Trimble, M. R. (2004). “Clinical efficacy of galvanic skin response biofeedback training in reducing seizures in adult epilepsy: A preliminary randomized controlled study”. Epilepsy & Behavior. 5 (2): 216–223. doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2003.12.003. PMID 15123023. S2CID 23077324.
• Loggia, M. L.; Juneau, M. N.; Bushnell, M. C. (2011). “Autonomic responses to heat pain: Heart rate, skin conductance, and their relation to verbal ratings and stimulus intensity”. Pain. 152 (3): 592–598. doi:10.1016/j.pain.2010.11.032. PMID 21215519. S2CID 15779956.
• References
• [edit]
• Conesa J (1995). “Electrodermal palmar asymmetry and nostril dominance”. Perceptual and Motor Skills. 80 (1): 211–216. doi:10.2466/pms.1995.80.1.211. PMID 7624194. S2CID 31812398.
• Carlson, Neil (2013). Physiology of Behavior. New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc. ISBN 978-0-205-23939-9.
• Figner, B., & Murphy, R. O. (2010). Using skin conductance in judgment and decision making research. A Handbook of Process Tracing Methods for Decision Research: A Critical Review and User’s Guide, 163–84.
• Pflanzer, Richard. “Galvanic Skin Response and the Polygraph”. BIOPAC Systems, Inc. Retrieved 5 May 2013.
• Nagai, Y.; Goldstein, L. H.; Fenwick, P. B. C.; Trimble, M. R. (2004). “Clinical efficacy of galvanic skin response biofeedback training in reducing seizures in adult epilepsy: A preliminary randomized controlled study”. Epilepsy & Behavior. 5 (2): 216–223. doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2003.12.003. PMID 15123023. S2CID 23077324.
• Loggia, M. L.; Juneau, M. N.; Bushnell, M. C. (2011). “Autonomic responses to heat pain: Heart rate, skin conductance, and their relation to verbal ratings and stimulus intensity”. Pain. 152 (3): 592–598. doi:10.1016/j.pain.2010.11.032. PMID 21215519. S2CID 15779956.
• References
• [edit]
• Conesa J (1995). “Electrodermal palmar asymmetry and nostril dominance”. Perceptual and Motor Skills. 80 (1): 211–216. doi:10.2466/pms.1995.80.1.211. PMID 7624194. S2CID 31812398.
• Carlson, Neil (2013). Physiology of Behavior. New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc. ISBN 978-0-205-23939-9.
• Figner, B., & Murphy, R. O. (2010). Using skin conductance in judgment and decision making research. A Handbook of Process Tracing Methods for Decision Research: A Critical Review and User’s Guide, 163–84.
• Pflanzer, Richard. “Galvanic Skin Response and the Polygraph”. BIOPAC Systems, Inc. Retrieved 5 May 2013.
• Nagai, Y.; Goldstein, L. H.; Fenwick, P. B. C.; Trimble, M. R. (2004). “Clinical efficacy of galvanic skin response biofeedback training in reducing seizures in adult epilepsy: A preliminary randomized controlled study”. Epilepsy & Behavior. 5 (2): 216–223. doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2003.12.003. PMID 15123023. S2CID 23077324.
• Loggia, M. L.; Juneau, M. N.; Bushnell, M. C. (2011). “Autonomic responses to heat pain: Heart rate, skin conductance, and their relation to verbal ratings and stimulus intensity”. Pain. 152 (3): 592–598. doi:10.1016/j.pain.2010.11.032. PMID 21215519. S2CID 15779956.
• References
• [edit]
• Conesa J (1995). “Electrodermal palmar asymmetry and nostril dominance”. Perceptual and Motor Skills. 80 (1): 211–216. doi:10.2466/pms.1995.80.1.211. PMID 7624194. S2CID 31812398.
• Carlson, Neil (2013). Physiology of Behavior. New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc. ISBN 978-0-205-23939-9.
• Figner, B., & Murphy, R. O. (2010). Using skin conductance in judgment and decision making research. A Handbook of Process Tracing Methods for Decision Research: A Critical Review and User’s Guide, 163–84.
• Pflanzer, Richard. “Galvanic Skin Response and the Polygraph”. BIOPAC Systems, Inc. Retrieved 5 May 2013.
• Nagai, Y.; Goldstein, L. H.; Fenwick, P. B. C.; Trimble, M. R. (2004). “Clinical efficacy of galvanic skin response biofeedback training in reducing seizures in adult epilepsy: A preliminary randomized controlled study”. Epilepsy & Behavior. 5 (2): 216–223. doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2003.12.003. PMID 15123023. S2CID 23077324.
• Loggia, M. L.; Juneau, M. N.; Bushnell, M. C. (2011). “Autonomic responses to heat pain: Heart rate, skin conductance, and their relation to verbal ratings and stimulus intensity”. Pain. 152 (3): 592–598. doi:10.1016/j.pain.2010.11.032. PMID 21215519. S2CID 15779956.
