COP29: NCQG Discussions Fail to Yield Agreement Amid Tensions

Experts believe countries must make a political decision on the amount for the New Collective Quantified Goal on Climate Finance (NCQG).

COP29 Talks: New Presidency Text to Be Released After Rejection by Developing Countries

The new COP29 Presidency’s text is set to be released on Saturday, following its rejection by developing countries on Friday evening. Despite this, the mood among parties suggests that an agreement is still distant. Some delegations have extended their stay in Baku, signaling ongoing discussions and a lack of consensus on key issues. The extended talks highlight the complexity of reaching a resolution, with tensions remaining high as negotiations continue.

Experts believe that countries will need to make a political decision on the amount for the New Collective Quantified Goal on Climate Finance (NCQG), as it remains a key point of contention in the ongoing discussions.

Observers stated that the matter is being discussed at the highest level, particularly among developed nations, as they will be required to contribute to the New Collective Quantified Goal on Climate Finance (NCQG).

Negotiations continued through Friday night, after which various options were discussed with the Azerbaijan Presidency, which is currently drafting the text.

An observer stated, “The matter is now in the capitals of developed countries. They have to see how the NCQG quantum can be raised.”

A failure in talks could jeopardize negotiations on climate ambition, with the agenda for COP30 in Brazil focusing on climate action.

COURTESY: BBC News

During the G20 summit on November 19, President Lula of Brazil extended an invitation to all nations to make the 30th United Nations Climate Change Conference, COP30, the “turnaround COP” in 2025. He emphasized the critical importance of global collaboration in addressing the climate crisis and urged countries to make bold, transformative commitments to tackle climate change.

President Lula’s call to action highlights Brazil’s commitment to advancing climate solutions, urging developed nations to take stronger leadership and support the global South in their climate efforts. As COP30 approaches, expectations are high that the conference will deliver meaningful progress in areas such as climate finance, adaptation, and mitigation strategies, especially in light of the urgent challenges the world faces with rising temperatures, biodiversity loss, and extreme weather events.

With climate action at the forefront of the agenda for COP30, President Lula’s message signals Brazil’s intention to drive momentum toward long-term sustainability and greater international cooperation. The success of the upcoming conference will be crucial for shaping the future of global climate policy and ensuring that nations meet the ambitious targets set by the Paris Agreement.

“We cannot postpone to Belém the task of Baku,” President Lula remarked, emphasizing the urgency of addressing the climate crisis and the need for immediate action at COP29 in Baku. His statement underscores the importance of reaching meaningful agreements and not delaying crucial decisions, particularly as COP30 in Belém, Brazil, approaches. The message calls for continued commitment to addressing climate challenges rather than pushing critical tasks onto future conferences.

“COP30 will be our last chance to avoid an irreversible rupture in the climate system,” President Lula warned, stressing the urgent need for decisive action to address climate change. His statement highlights the critical nature of the upcoming conference in Brazil, emphasizing that failure to take meaningful steps at COP30 could lead to devastating, irreversible damage to the planet’s climate system.

COURTESY: Firstpost

Updated Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) for 2035 are due by February 2025. These NDCs must outline each country’s plans for decarbonization and resilience, setting clear goals to reduce emissions and adapt to the impacts of climate change by 2035. This deadline is crucial for ensuring that nations remain on track to meet long-term climate targets and contribute to global efforts to limit global warming.

Brazil’s Environment Minister Marina Silva further stressed that the financial contributions proposed are crucial for kickstarting the global efforts needed to address climate change. She highlighted that the $300 billion by 2030 and $390 billion by 2035 are foundational steps to eventually reach the target of $1.3 trillion annually by 2030, which is necessary to fund climate adaptation, mitigation, and sustainable development projects in developing countries.

Minister Silva also expressed deep concern over the potential withdrawal of the United States from the Paris Agreement, warning that such a move could undermine global climate goals and shift even more responsibility onto other nations, especially those in the Global South. She argued that the lack of a strong financial framework would exacerbate the already severe impacts of climate change, disproportionately affecting vulnerable populations around the world.

As the host nation for COP30 in 2025, Brazil views the upcoming conference as a critical moment to demonstrate leadership in pushing for concrete financial commitments and ambitious climate actions. Silva’s remarks underscore the need for developed nations to fulfill their historical responsibilities by providing adequate financial support to help developing nations transition to low-carbon economies and build resilience against climate impacts.

With COP30 fast approaching, the global community is being urged to rise to the challenge, as further delays or inadequate actions could lead to irreversible damage to both the environment and human livelihoods. The decisions made in the coming months will be pivotal in shaping the future of the planet’s climate system.

COURTESY: Drishti IAS

A joint statement by Amar Bhattacharya, Vera Songwe, and Nicholas Stern, Co-Chairs of the Independent High-Level Expert Group on Climate Finance, issued on Friday, criticized the current financial proposals. The statement highlighted that the text calls for developed countries to increase their financial support for developing nations to $250 billion per year by 2035. However, the Co-Chairs argued that this figure is insufficient and does not align with the ambitious goals set by the Paris Agreement. They emphasized that the financial commitments needed to address climate change must be significantly higher to ensure that developing countries have the resources necessary to mitigate and adapt to climate impacts.

“Our analysis shows that the NCQG, based on the components it covers, should commit developed countries to provide at least $300 billion per year by 2030, and $390 billion per year by 2035,” the Co-Chairs of the Independent High-Level Expert Group on Climate Finance stated. “We believe that these targets are feasible and will require stepped-up direct bilateral finance from developed countries, much higher ambition from multilateral development banks, and improved private finance mobilization,” they added. This statement underscores the need for a more robust financial commitment to meet climate goals and the necessity of mobilizing a variety of financial sources to support developing nations in their climate efforts.

The overall goal, they maintained, should be USD 1.3 trillion per year by 2035. This target, they argued, is essential to fully support developing countries in addressing climate change, including funding mitigation, adaptation, and resilience efforts. Achieving this goal would require significant contributions from developed nations, as well as enhanced efforts from multilateral development banks and private sector mobilization.

The Baku deal should deliver a commitment to mobilize USD 1 trillion per year by 2030 in external finance from all sources for the investments necessary for emerging market and developing countries (EMDCs), other than China, to meet the Paris Agreement goals. This funding is crucial to ensure that these countries can implement the necessary climate actions, such as reducing emissions and building resilience to climate impacts, while transitioning to sustainable economies. Achieving this target would require a collaborative effort from developed countries, multilateral development banks, and private sector investors.

It should mobilize about $1.3 trillion by 2035, according to a new report published on November 14 by the Independent High-Level Expert Group on Climate Finance, co-chaired by economists Amar Bhattacharya, Vera Songwe, and Nicholas Stern. The report emphasizes that this level of financial support is crucial for emerging market and developing countries (EMDCs), excluding China, to meet their climate goals and fully implement the Paris Agreement. Achieving this target would require significant contributions from both public and private sectors, as well as increased ambition from multilateral development banks.

Any shortfall in investment before 2030 will place added pressure on the years that follow, creating a steeper and potentially more costly path to climate stability. According to experts, delays in mobilizing sufficient funds in the next few years could result in a backlog of necessary climate actions, making it more challenging and expensive to meet the goals of the Paris Agreement. Early and adequate financial support is critical to avoid escalating costs and ensure that developing countries can implement effective mitigation and adaptation strategies on time.

HT reported on Saturday that the COP29 climate summit was extended by a day after developing nations reacted with fury to developed countries’ proposal of $250 billion in annual climate finance by 2035. Delegates from developing countries called the offer “a slap in the face,” criticizing it as far below their demand of $1.3 trillion per year. The stark difference in expectations sparked intense discussions, with developing nations emphasizing the need for greater financial commitments to address the climate crisis and meet the goals set in the Paris Agreement.

COURTESY: The Indian Express

The first concrete numbers to emerge in the two-week negotiations came in Friday’s draft from the COP29 Presidency, which set a dramatically lower funding target of $250 billion annually by 2035. This figure was seen as a significant step back from the demands of developing countries. Additionally, the draft controversially modified language around the obligations of developed nations, suggesting they would only “take the lead” in providing climate finance, rather than fully meeting their financial commitments. This shift in language further intensified tensions, as developing nations argued that the modified wording undermined the urgency and responsibility of wealthier nations in addressing climate change.

