At the World Trade Organization, India called for stricter fishing subsidy regulations, emphasizing the contrast between its modest support and the larger subsidies given by European nations. India proposed a 25-year moratorium on subsidies for distant-water fishing and recommended a per capita distribution criterion to combat overfishing. Developing nations backed India’s position, refuting claims that it was obstructing progress.

India has proposed stricter regulations at the World Trade Organization (WTO) regarding subsidies granted to nations involved in high seas fishing. In a document submitted to the WTO, India emphasized the significant disparity in subsidies between developing and developed nations. India allocates a modest subsidy of just USD 35 per fisher annually, while some European countries provide subsidies as high as USD 76,000 per fisher per year. This stark contrast highlights the need for a more equitable approach to fisheries subsidies, with India calling for tighter controls to address overfishing and promote sustainable practices. India has advocated for a 25-year moratorium on subsidies for distant-water fishing, stressing the importance of implementing measures that ensure the conservation of marine resources. Developing countries have largely supported India’s position, countering accusations that they are obstructing progress in the negotiations.

India has further suggested that countries which have historically provided significant subsidies for high seas fishing should seek approval from the Committee on Fisheries Subsidies before granting such subsidies in the future. This proposal aims to ensure that subsidies are granted in a way that supports sustainable fishing practices and does not contribute to overfishing. By requiring prior approval for subsidies, India hopes to establish a more controlled and balanced framework for managing fishing resources on the high seas, addressing the disparities between developed and developing nations. This move is part of India’s broader effort to strengthen global rules on fisheries subsidies under the World Trade Organization (WTO).

India has made these proposals during the ongoing meetings of the Negotiating Group on Rules (Fisheries Subsidies) in Geneva. The discussions aim to address the challenges posed by overfishing and the impact of subsidies provided by some countries for high seas fishing. India’s position is focused on establishing stronger regulations to curb harmful subsidies, ensuring that resources are used sustainably and fairly. This effort is a part of the broader global negotiations to reform fisheries subsidies under the World Trade Organization (WTO).

India has called for stringent regulations for countries that have historically provided subsidies for distant-water fishing, which occurs 200 nautical miles from the shore. The country has proposed a 25-year moratorium on subsidies at current levels to address overfishing concerns and to ensure fairer competition. This proposal was presented during the ongoing discussions in the WTO’s Negotiating Group on Fisheries Subsidies, emphasizing the need for greater accountability in the global fishing industry.

India’s call for stricter regulations on fisheries subsidies, particularly for distant-water fishing, has received support from other developing nations, including Indonesia. These countries align with India’s stance on curbing overfishing and ensuring that subsidy rules are fairer, addressing the disparities in subsidies provided by developed countries. This collective push aims to create more sustainable and equitable practices in global fisheries.

COURTESY: iisdvideo

India has strongly rejected accusations of stalling progress at the World Trade Organization (WTO) and criticized those pushing for weaker disciplines on fisheries subsidies. According to Indian officials, the argument that India is hindering decisions at the General Council (GC) is merely an excuse to allow “business as usual,” where countries engaged in distant-water fishing continue to provide substantial subsidies, leading to the over-exploitation of fisheries resources. India insists that a 25-year moratorium on subsidies for distant-water fishing is necessary to protect global fisheries from unsustainable practices.

India’s position on the matter at the WTO is part of its broader push to implement more stringent and equitable regulations regarding fisheries subsidies. The country’s proposal calls for a halt to subsidies for distant-water fishing for the next 25 years, aiming to prevent the over-exploitation of fisheries resources, especially in the high seas. This proposal is backed by several developing countries, including Indonesia, which share India’s concerns over the sustainability of global fish stocks.

In addition to the 25-year moratorium, India has argued that historical subsidizers—those countries that have been providing large subsidies to their fishing industries for decades—should be required to seek permission from the WTO’s Committee on Fisheries Subsidies before granting any future subsidies. This measure would ensure that countries engaged in distant-water fishing, particularly those operating beyond the 200 nautical mile exclusive economic zone, do not continue to exploit marine resources indiscriminately.

India’s demands have drawn support from several developing nations that believe the current subsidy system disproportionately benefits developed nations, allowing them to dominate distant-water fishing activities while creating an uneven playing field for smaller, resource-limited countries. These nations contend that the unchecked subsidies by wealthy nations contribute to the depletion of marine life and the destabilization of fishing industries in developing countries.

India has also pointed to the stark disparity in subsidy distribution between developed and developing countries. For instance, while India provides a modest subsidy of around $35 per fisher annually, some European nations provide up to $76,000 per fisher each year, exacerbating the sustainability challenges facing global fisheries. This large gap in subsidy levels has been a major point of contention in the ongoing WTO negotiations.

India’s proposal is seen as a call for more equitable and sustainable global fisheries management, seeking to curb the harmful environmental and economic effects of excessive fishing subsidies. India and its allies argue that the current system encourages overfishing and threatens the livelihoods of millions of fishers in developing nations, who are unable to compete with the heavily subsidized fleets of developed countries.