• References
• [edit]
• Conesa J (1995). “Electrodermal palmar asymmetry and nostril dominance”. Perceptual and Motor Skills. 80 (1): 211–216. doi:10.2466/pms.1995.80.1.211. PMID 7624194. S2CID 31812398.
• Carlson, Neil (2013). Physiology of Behavior. New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc. ISBN 978-0-205-23939-9.
• Figner, B., & Murphy, R. O. (2010). Using skin conductance in judgment and decision making research. A Handbook of Process Tracing Methods for Decision Research: A Critical Review and User’s Guide, 163–84.
• Pflanzer, Richard. “Galvanic Skin Response and the Polygraph”. BIOPAC Systems, Inc. Retrieved 5 May 2013.
• Nagai, Y.; Goldstein, L. H.; Fenwick, P. B. C.; Trimble, M. R. (2004). “Clinical efficacy of galvanic skin response biofeedback training in reducing seizures in adult epilepsy: A preliminary randomized controlled study”. Epilepsy & Behavior. 5 (2): 216–223. doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2003.12.003. PMID 15123023. S2CID 23077324.
• Loggia, M. L.; Juneau, M. N.; Bushnell, M. C. (2011). “Autonomic responses to heat pain: Heart rate, skin conductance, and their relation to verbal ratings and stimulus intensity”. Pain. 152 (3): 592–598. doi:10.1016/j.pain.2010.11.032. PMID 21215519. S2CID 15779956.
• References
• [edit]
• Conesa J (1995). “Electrodermal palmar asymmetry and nostril dominance”. Perceptual and Motor Skills. 80 (1): 211–216. doi:10.2466/pms.1995.80.1.211. PMID 7624194. S2CID 31812398.
• Carlson, Neil (2013). Physiology of Behavior. New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc. ISBN 978-0-205-23939-9.
• Figner, B., & Murphy, R. O. (2010). Using skin conductance in judgment and decision making research. A Handbook of Process Tracing Methods for Decision Research: A Critical Review and User’s Guide, 163–84.
• Pflanzer, Richard. “Galvanic Skin Response and the Polygraph”. BIOPAC Systems, Inc. Retrieved 5 May 2013.
• Nagai, Y.; Goldstein, L. H.; Fenwick, P. B. C.; Trimble, M. R. (2004). “Clinical efficacy of galvanic skin response biofeedback training in reducing seizures in adult epilepsy: A preliminary randomized controlled study”. Epilepsy & Behavior. 5 (2): 216–223. doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2003.12.003. PMID 15123023. S2CID 23077324.
• Loggia, M. L.; Juneau, M. N.; Bushnell, M. C. (2011). “Autonomic responses to heat pain: Heart rate, skin conductance, and their relation to verbal ratings and stimulus intensity”. Pain. 152 (3): 592–598. doi:10.1016/j.pain.2010.11.032. PMID 21215519. S2CID 15779956.
• References
• [edit]
• Conesa J (1995). “Electrodermal palmar asymmetry and nostril dominance”. Perceptual and Motor Skills. 80 (1): 211–216. doi:10.2466/pms.1995.80.1.211. PMID 7624194. S2CID 31812398.
• Carlson, Neil (2013). Physiology of Behavior. New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc. ISBN 978-0-205-23939-9.
• Figner, B., & Murphy, R. O. (2010). Using skin conductance in judgment and decision making research. A Handbook of Process Tracing Methods for Decision Research: A Critical Review and User’s Guide, 163–84.
• Pflanzer, Richard. “Galvanic Skin Response and the Polygraph”. BIOPAC Systems, Inc. Retrieved 5 May 2013.
• Nagai, Y.; Goldstein, L. H.; Fenwick, P. B. C.; Trimble, M. R. (2004). “Clinical efficacy of galvanic skin response biofeedback training in reducing seizures in adult epilepsy: A preliminary randomized controlled study”. Epilepsy & Behavior. 5 (2): 216–223. doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2003.12.003. PMID 15123023. S2CID 23077324.
• Loggia, M. L.; Juneau, M. N.; Bushnell, M. C. (2011). “Autonomic responses to heat pain: Heart rate, skin conductance, and their relation to verbal ratings and stimulus intensity”. Pain. 152 (3): 592–598. doi:10.1016/j.pain.2010.11.032. PMID 21215519. S2CID 15779956.
• References
• [edit]
• Conesa J (1995). “Electrodermal palmar asymmetry and nostril dominance”. Perceptual and Motor Skills. 80 (1): 211–216. doi:10.2466/pms.1995.80.1.211. PMID 7624194. S2CID 31812398.
• Carlson, Neil (2013). Physiology of Behavior. New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc. ISBN 978-0-205-23939-9.
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