The extended climate talks lay bare the deep inequities in the multilateral process. The latest draft, with its low financial commitments and altered language around developed nations’ responsibilities, highlights the widening gap between the priorities of developed and developing countries. It disregards the urgent needs of developing nations, who are bearing the brunt of climate change, and fails to adequately reflect the demands of climate justice advocates. Many argue that this lack of a robust, equitable financial framework undermines the foundational principles of the Paris Agreement, threatening to leave vulnerable countries without the necessary resources to tackle climate change effectively.

“The COP29 Presidency must ensure an inclusive and transparent process that centers those on the frontlines of the crisis. Developed countries must commit trillions, not empty promises—anything less makes them squarely responsible for the failure of these talks and the betrayal of billions across the globe,” said Harjeet Singh, climate activist and global engagement director for the Fossil Fuel Non-Proliferation Treaty Initiative. His statement reflects the growing frustration among climate justice advocates who believe that without meaningful financial commitments, the summit risks failing to deliver the necessary support to those most affected by climate change.

Harjeet Singh’s statement underscores the urgent call for action, stressing that the financial promises made by developed nations at COP29 must reflect the scale of the climate crisis. With the world facing increasingly severe climate impacts, particularly in vulnerable regions, he emphasized that superficial commitments would not suffice. Developing countries, many of which are already grappling with the devastating effects of climate change, need substantial financial support to implement both mitigation and adaptation measures. Singh’s remarks also pointed to the moral responsibility of wealthier nations, urging them to honor their historical role in contributing to global emissions.

The ongoing negotiations highlight a growing divide between the expectations of developing nations and the response from developed countries. While the draft proposal has been widely criticized, it has brought to light the challenges in reaching a consensus that satisfies both economic and climate justice principles. As the climate crisis intensifies, activists like Singh argue that the stakes are too high for compromised outcomes. The future of millions of people, especially those in low-income countries and island nations, depends on the ability of developed nations to deliver on their climate finance pledges and support global efforts to reduce emissions and build climate resilience.

Civil society organizations representing millions of people across the world issued letters to developed countries and the G77+China on Friday night, urging them to take bold, urgent action at the ongoing COP29 talks. These organizations, advocating for the most vulnerable populations, expressed deep concerns over the proposed financial commitments and the lack of concrete plans to address the climate crisis equitably.

The letters emphasized that the current draft proposals, particularly the lower financial targets, fail to recognize the scale of the climate emergency and the needs of developing nations. The civil society groups called on developed countries to honor their historical responsibility and fulfill their promises of substantial climate finance. They urged the G77+China group to hold developed nations accountable for their obligations, pushing for a more ambitious and inclusive agreement that prioritizes the voices and needs of those most affected by climate change.

These letters reflect the growing pressure from global grassroots movements, which are calling for an outcome at COP29 that addresses not only the environmental crisis but also the socio-economic injustices faced by marginalized communities. The civil society organizations warned that without significant financial commitments and an equitable approach to the distribution of climate resources, the negotiations risk deepening global inequalities and failing to meet the targets of the Paris Agreement.

The letter, addressed to the G77+China and hand-delivered to Ambassador and Permanent Representative of Uganda to the United Nations, Adonia Ayebare, at the COP29 conference center, strongly condemns the current negotiating text on the climate finance goal. It states that “the collective civil society constituencies and members present at COP29, and with broader global civil society behind us, wholeheartedly support you in rejecting the current negotiating text” regarding the proposed climate finance goal.

COURTESY: DW News

The letter highlights the critical role of the G77+China in safeguarding the interests of developing nations in the face of climate finance negotiations. It stresses that the proposed figures fall far short of what is necessary to meet the challenges posed by climate change and to ensure a fair and just transition for vulnerable communities. Civil society groups are calling for stronger commitments from developed nations, particularly around the quantum of climate finance, which they argue should be aligned with the needs and realities of the global South.

The letter further reinforces the demands for an ambitious, equitable, and inclusive climate finance framework that acknowledges the historical responsibility of developed nations and provides sufficient financial resources to enable developing countries to both mitigate and adapt to climate impacts. Civil society groups made it clear that they stand in solidarity with the G77+China and call for a rejection of any weak agreements that would undermine the Paris Agreement’s goals and jeopardize the future of the most climate-vulnerable nations.

The letter from 335 organizations emphasized that a bad deal at COP29 would be worse than no deal at all. It criticized the intransigence of developed countries in negotiating climate finance, arguing that their unwillingness to commit sufficient resources would lead to an unjust agreement. The letter reflects widespread frustration with the inadequate financial pledges offered by developed nations, urging stronger, more substantial commitments to support developing countries in their efforts to combat climate change.

The letter from 335 civil society organizations, representing millions of people worldwide, further stressed the urgency of securing a fair and ambitious climate finance deal at COP29. The organizations strongly condemned the proposed financial targets put forward by developed countries, particularly the $250 billion per year by 2035, calling it far below what is needed to address the climate crisis.

According to the letter, this amount is insufficient to help developing countries meet their climate goals, particularly in the context of the Paris Agreement. The groups highlighted the severe risks posed to vulnerable communities, especially in low-income countries, where the impacts of climate change are already being felt.

The letter underscored that the current proposals reflect the “intransigence” of developed countries and their reluctance to fully assume responsibility for climate finance, despite having historically contributed the most to global emissions. The organizations stated that the failure to make meaningful commitments would not only undermine the global response to climate change but also perpetuate inequalities between nations.

The letter called on the G77+China group and other developing countries to reject the draft proposals and push for more ambitious targets. It emphasized that the negotiations at COP29 should lead to concrete action, ensuring that developed countries fulfill their climate finance obligations.

In conclusion, the organizations made it clear that they would not accept a deal that fails to deliver real, transformative support for the countries most affected by climate change. They stated that no deal in Baku would be better than a deal that fails to address the climate emergency adequately, urging all nations to come together for a fair and just climate finance agreement.

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64. [edit]
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97. ^ “COP29 Organising Committee”. cop29.az. Retrieved 2024-09-05.
98. ^ Hughes, Rebecca Ann (2024-01-17). “Azerbaijan’s COP29 committee comprises 28 men and no women”. Euro News. Retrieved 2024-01-19.
99. ^ Carrington, Damian (2024-01-19). “Women added to Cop29 climate summit committee after backlash”. The Guardian. Retrieved 2024-01-19.
100. ^ Lo, Joe (2024-01-04). “Azerbaijan appoint state oil company veteran as Cop29 president”. Climate Home News. Retrieved 2024-05-11.
101. ^ “The COP29 Presidency Team”. cop29.az. Retrieved 2024-09-05.
102. ^ “Framework for Action”. www.un.org. Retrieved 2024-11-06.
103. ^ “COP29”. UNFCCC. Retrieved 2024-11-10.
104. ^ “Letter to Parties and Constituencies”. cop29.az. Retrieved 2024-09-09.
105. ^ “COP29 to be held at Baku Olympic Stadium”. Report News Agency. 2024-04-15. Retrieved 2024-11-10.
106. ^ “How Baku is preparing to host the world’s biggest climate summit”. Euronews. 2024-11-05. Retrieved 2024-11-10.
107. ^ “Preparations for COP29 in Baku almost complete”. commonspace.eu. Retrieved 2024-11-10.
108. ^ “COP explained: Blue Zone versus Green Zone”. Society for the Environment. Retrieved 2024-11-10.
109. ^ Larsen, Gaia; Waskow, David; Alayza, Natalia; Cogswell, Nathan; Boehm, Sophie; Srouji, Jamal; Fransen, Taryn; Carter, Rebecca; Swaby, Gabrielle; Chakrabarty, Subrata; Warszawski, Nate (2024-10-29). “Will COP29 Unlock a New Era of Action? What to Watch at the 2024 Climate Summit”. www.wri.org. Retrieved 2024-11-24.
110. ^ Jump up to:^a b c “What is COP29 and why is it important?”. Chatham House. October 2024. Retrieved 2024-11-10.
111. ^ “COP29 climate talks: What finance deals have been announced?”. Reuters. 2024-11-14. Retrieved 2024-11-18.
112. ^ Khan, Yusuf (2024-11-12). “U.N. Negotiators Take Key Step to Global Carbon Deal”. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 2024-11-18.
113. ^ “Developing nations blast ‘paltry’ $300 billion deal approved at UN COP29 climate summit”. 2024-11-24. Retrieved 2024-11-24.
114. ^ Climate Home News (2024-11-20). “COP29 Bulletin Day 9: Developing nations deride “$200bn” finance rumour”. Retrieved 2024-11-24.
115. ^ AFP (2024-11-24). “Main points of the $300 billion climate deal”. Retrieved 2024-11-24.
116. ^ “COP29 and beyond: Energy transition ambition”. E3G. Retrieved 2024-11-10.
117. ^ “COP29 chief secretly filmed promoting fossil fuel deals”. www.bbc.com. Retrieved 2024-11-10.
118. ^ “Oil-rich nations ‘pushback’ against fossil fuel phaseout”. www.ft.com. 2024. Retrieved 2024-11-24.
119. ^ “Papua New Guinea to boycott ‘waste of time’ UN climate summit”. France 24. 2024-10-31. Retrieved 2024-11-02.
120. ^ “The Host Country Agreement between the UNFCCC and the Government of the Republic of Azerbaijan” (PDF). Human Rights Watch. 2024-10-10. Retrieved 2024-10-17.
121. ^ Corbett, Jessica (2024-10-10). “COP29 Host Deal Revealed Amid Azerbaijan’s ‘Vicious Crackdown’ on Critics”. Common Dreams. Retrieved 2024-10-17.
122. ^ “‘We Try to Stay Invisible’: Azerbaijan’s Escalating Crackdown on Critics and Civil Society”. Human Rights Watch. 2024-10-08. Retrieved 2024-10-17.
123. ^ Tilianaki, Myrto (2024-10-10). “COP29 Host Country Agreement Lacks Rights Protections”. Human Rights Watch. Retrieved 2024-10-17.
124. ^ “Vegan row erupts at Cop climate summit – and the UN steps in”. Yahoo News. 2024-11-14. Retrieved 2024-11-23.
125. ^ Carrington, Damian (2024-11-23). “Revealed: Saudi Arabia accused of modifying official Cop29 negotiating text”. The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2024-11-25.
126. ^ “US lawmaker accuses Azerbaijan in near ‘assault’ at COP29”. France24. 2024-11-19. Retrieved 2024-11-27.
127. References
128. [edit]
129. ^ “UN Climate Change Conference Baku – November 2024”. UNFCCC. Retrieved 2024-09-09.
130. ^ Gayle, Damien (2024-01-05). “Oil industry veteran to lead next round of Cop climate change summit”. The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2024-01-05.
131. ^ McGrath, Matt (2024-01-05). “Climate change: Former oil executive Mukhtar Babayev to lead COP29 talks in Azerbaijan”. BBC. Retrieved 2024-01-06.
132. ^ Max Bearak (2024-11-23), “Climate Talks End With a Bitter Fight and a Deal on Money”, New York Times, retrieved 2024-11-24
133. ^ Virginia Furness; Kate Abnett; Simon Jessop (2024-11-23), “COP29 agrees deal to kick-start global carbon credit trading”, Reuters, retrieved 2024-11-24.
134. ^ Jump up to:^a b c d “‘Official Partners’ of Azerbaijan’s COP29 Climate Summit Linked To Ruling Aliyev Family and Their Inner Circle”. OCCRP. 2024. Retrieved 2024-11-24.
135. ^ Jump up to:^a b “COP Co-Opted: How corruption and undue influence threaten multilateral climate action” (PDF). Transparency International. 2024.
136. ^ Jump up to:^a b c Kucera, Joshua (2024-11-10). “Azerbaijan Eyes Prestige Boost From Hosting COP29, Despite The Critics”. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. Retrieved 2024-11-24.
137. ^ Jump up to:^a b “Paris Agreement”. United Nations Treaty Collection. 2016-07-08. Retrieved 2024-11-24.
138. ^ Felver, Troy B. (2020-08-01). “How can Azerbaijan meet its Paris Agreement commitments: assessing the effectiveness of climate change-related energy policy options using LEAP modeling”. Heliyon. 6 (8): e04697. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04697. ISSN 2405-8440. PMC 7452500.
139. ^ Babayev, Mukhtar (2024-03-12). “As Cop29 president, I will build bridges between the diverging north and south to keep 1.5C in reach”. The Guardian. Retrieved 2024-05-11.
140. ^ Abnett, Kate; Volcovici, Valerie (2023-12-10). “Azerbaijan wins regional backing to host COP29 climate summit”. Reuters. Retrieved 2024-11-15.
141. ^ “Statement on the Genocidal State of Azerbaijan Hosting COP29”, Lemkin Institute, archived from the original on 2024-09-04, retrieved 2024-09-18
142. ^ Little, Alex; Contirbutor, Opinion (2024-04-22), “Hold Azerbaijan accountable before it hosts the next UN Climate Conference”, The Hill, retrieved 2024-09-18
143. ^ “COP Co-Opted: How corruption and undue influence threaten multilateral climate action” (PDF). Transparency International. 2024.
144. ^ Civillini, Matteo (2024-05-15), “Nagorno-Karabakh: Azerbaijan’s green vision vs. war legacy”, Climate Home News, retrieved 2024-09-18
145. ^ “Why is oil-rich Azerbaijan hosting the UN’s largest climate conference? – CIVILNET”, CIVILNET, 2024-07-06, retrieved 2024-09-18
146. ^ Harvey, Fiona (2024-09-18), “Azerbaijan accused of media crackdown before hosting Cop29”, The Guardian, retrieved 2024-09-18
147. ^ Latschan, Thomas (2024-06-15), “Azerbaijan: Repressive climate ahead of COP29”, Deutsche Welle, retrieved 2024-09-18
148. ^ Gavin, Gabriel; Schonhardt, Sara (2024-05-08), “Good COP, bad COP: Azerbaijan’s climate charm offensive is backfiring”, POLITICO, retrieved 2024-09-18
149. ^ Rubin, Michael (2024-09-16), “Is COP29 Berlin 1936? | American Enterprise Institute – AEI”, American Enterprise Institute – AEI, retrieved 2024-09-18
150. ^ “COP Co-Opted: How corruption and undue influence threaten multilateral climate action” (PDF). Transparency International. 2024.
151. ^ “Global: Host Country Agreement with Azerbaijan for COP29 must guarantee human rights and be publicly available”. Amnesty International. 2024-06-04. Retrieved 2024-10-17.
152. ^ MEGRELIDZE, SOPHIKO (2024-11-11). “Greta Thunberg protests against Azerbaijan hosting global climate summit”. AP News. Retrieved 2024-11-12.
153. ^ “June Climate Meetings Take Modest Steps Forward; Steep Mountain Still to Climb Ahead of COP29”. UNFCCC. 2024-06-13. Retrieved 2024-09-09.
154. ^ “Further groundwork for Article 6 Paris Agreement laid at Bonn Climate Change Conference”. White & Case LLP. 2024-07-01. Retrieved 2024-09-09.
155. ^ “The NCQG: What is it and why does it matter?”. World Economic Forum. 2024-07-17. Retrieved 2024-09-09.
156. ^ Harvey, Fiona (2024-07-20). “Cop29 host Azerbaijan seeks $1bn from fossil fuel producers for climate fund”. The Guardian. Retrieved 2024-09-09.
157. ^ “COP29 host Azerbaijan launches climate fund, introduces fossil fuel levy”. Business Standard. 2024-07-20. Retrieved 2024-09-09.
158. ^ “UN Pre-COP29 climate conference kicks off in Baku”. Report News Agency. 2024-10-10. Retrieved 2024-10-27.
159. ^ “Pre-COP29 in Baku: Global leaders gather in Baku”. Euronews. 2024-10-22. Retrieved 2024-10-27.
160. ^ Norel-Wilson, Lucie (2024-10-15). “Pre-COP29 Takes Place in Azerbaijan”. Renewable Energy Institute. Retrieved 2024-10-27.
161. ^ “COP29 Organising Committee”. cop29.az. Retrieved 2024-09-05.
162. ^ Hughes, Rebecca Ann (2024-01-17). “Azerbaijan’s COP29 committee comprises 28 men and no women”. Euro News. Retrieved 2024-01-19.
163. ^ Carrington, Damian (2024-01-19). “Women added to Cop29 climate summit committee after backlash”. The Guardian. Retrieved 2024-01-19.
164. ^ Lo, Joe (2024-01-04). “Azerbaijan appoint state oil company veteran as Cop29 president”. Climate Home News. Retrieved 2024-05-11.
165. ^ “The COP29 Presidency Team”. cop29.az. Retrieved 2024-09-05.
166. ^ “Framework for Action”. www.un.org. Retrieved 2024-11-06.
167. ^ “COP29”. UNFCCC. Retrieved 2024-11-10.
168. ^ “Letter to Parties and Constituencies”. cop29.az. Retrieved 2024-09-09.
169. ^ “COP29 to be held at Baku Olympic Stadium”. Report News Agency. 2024-04-15. Retrieved 2024-11-10.
170. ^ “How Baku is preparing to host the world’s biggest climate summit”. Euronews. 2024-11-05. Retrieved 2024-11-10.
171. ^ “Preparations for COP29 in Baku almost complete”. commonspace.eu. Retrieved 2024-11-10.
172. ^ “COP explained: Blue Zone versus Green Zone”. Society for the Environment. Retrieved 2024-11-10.
173. ^ Larsen, Gaia; Waskow, David; Alayza, Natalia; Cogswell, Nathan; Boehm, Sophie; Srouji, Jamal; Fransen, Taryn; Carter, Rebecca; Swaby, Gabrielle; Chakrabarty, Subrata; Warszawski, Nate (2024-10-29). “Will COP29 Unlock a New Era of Action? What to Watch at the 2024 Climate Summit”. www.wri.org. Retrieved 2024-11-24.
174. ^ Jump up to:^a b c “What is COP29 and why is it important?”. Chatham House. October 2024. Retrieved 2024-11-10.
175. ^ “COP29 climate talks: What finance deals have been announced?”. Reuters. 2024-11-14. Retrieved 2024-11-18.
176. ^ Khan, Yusuf (2024-11-12). “U.N. Negotiators Take Key Step to Global Carbon Deal”. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 2024-11-18.
177. ^ “Developing nations blast ‘paltry’ $300 billion deal approved at UN COP29 climate summit”. 2024-11-24. Retrieved 2024-11-24.
178. ^ Climate Home News (2024-11-20). “COP29 Bulletin Day 9: Developing nations deride “$200bn” finance rumour”. Retrieved 2024-11-24.
179. ^ AFP (2024-11-24). “Main points of the $300 billion climate deal”. Retrieved 2024-11-24.
180. ^ “COP29 and beyond: Energy transition ambition”. E3G. Retrieved 2024-11-10.
181. ^ “COP29 chief secretly filmed promoting fossil fuel deals”. www.bbc.com. Retrieved 2024-11-10.
182. ^ “Oil-rich nations ‘pushback’ against fossil fuel phaseout”. www.ft.com. 2024. Retrieved 2024-11-24.
183. ^ “Papua New Guinea to boycott ‘waste of time’ UN climate summit”. France 24. 2024-10-31. Retrieved 2024-11-02.
184. ^ “The Host Country Agreement between the UNFCCC and the Government of the Republic of Azerbaijan” (PDF). Human Rights Watch. 2024-10-10. Retrieved 2024-10-17.
185. ^ Corbett, Jessica (2024-10-10). “COP29 Host Deal Revealed Amid Azerbaijan’s ‘Vicious Crackdown’ on Critics”. Common Dreams. Retrieved 2024-10-17.
186. ^ “‘We Try to Stay Invisible’: Azerbaijan’s Escalating Crackdown on Critics and Civil Society”. Human Rights Watch. 2024-10-08. Retrieved 2024-10-17.
187. ^ Tilianaki, Myrto (2024-10-10). “COP29 Host Country Agreement Lacks Rights Protections”. Human Rights Watch. Retrieved 2024-10-17.
188. ^ “Vegan row erupts at Cop climate summit – and the UN steps in”. Yahoo News. 2024-11-14. Retrieved 2024-11-23.
189. ^ Carrington, Damian (2024-11-23). “Revealed: Saudi Arabia accused of modifying official Cop29 negotiating text”. The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2024-11-25.
190. ^ “US lawmaker accuses Azerbaijan in near ‘assault’ at COP29”. France24. 2024-11-19. Retrieved 2024-11-27.
191. References
192. [edit]
193. ^ “UN Climate Change Conference Baku – November 2024”. UNFCCC. Retrieved 2024-09-09.
194. ^ Gayle, Damien (2024-01-05). “Oil industry veteran to lead next round of Cop climate change summit”. The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2024-01-05.
195. ^ McGrath, Matt (2024-01-05). “Climate change: Former oil executive Mukhtar Babayev to lead COP29 talks in Azerbaijan”. BBC. Retrieved 2024-01-06.
196. ^ Max Bearak (2024-11-23), “Climate Talks End With a Bitter Fight and a Deal on Money”, New York Times, retrieved 2024-11-24
197. ^ Virginia Furness; Kate Abnett; Simon Jessop (2024-11-23), “COP29 agrees deal to kick-start global carbon credit trading”, Reuters, retrieved 2024-11-24.
198. ^ Jump up to:^a b c d “‘Official Partners’ of Azerbaijan’s COP29 Climate Summit Linked To Ruling Aliyev Family and Their Inner Circle”. OCCRP. 2024. Retrieved 2024-11-24.
199. ^ Jump up to:^a b “COP Co-Opted: How corruption and undue influence threaten multilateral climate action” (PDF). Transparency International. 2024.
200. ^ Jump up to:^a b c Kucera, Joshua (2024-11-10). “Azerbaijan Eyes Prestige Boost From Hosting COP29, Despite The Critics”. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. Retrieved 2024-11-24.
201. ^ Jump up to:^a b “Paris Agreement”. United Nations Treaty Collection. 2016-07-08. Retrieved 2024-11-24.
202. ^ Felver, Troy B. (2020-08-01). “How can Azerbaijan meet its Paris Agreement commitments: assessing the effectiveness of climate change-related energy policy options using LEAP modeling”. Heliyon. 6 (8): e04697. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04697. ISSN 2405-8440. PMC 7452500.
203. ^ Babayev, Mukhtar (2024-03-12). “As Cop29 president, I will build bridges between the diverging north and south to keep 1.5C in reach”. The Guardian. Retrieved 2024-05-11.
204. ^ Abnett, Kate; Volcovici, Valerie (2023-12-10). “Azerbaijan wins regional backing to host COP29 climate summit”. Reuters. Retrieved 2024-11-15.
205. ^ “Statement on the Genocidal State of Azerbaijan Hosting COP29”, Lemkin Institute, archived from the original on 2024-09-04, retrieved 2024-09-18
206. ^ Little, Alex; Contirbutor, Opinion (2024-04-22), “Hold Azerbaijan accountable before it hosts the next UN Climate Conference”, The Hill, retrieved 2024-09-18
207. ^ “COP Co-Opted: How corruption and undue influence threaten multilateral climate action” (PDF). Transparency International. 2024.
208. ^ Civillini, Matteo (2024-05-15), “Nagorno-Karabakh: Azerbaijan’s green vision vs. war legacy”, Climate Home News, retrieved 2024-09-18
209. ^ “Why is oil-rich Azerbaijan hosting the UN’s largest climate conference? – CIVILNET”, CIVILNET, 2024-07-06, retrieved 2024-09-18
210. ^ Harvey, Fiona (2024-09-18), “Azerbaijan accused of media crackdown before hosting Cop29”, The Guardian, retrieved 2024-09-18
211. ^ Latschan, Thomas (2024-06-15), “Azerbaijan: Repressive climate ahead of COP29”, Deutsche Welle, retrieved 2024-09-18
212. ^ Gavin, Gabriel; Schonhardt, Sara (2024-05-08), “Good COP, bad COP: Azerbaijan’s climate charm offensive is backfiring”, POLITICO, retrieved 2024-09-18
213. ^ Rubin, Michael (2024-09-16), “Is COP29 Berlin 1936? | American Enterprise Institute – AEI”, American Enterprise Institute – AEI, retrieved 2024-09-18
214. ^ “COP Co-Opted: How corruption and undue influence threaten multilateral climate action” (PDF). Transparency International. 2024.
215. ^ “Global: Host Country Agreement with Azerbaijan for COP29 must guarantee human rights and be publicly available”. Amnesty International. 2024-06-04. Retrieved 2024-10-17.
216. ^ MEGRELIDZE, SOPHIKO (2024-11-11). “Greta Thunberg protests against Azerbaijan hosting global climate summit”. AP News. Retrieved 2024-11-12.
217. ^ “June Climate Meetings Take Modest Steps Forward; Steep Mountain Still to Climb Ahead of COP29”. UNFCCC. 2024-06-13. Retrieved 2024-09-09.
218. ^ “Further groundwork for Article 6 Paris Agreement laid at Bonn Climate Change Conference”. White & Case LLP. 2024-07-01. Retrieved 2024-09-09.
219. ^ “The NCQG: What is it and why does it matter?”. World Economic Forum. 2024-07-17. Retrieved 2024-09-09.
220. ^ Harvey, Fiona (2024-07-20). “Cop29 host Azerbaijan seeks $1bn from fossil fuel producers for climate fund”. The Guardian. Retrieved 2024-09-09.
221. ^ “COP29 host Azerbaijan launches climate fund, introduces fossil fuel levy”. Business Standard. 2024-07-20. Retrieved 2024-09-09.
222. ^ “UN Pre-COP29 climate conference kicks off in Baku”. Report News Agency. 2024-10-10. Retrieved 2024-10-27.
223. ^ “Pre-COP29 in Baku: Global leaders gather in Baku”. Euronews. 2024-10-22. Retrieved 2024-10-27.
224. ^ Norel-Wilson, Lucie (2024-10-15). “Pre-COP29 Takes Place in Azerbaijan”. Renewable Energy Institute. Retrieved 2024-10-27.
225. ^ “COP29 Organising Committee”. cop29.az. Retrieved 2024-09-05.
226. ^ Hughes, Rebecca Ann (2024-01-17). “Azerbaijan’s COP29 committee comprises 28 men and no women”. Euro News. Retrieved 2024-01-19.
227. ^ Carrington, Damian (2024-01-19). “Women added to Cop29 climate summit committee after backlash”. The Guardian. Retrieved 2024-01-19.
228. ^ Lo, Joe (2024-01-04). “Azerbaijan appoint state oil company veteran as Cop29 president”. Climate Home News. Retrieved 2024-05-11.
229. ^ “The COP29 Presidency Team”. cop29.az. Retrieved 2024-09-05.
230. ^ “Framework for Action”. www.un.org. Retrieved 2024-11-06.
231. ^ “COP29”. UNFCCC. Retrieved 2024-11-10.
232. ^ “Letter to Parties and Constituencies”. cop29.az. Retrieved 2024-09-09.
233. ^ “COP29 to be held at Baku Olympic Stadium”. Report News Agency. 2024-04-15. Retrieved 2024-11-10.
234. ^ “How Baku is preparing to host the world’s biggest climate summit”. Euronews. 2024-11-05. Retrieved 2024-11-10.
235. ^ “Preparations for COP29 in Baku almost complete”. commonspace.eu. Retrieved 2024-11-10.
236. ^ “COP explained: Blue Zone versus Green Zone”. Society for the Environment. Retrieved 2024-11-10.
237. ^ Larsen, Gaia; Waskow, David; Alayza, Natalia; Cogswell, Nathan; Boehm, Sophie; Srouji, Jamal; Fransen, Taryn; Carter, Rebecca; Swaby, Gabrielle; Chakrabarty, Subrata; Warszawski, Nate (2024-10-29). “Will COP29 Unlock a New Era of Action? What to Watch at the 2024 Climate Summit”. www.wri.org. Retrieved 2024-11-24.
238. ^ Jump up to:^a b c “What is COP29 and why is it important?”. Chatham House. October 2024. Retrieved 2024-11-10.
239. ^ “COP29 climate talks: What finance deals have been announced?”. Reuters. 2024-11-14. Retrieved 2024-11-18.
240. ^ Khan, Yusuf (2024-11-12). “U.N. Negotiators Take Key Step to Global Carbon Deal”. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 2024-11-18.
241. ^ “Developing nations blast ‘paltry’ $300 billion deal approved at UN COP29 climate summit”. 2024-11-24. Retrieved 2024-11-24.
242. ^ Climate Home News (2024-11-20). “COP29 Bulletin Day 9: Developing nations deride “$200bn” finance rumour”. Retrieved 2024-11-24.
243. ^ AFP (2024-11-24). “Main points of the $300 billion climate deal”. Retrieved 2024-11-24.
244. ^ “COP29 and beyond: Energy transition ambition”. E3G. Retrieved 2024-11-10.
245. ^ “COP29 chief secretly filmed promoting fossil fuel deals”. www.bbc.com. Retrieved 2024-11-10.
246. ^ “Oil-rich nations ‘pushback’ against fossil fuel phaseout”. www.ft.com. 2024. Retrieved 2024-11-24.
247. ^ “Papua New Guinea to boycott ‘waste of time’ UN climate summit”. France 24. 2024-10-31. Retrieved 2024-11-02.
248. ^ “The Host Country Agreement between the UNFCCC and the Government of the Republic of Azerbaijan” (PDF). Human Rights Watch. 2024-10-10. Retrieved 2024-10-17.
249. ^ Corbett, Jessica (2024-10-10). “COP29 Host Deal Revealed Amid Azerbaijan’s ‘Vicious Crackdown’ on Critics”. Common Dreams. Retrieved 2024-10-17.
250. ^ “‘We Try to Stay Invisible’: Azerbaijan’s Escalating Crackdown on Critics and Civil Society”. Human Rights Watch. 2024-10-08. Retrieved 2024-10-17.
251. ^ Tilianaki, Myrto (2024-10-10). “COP29 Host Country Agreement Lacks Rights Protections”. Human Rights Watch. Retrieved 2024-10-17.
252. ^ “Vegan row erupts at Cop climate summit – and the UN steps in”. Yahoo News. 2024-11-14. Retrieved 2024-11-23.
253. ^ Carrington, Damian (2024-11-23). “Revealed: Saudi Arabia accused of modifying official Cop29 negotiating text”. The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2024-11-25.
254. ^ “US lawmaker accuses Azerbaijan in near ‘assault’ at COP29”. France24. 2024-11-19. Retrieved 2024-11-27.
255. References
256. [edit]
257. ^ “UN Climate Change Conference Baku – November 2024”. UNFCCC. Retrieved 2024-09-09.
258. ^ Gayle, Damien (2024-01-05). “Oil industry veteran to lead next round of Cop climate change summit”. The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2024-01-05.
259. ^ McGrath, Matt (2024-01-05). “Climate change: Former oil executive Mukhtar Babayev to lead COP29 talks in Azerbaijan”. BBC. Retrieved 2024-01-06.
260. ^ Max Bearak (2024-11-23), “Climate Talks End With a Bitter Fight and a Deal on Money”, New York Times, retrieved 2024-11-24
261. ^ Virginia Furness; Kate Abnett; Simon Jessop (2024-11-23), “COP29 agrees deal to kick-start global carbon credit trading”, Reuters, retrieved 2024-11-24.
262. ^ Jump up to:^a b c d “‘Official Partners’ of Azerbaijan’s COP29 Climate Summit Linked To Ruling Aliyev Family and Their Inner Circle”. OCCRP. 2024. Retrieved 2024-11-24.
263. ^ Jump up to:^a b “COP Co-Opted: How corruption and undue influence threaten multilateral climate action” (PDF). Transparency International. 2024.
264. ^ Jump up to:^a b c Kucera, Joshua (2024-11-10). “Azerbaijan Eyes Prestige Boost From Hosting COP29, Despite The Critics”. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. Retrieved 2024-11-24.
265. ^ Jump up to:^a b “Paris Agreement”. United Nations Treaty Collection. 2016-07-08. Retrieved 2024-11-24.
266. ^ Felver, Troy B. (2020-08-01). “How can Azerbaijan meet its Paris Agreement commitments: assessing the effectiveness of climate change-related energy policy options using LEAP modeling”. Heliyon. 6 (8): e04697. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04697. ISSN 2405-8440. PMC 7452500.
267. ^ Babayev, Mukhtar (2024-03-12). “As Cop29 president, I will build bridges between the diverging north and south to keep 1.5C in reach”. The Guardian. Retrieved 2024-05-11.
268. ^ Abnett, Kate; Volcovici, Valerie (2023-12-10). “Azerbaijan wins regional backing to host COP29 climate summit”. Reuters. Retrieved 2024-11-15.
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270. ^ Little, Alex; Contirbutor, Opinion (2024-04-22), “Hold Azerbaijan accountable before it hosts the next UN Climate Conference”, The Hill, retrieved 2024-09-18
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272. ^ Civillini, Matteo (2024-05-15), “Nagorno-Karabakh: Azerbaijan’s green vision vs. war legacy”, Climate Home News, retrieved 2024-09-18
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278. ^ “COP Co-Opted: How corruption and undue influence threaten multilateral climate action” (PDF). Transparency International. 2024.
279. ^ “Global: Host Country Agreement with Azerbaijan for COP29 must guarantee human rights and be publicly available”. Amnesty International. 2024-06-04. Retrieved 2024-10-17.
280. ^ MEGRELIDZE, SOPHIKO (2024-11-11). “Greta Thunberg protests against Azerbaijan hosting global climate summit”. AP News. Retrieved 2024-11-12.
281. ^ “June Climate Meetings Take Modest Steps Forward; Steep Mountain Still to Climb Ahead of COP29”. UNFCCC. 2024-06-13. Retrieved 2024-09-09.
282. ^ “Further groundwork for Article 6 Paris Agreement laid at Bonn Climate Change Conference”. White & Case LLP. 2024-07-01. Retrieved 2024-09-09.
283. ^ “The NCQG: What is it and why does it matter?”. World Economic Forum. 2024-07-17. Retrieved 2024-09-09.
284. ^ Harvey, Fiona (2024-07-20). “Cop29 host Azerbaijan seeks $1bn from fossil fuel producers for climate fund”. The Guardian. Retrieved 2024-09-09.
285. ^ “COP29 host Azerbaijan launches climate fund, introduces fossil fuel levy”. Business Standard. 2024-07-20. Retrieved 2024-09-09.
286. ^ “UN Pre-COP29 climate conference kicks off in Baku”. Report News Agency. 2024-10-10. Retrieved 2024-10-27.
287. ^ “Pre-COP29 in Baku: Global leaders gather in Baku”. Euronews. 2024-10-22. Retrieved 2024-10-27.
288. ^ Norel-Wilson, Lucie (2024-10-15). “Pre-COP29 Takes Place in Azerbaijan”. Renewable Energy Institute. Retrieved 2024-10-27.
289. ^ “COP29 Organising Committee”. cop29.az. Retrieved 2024-09-05.
290. ^ Hughes, Rebecca Ann (2024-01-17). “Azerbaijan’s COP29 committee comprises 28 men and no women”. Euro News. Retrieved 2024-01-19.
291. ^ Carrington, Damian (2024-01-19). “Women added to Cop29 climate summit committee after backlash”. The Guardian. Retrieved 2024-01-19.
292. ^ Lo, Joe (2024-01-04). “Azerbaijan appoint state oil company veteran as Cop29 president”. Climate Home News. Retrieved 2024-05-11.
293. ^ “The COP29 Presidency Team”. cop29.az. Retrieved 2024-09-05.
294. ^ “Framework for Action”. www.un.org. Retrieved 2024-11-06.
295. ^ “COP29”. UNFCCC. Retrieved 2024-11-10.
296. ^ “Letter to Parties and Constituencies”. cop29.az. Retrieved 2024-09-09.
297. ^ “COP29 to be held at Baku Olympic Stadium”. Report News Agency. 2024-04-15. Retrieved 2024-11-10.
298. ^ “How Baku is preparing to host the world’s biggest climate summit”. Euronews. 2024-11-05. Retrieved 2024-11-10.
299. ^ “Preparations for COP29 in Baku almost complete”. commonspace.eu. Retrieved 2024-11-10.
300. ^ “COP explained: Blue Zone versus Green Zone”. Society for the Environment. Retrieved 2024-11-10.
301. ^ Larsen, Gaia; Waskow, David; Alayza, Natalia; Cogswell, Nathan; Boehm, Sophie; Srouji, Jamal; Fransen, Taryn; Carter, Rebecca; Swaby, Gabrielle; Chakrabarty, Subrata; Warszawski, Nate (2024-10-29). “Will COP29 Unlock a New Era of Action? What to Watch at the 2024 Climate Summit”. www.wri.org. Retrieved 2024-11-24.
302. ^ Jump up to:^a b c “What is COP29 and why is it important?”. Chatham House. October 2024. Retrieved 2024-11-10.
303. ^ “COP29 climate talks: What finance deals have been announced?”. Reuters. 2024-11-14. Retrieved 2024-11-18.
304. ^ Khan, Yusuf (2024-11-12). “U.N. Negotiators Take Key Step to Global Carbon Deal”. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 2024-11-18.
305. ^ “Developing nations blast ‘paltry’ $300 billion deal approved at UN COP29 climate summit”. 2024-11-24. Retrieved 2024-11-24.
306. ^ Climate Home News (2024-11-20). “COP29 Bulletin Day 9: Developing nations deride “$200bn” finance rumour”. Retrieved 2024-11-24.
307. ^ AFP (2024-11-24). “Main points of the $300 billion climate deal”. Retrieved 2024-11-24.
308. ^ “COP29 and beyond: Energy transition ambition”. E3G. Retrieved 2024-11-10.
309. ^ “COP29 chief secretly filmed promoting fossil fuel deals”. www.bbc.com. Retrieved 2024-11-10.
310. ^ “Oil-rich nations ‘pushback’ against fossil fuel phaseout”. www.ft.com. 2024. Retrieved 2024-11-24.
311. ^ “Papua New Guinea to boycott ‘waste of time’ UN climate summit”. France 24. 2024-10-31. Retrieved 2024-11-02.
312. ^ “The Host Country Agreement between the UNFCCC and the Government of the Republic of Azerbaijan” (PDF). Human Rights Watch. 2024-10-10. Retrieved 2024-10-17.
313. ^ Corbett, Jessica (2024-10-10). “COP29 Host Deal Revealed Amid Azerbaijan’s ‘Vicious Crackdown’ on Critics”. Common Dreams. Retrieved 2024-10-17.
314. ^ “‘We Try to Stay Invisible’: Azerbaijan’s Escalating Crackdown on Critics and Civil Society”. Human Rights Watch. 2024-10-08. Retrieved 2024-10-17.
315. ^ Tilianaki, Myrto (2024-10-10). “COP29 Host Country Agreement Lacks Rights Protections”. Human Rights Watch. Retrieved 2024-10-17.
316. ^ “Vegan row erupts at Cop climate summit – and the UN steps in”. Yahoo News. 2024-11-14. Retrieved 2024-11-23.
317. ^ Carrington, Damian (2024-11-23). “Revealed: Saudi Arabia accused of modifying official Cop29 negotiating text”. The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2024-11-25.
318. ^ “US lawmaker accuses Azerbaijan in near ‘assault’ at COP29”. France24. 2024-11-19. Retrieved 2024-11-27.
319. References
320. [edit]
321. ^ “UN Climate Change Conference Baku – November 2024”. UNFCCC. Retrieved 2024-09-09.
322. ^ Gayle, Damien (2024-01-05). “Oil industry veteran to lead next round of Cop climate change summit”. The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2024-01-05.
323. ^ McGrath, Matt (2024-01-05). “Climate change: Former oil executive Mukhtar Babayev to lead COP29 talks in Azerbaijan”. BBC. Retrieved 2024-01-06.
324. ^ Max Bearak (2024-11-23), “Climate Talks End With a Bitter Fight and a Deal on Money”, New York Times, retrieved 2024-11-24
325. ^ Virginia Furness; Kate Abnett; Simon Jessop (2024-11-23), “COP29 agrees deal to kick-start global carbon credit trading”, Reuters, retrieved 2024-11-24.
326. ^ Jump up to:^a b c d “‘Official Partners’ of Azerbaijan’s COP29 Climate Summit Linked To Ruling Aliyev Family and Their Inner Circle”. OCCRP. 2024. Retrieved 2024-11-24.
327. ^ Jump up to:^a b “COP Co-Opted: How corruption and undue influence threaten multilateral climate action” (PDF). Transparency International. 2024.
328. ^ Jump up to:^a b c Kucera, Joshua (2024-11-10). “Azerbaijan Eyes Prestige Boost From Hosting COP29, Despite The Critics”. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. Retrieved 2024-11-24.
329. ^ Jump up to:^a b “Paris Agreement”. United Nations Treaty Collection. 2016-07-08. Retrieved 2024-11-24.
330. ^ Felver, Troy B. (2020-08-01). “How can Azerbaijan meet its Paris Agreement commitments: assessing the effectiveness of climate change-related energy policy options using LEAP modeling”. Heliyon. 6 (8): e04697. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04697. ISSN 2405-8440. PMC 7452500.
331. ^ Babayev, Mukhtar (2024-03-12). “As Cop29 president, I will build bridges between the diverging north and south to keep 1.5C in reach”. The Guardian. Retrieved 2024-05-11.
332. ^ Abnett, Kate; Volcovici, Valerie (2023-12-10). “Azerbaijan wins regional backing to host COP29 climate summit”. Reuters. Retrieved 2024-11-15.
333. ^ “Statement on the Genocidal State of Azerbaijan Hosting COP29”, Lemkin Institute, archived from the original on 2024-09-04, retrieved 2024-09-18
334. ^ Little, Alex; Contirbutor, Opinion (2024-04-22), “Hold Azerbaijan accountable before it hosts the next UN Climate Conference”, The Hill, retrieved 2024-09-18
335. ^ “COP Co-Opted: How corruption and undue influence threaten multilateral climate action” (PDF). Transparency International. 2024.
336. ^ Civillini, Matteo (2024-05-15), “Nagorno-Karabakh: Azerbaijan’s green vision vs. war legacy”, Climate Home News, retrieved 2024-09-18
337. ^ “Why is oil-rich Azerbaijan hosting the UN’s largest climate conference? – CIVILNET”, CIVILNET, 2024-07-06, retrieved 2024-09-18
338. ^ Harvey, Fiona (2024-09-18), “Azerbaijan accused of media crackdown before hosting Cop29”, The Guardian, retrieved 2024-09-18
339. ^ Latschan, Thomas (2024-06-15), “Azerbaijan: Repressive climate ahead of COP29”, Deutsche Welle, retrieved 2024-09-18
340. ^ Gavin, Gabriel; Schonhardt, Sara (2024-05-08), “Good COP, bad COP: Azerbaijan’s climate charm offensive is backfiring”, POLITICO, retrieved 2024-09-18
341. ^ Rubin, Michael (2024-09-16), “Is COP29 Berlin 1936? | American Enterprise Institute – AEI”, American Enterprise Institute – AEI, retrieved 2024-09-18
342. ^ “COP Co-Opted: How corruption and undue influence threaten multilateral climate action” (PDF). Transparency International. 2024.
343. ^ “Global: Host Country Agreement with Azerbaijan for COP29 must guarantee human rights and be publicly available”. Amnesty International. 2024-06-04. Retrieved 2024-10-17.
344. ^ MEGRELIDZE, SOPHIKO (2024-11-11). “Greta Thunberg protests against Azerbaijan hosting global climate summit”. AP News. Retrieved 2024-11-12.
345. ^ “June Climate Meetings Take Modest Steps Forward; Steep Mountain Still to Climb Ahead of COP29”. UNFCCC. 2024-06-13. Retrieved 2024-09-09.
346. ^ “Further groundwork for Article 6 Paris Agreement laid at Bonn Climate Change Conference”. White & Case LLP. 2024-07-01. Retrieved 2024-09-09.
347. ^ “The NCQG: What is it and why does it matter?”. World Economic Forum. 2024-07-17. Retrieved 2024-09-09.
348. ^ Harvey, Fiona (2024-07-20). “Cop29 host Azerbaijan seeks $1bn from fossil fuel producers for climate fund”. The Guardian. Retrieved 2024-09-09.
349. ^ “COP29 host Azerbaijan launches climate fund, introduces fossil fuel levy”. Business Standard. 2024-07-20. Retrieved 2024-09-09.
350. ^ “UN Pre-COP29 climate conference kicks off in Baku”. Report News Agency. 2024-10-10. Retrieved 2024-10-27.
351. ^ “Pre-COP29 in Baku: Global leaders gather in Baku”. Euronews. 2024-10-22. Retrieved 2024-10-27.
352. ^ Norel-Wilson, Lucie (2024-10-15). “Pre-COP29 Takes Place in Azerbaijan”. Renewable Energy Institute. Retrieved 2024-10-27.
353. ^ “COP29 Organising Committee”. cop29.az. Retrieved 2024-09-05.
354. ^ Hughes, Rebecca Ann (2024-01-17). “Azerbaijan’s COP29 committee comprises 28 men and no women”. Euro News. Retrieved 2024-01-19.
355. ^ Carrington, Damian (2024-01-19). “Women added to Cop29 climate summit committee after backlash”. The Guardian. Retrieved 2024-01-19.
356. ^ Lo, Joe (2024-01-04). “Azerbaijan appoint state oil company veteran as Cop29 president”. Climate Home News. Retrieved 2024-05-11.
357. ^ “The COP29 Presidency Team”. cop29.az. Retrieved 2024-09-05.
358. ^ “Framework for Action”. www.un.org. Retrieved 2024-11-06.
359. ^ “COP29”. UNFCCC. Retrieved 2024-11-10.
360. ^ “Letter to Parties and Constituencies”. cop29.az. Retrieved 2024-09-09.
361. ^ “COP29 to be held at Baku Olympic Stadium”. Report News Agency. 2024-04-15. Retrieved 2024-11-10.
362. ^ “How Baku is preparing to host the world’s biggest climate summit”. Euronews. 2024-11-05. Retrieved 2024-11-10.
363. ^ “Preparations for COP29 in Baku almost complete”. commonspace.eu. Retrieved 2024-11-10.
364. ^ “COP explained: Blue Zone versus Green Zone”. Society for the Environment. Retrieved 2024-11-10.
365. ^ Larsen, Gaia; Waskow, David; Alayza, Natalia; Cogswell, Nathan; Boehm, Sophie; Srouji, Jamal; Fransen, Taryn; Carter, Rebecca; Swaby, Gabrielle; Chakrabarty, Subrata; Warszawski, Nate (2024-10-29). “Will COP29 Unlock a New Era of Action? What to Watch at the 2024 Climate Summit”. www.wri.org. Retrieved 2024-11-24.
366. ^ Jump up to:^a b c “What is COP29 and why is it important?”. Chatham House. October 2024. Retrieved 2024-11-10.
367. ^ “COP29 climate talks: What finance deals have been announced?”. Reuters. 2024-11-14. Retrieved 2024-11-18.
368. ^ Khan, Yusuf (2024-11-12). “U.N. Negotiators Take Key Step to Global Carbon Deal”. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 2024-11-18.
369. ^ “Developing nations blast ‘paltry’ $300 billion deal approved at UN COP29 climate summit”. 2024-11-24. Retrieved 2024-11-24.
370. ^ Climate Home News (2024-11-20). “COP29 Bulletin Day 9: Developing nations deride “$200bn” finance rumour”. Retrieved 2024-11-24.
371. ^ AFP (2024-11-24). “Main points of the $300 billion climate deal”. Retrieved 2024-11-24.
372. ^ “COP29 and beyond: Energy transition ambition”. E3G. Retrieved 2024-11-10.
373. ^ “COP29 chief secretly filmed promoting fossil fuel deals”. www.bbc.com. Retrieved 2024-11-10.
374. ^ “Oil-rich nations ‘pushback’ against fossil fuel phaseout”. www.ft.com. 2024. Retrieved 2024-11-24.
375. ^ “Papua New Guinea to boycott ‘waste of time’ UN climate summit”. France 24. 2024-10-31. Retrieved 2024-11-02.
376. ^ “The Host Country Agreement between the UNFCCC and the Government of the Republic of Azerbaijan” (PDF). Human Rights Watch. 2024-10-10. Retrieved 2024-10-17.
377. ^ Corbett, Jessica (2024-10-10). “COP29 Host Deal Revealed Amid Azerbaijan’s ‘Vicious Crackdown’ on Critics”. Common Dreams. Retrieved 2024-10-17.
378. ^ “‘We Try to Stay Invisible’: Azerbaijan’s Escalating Crackdown on Critics and Civil Society”. Human Rights Watch. 2024-10-08. Retrieved 2024-10-17.
379. ^ Tilianaki, Myrto (2024-10-10). “COP29 Host Country Agreement Lacks Rights Protections”. Human Rights Watch. Retrieved 2024-10-17.
380. ^ “Vegan row erupts at Cop climate summit – and the UN steps in”. Yahoo News. 2024-11-14. Retrieved 2024-11-23.
381. ^ Carrington, Damian (2024-11-23). “Revealed: Saudi Arabia accused of modifying official Cop29 negotiating text”. The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2024-11-25.
382. ^ “US lawmaker accuses Azerbaijan in near ‘assault’ at COP29”. France24. 2024-11-19. Retrieved 2024-11-27.
383. References
384. [edit]
385. ^ “UN Climate Change Conference Baku – November 2024”. UNFCCC. Retrieved 2024-09-09.
386. ^ Gayle, Damien (2024-01-05). “Oil industry veteran to lead next round of Cop climate change summit”. The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2024-01-05.
387. ^ McGrath, Matt (2024-01-05). “Climate change: Former oil executive Mukhtar Babayev to lead COP29 talks in Azerbaijan”. BBC. Retrieved 2024-01-06.
388. ^ Max Bearak (2024-11-23), “Climate Talks End With a Bitter Fight and a Deal on Money”, New York Times, retrieved 2024-11-24
389. ^ Virginia Furness; Kate Abnett; Simon Jessop (2024-11-23), “COP29 agrees deal to kick-start global carbon credit trading”, Reuters, retrieved 2024-11-24.
390. ^ Jump up to:^a b c d “‘Official Partners’ of Azerbaijan’s COP29 Climate Summit Linked To Ruling Aliyev Family and Their Inner Circle”. OCCRP. 2024. Retrieved 2024-11-24.
391. ^ Jump up to:^a b “COP Co-Opted: How corruption and undue influence threaten multilateral climate action” (PDF). Transparency International. 2024.
392. ^ Jump up to:^a b c Kucera, Joshua (2024-11-10). “Azerbaijan Eyes Prestige Boost From Hosting COP29, Despite The Critics”. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. Retrieved 2024-11-24.
393. ^ Jump up to:^a b “Paris Agreement”. United Nations Treaty Collection. 2016-07-08. Retrieved 2024-11-24.
394. ^ Felver, Troy B. (2020-08-01). “How can Azerbaijan meet its Paris Agreement commitments: assessing the effectiveness of climate change-related energy policy options using LEAP modeling”. Heliyon. 6 (8): e04697. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04697. ISSN 2405-8440. PMC 7452500.
395. ^ Babayev, Mukhtar (2024-03-12). “As Cop29 president, I will build bridges between the diverging north and south to keep 1.5C in reach”. The Guardian. Retrieved 2024-05-11.
396. ^ Abnett, Kate; Volcovici, Valerie (2023-12-10). “Azerbaijan wins regional backing to host COP29 climate summit”. Reuters. Retrieved 2024-11-15.
397. ^ “Statement on the Genocidal State of Azerbaijan Hosting COP29”, Lemkin Institute, archived from the original on 2024-09-04, retrieved 2024-09-18
398. ^ Little, Alex; Contirbutor, Opinion (2024-04-22), “Hold Azerbaijan accountable before it hosts the next UN Climate Conference”, The Hill, retrieved 2024-09-18
399. ^ “COP Co-Opted: How corruption and undue influence threaten multilateral climate action” (PDF). Transparency International. 2024.
400. ^ Civillini, Matteo (2024-05-15), “Nagorno-Karabakh: Azerbaijan’s green vision vs. war legacy”, Climate Home News, retrieved 2024-09-18
401. ^ “Why is oil-rich Azerbaijan hosting the UN’s largest climate conference? – CIVILNET”, CIVILNET, 2024-07-06, retrieved 2024-09-18
402. ^ Harvey, Fiona (2024-09-18), “Azerbaijan accused of media crackdown before hosting Cop29”, The Guardian, retrieved 2024-09-18
403. ^ Latschan, Thomas (2024-06-15), “Azerbaijan: Repressive climate ahead of COP29”, Deutsche Welle, retrieved 2024-09-18
404. ^ Gavin, Gabriel; Schonhardt, Sara (2024-05-08), “Good COP, bad COP: Azerbaijan’s climate charm offensive is backfiring”, POLITICO, retrieved 2024-09-18
405. ^ Rubin, Michael (2024-09-16), “Is COP29 Berlin 1936? | American Enterprise Institute – AEI”, American Enterprise Institute – AEI, retrieved 2024-09-18
406. ^ “COP Co-Opted: How corruption and undue influence threaten multilateral climate action” (PDF). Transparency International. 2024.
407. ^ “Global: Host Country Agreement with Azerbaijan for COP29 must guarantee human rights and be publicly available”. Amnesty International. 2024-06-04. Retrieved 2024-10-17.
408. ^ MEGRELIDZE, SOPHIKO (2024-11-11). “Greta Thunberg protests against Azerbaijan hosting global climate summit”. AP News. Retrieved 2024-11-12.
409. ^ “June Climate Meetings Take Modest Steps Forward; Steep Mountain Still to Climb Ahead of COP29”. UNFCCC. 2024-06-13. Retrieved 2024-09-09.
410. ^ “Further groundwork for Article 6 Paris Agreement laid at Bonn Climate Change Conference”. White & Case LLP. 2024-07-01. Retrieved 2024-09-09.
411. ^ “The NCQG: What is it and why does it matter?”. World Economic Forum. 2024-07-17. Retrieved 2024-09-09.
412. ^ Harvey, Fiona (2024-07-20). “Cop29 host Azerbaijan seeks $1bn from fossil fuel producers for climate fund”. The Guardian. Retrieved 2024-09-09.
413. ^ “COP29 host Azerbaijan launches climate fund, introduces fossil fuel levy”. Business Standard. 2024-07-20. Retrieved 2024-09-09.
414. ^ “UN Pre-COP29 climate conference kicks off in Baku”. Report News Agency. 2024-10-10. Retrieved 2024-10-27.
415. ^ “Pre-COP29 in Baku: Global leaders gather in Baku”. Euronews. 2024-10-22. Retrieved 2024-10-27.
416. ^ Norel-Wilson, Lucie (2024-10-15). “Pre-COP29 Takes Place in Azerbaijan”. Renewable Energy Institute. Retrieved 2024-10-27.
417. ^ “COP29 Organising Committee”. cop29.az. Retrieved 2024-09-05.
418. ^ Hughes, Rebecca Ann (2024-01-17). “Azerbaijan’s COP29 committee comprises 28 men and no women”. Euro News. Retrieved 2024-01-19.
419. ^ Carrington, Damian (2024-01-19). “Women added to Cop29 climate summit committee after backlash”. The Guardian. Retrieved 2024-01-19.
420. ^ Lo, Joe (2024-01-04). “Azerbaijan appoint state oil company veteran as Cop29 president”. Climate Home News. Retrieved 2024-05-11.
421. ^ “The COP29 Presidency Team”. cop29.az. Retrieved 2024-09-05.
422. ^ “Framework for Action”. www.un.org. Retrieved 2024-11-06.
423. ^ “COP29”. UNFCCC. Retrieved 2024-11-10.
424. ^ “Letter to Parties and Constituencies”. cop29.az. Retrieved 2024-09-09.
425. ^ “COP29 to be held at Baku Olympic Stadium”. Report News Agency. 2024-04-15. Retrieved 2024-11-10.
426. ^ “How Baku is preparing to host the world’s biggest climate summit”. Euronews. 2024-11-05. Retrieved 2024-11-10.
427. ^ “Preparations for COP29 in Baku almost complete”. commonspace.eu. Retrieved 2024-11-10.
428. ^ “COP explained: Blue Zone versus Green Zone”. Society for the Environment. Retrieved 2024-11-10.
429. ^ Larsen, Gaia; Waskow, David; Alayza, Natalia; Cogswell, Nathan; Boehm, Sophie; Srouji, Jamal; Fransen, Taryn; Carter, Rebecca; Swaby, Gabrielle; Chakrabarty, Subrata; Warszawski, Nate (2024-10-29). “Will COP29 Unlock a New Era of Action? What to Watch at the 2024 Climate Summit”. www.wri.org. Retrieved 2024-11-24.
430. ^ Jump up to:^a b c “What is COP29 and why is it important?”. Chatham House. October 2024. Retrieved 2024-11-10.
431. ^ “COP29 climate talks: What finance deals have been announced?”. Reuters. 2024-11-14. Retrieved 2024-11-18.
432. ^ Khan, Yusuf (2024-11-12). “U.N. Negotiators Take Key Step to Global Carbon Deal”. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 2024-11-18.
433. ^ “Developing nations blast ‘paltry’ $300 billion deal approved at UN COP29 climate summit”. 2024-11-24. Retrieved 2024-11-24.
434. ^ Climate Home News (2024-11-20). “COP29 Bulletin Day 9: Developing nations deride “$200bn” finance rumour”. Retrieved 2024-11-24.
435. ^ AFP (2024-11-24). “Main points of the $300 billion climate deal”. Retrieved 2024-11-24.
436. ^ “COP29 and beyond: Energy transition ambition”. E3G. Retrieved 2024-11-10.
437. ^ “COP29 chief secretly filmed promoting fossil fuel deals”. www.bbc.com. Retrieved 2024-11-10.
438. ^ “Oil-rich nations ‘pushback’ against fossil fuel phaseout”. www.ft.com. 2024. Retrieved 2024-11-24.
439. ^ “Papua New Guinea to boycott ‘waste of time’ UN climate summit”. France 24. 2024-10-31. Retrieved 2024-11-02.
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