COURTESY: WION

As the discussions continue in Geneva, the outcome of these negotiations could have far-reaching consequences for the future of global fisheries and the regulation of subsidies in this critical sector.

India has proposed adopting a “per capita distribution of subsidies” criterion to address the ongoing concerns regarding overfishing and overcapacity within the global fisheries sector, as part of its push for stronger regulatory measures at the WTO. The suggestion, outlined in the document titled Designing Disciplines for the Overcapacity and Overfishing Pillar: A Case for Intensity-Based Subsidies Approach, was submitted to the WTO as India calls for fairer distribution and regulation of subsidies granted to fishing industries, particularly those involved in distant-water fishing.

The document advocates for more stringent rules on subsidies to prevent the depletion of marine resources, proposing that subsidies should be distributed based on a per capita basis to ensure more equitable access to fishing resources. This measure would address the disproportionate impact of subsidies provided by wealthier nations, which often lead to the overexploitation of fish stocks in global waters, particularly in the high seas.

India’s proposal aims to integrate this per capita criterion within the existing WTO framework, ensuring that countries engage in responsible and sustainable fishing practices while maintaining the livelihoods of their fishermen. It stresses that the current subsidy practices, particularly those by developed countries, often result in overcapacity, making it difficult for developing nations to compete and for the fish stocks to replenish.

The document will be presented and discussed in the WTO’s General Council meeting in Geneva on December 16-17. This meeting will serve as a crucial platform for member countries to deliberate on India’s proposals, alongside other ongoing negotiations regarding fisheries subsidies and sustainable fishing practices. The discussions are expected to shape the future of global fisheries governance and determine the effectiveness of the WTO’s rules on managing fishing subsidies to prevent overfishing and environmental damage.

COURTESY: WION

As the negotiations progress, India’s approach, which emphasizes sustainable and equitable distribution of resources, is gaining traction among developing countries that share concerns over the long-term health of global fish stocks. This proposal is seen as a pivotal step toward ensuring that the benefits of fishing subsidies are not skewed towards a handful of countries but are fairly allocated to encourage responsible fishing practices across the world.

In 2022, countries at the World Trade Organization (WTO) reached an agreement aimed at eliminating subsidies that support illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing activities. This agreement was a significant step forward in the global effort to combat illegal fishing practices and preserve marine ecosystems. However, India has now called for more comprehensive regulations, particularly with regard to subsidies provided for high seas fishing.

India has emphasized that the current method of measuring fisheries subsidies by their annual aggregate level is flawed. This approach, India argues, fails to distinguish between harmful subsidies that lead to overfishing and those that provide essential support for small-scale or subsistence fishing, which is crucial for the livelihoods of many communities. As a result, India believes that the total amount of subsidies should not be the primary metric used in negotiations, as it does not account for the sustainability or the intent behind these subsidies.

Countries like Norway, China, Japan, and the United States are major players in distant-water fishing and are among the largest providers of subsidies for their fishing industries. These subsidies, often in the form of fuel subsidies or financial support for large fleets, can contribute to overcapacity in the fishing sector, making it difficult to manage fish stocks effectively. India’s push for stricter subsidy rules aims to address this imbalance, particularly as wealthy nations’ fleets, with significant subsidies, exploit fish stocks in international waters.

COURTESY: WION

India’s proposal advocates for a more nuanced approach to fisheries subsidies, calling for the establishment of a per capita subsidy system that would better reflect the actual needs and sustainability of fishing practices in different countries. This would ensure that subsidies are granted in a way that does not exacerbate overfishing or harm the environment.

The WTO negotiations, which will continue at the General Council meeting in Geneva, are crucial for shaping the future of global fisheries governance. India, supported by developing countries, aims to prevent the exploitation of fisheries resources by countries with the financial means to support large, distant-water fleets, ensuring that fisheries subsidies promote sustainability and protect the livelihoods of small-scale fishermen.

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148. Notes and references
149. [edit]
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297. Notes and references
298. [edit]
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329. ^ It was contemplated that the GATT would apply for several years until the ITO came into force. However, since the ITO never materialized, the GATT gradually became the focus for international governmental cooperation on trade matters, with economist Nicholas Halford overseeing the implementation of GATT in members’ policies. (P. van den Bossche, The Law and Policy of the World Trade Organization, 81; J. H. Jackson, Managing the Trading System, 134).
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446. Notes and references
447. [edit]
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449. ^ Languages, Documentation and Information Management Division Archived 24 December 2011 at the Wayback Machine at WTO official site
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478. ^ It was contemplated that the GATT would apply for several years until the ITO came into force. However, since the ITO never materialized, the GATT gradually became the focus for international governmental cooperation on trade matters, with economist Nicholas Halford overseeing the implementation of GATT in members’ policies. (P. van den Bossche, The Law and Policy of the World Trade Organization, 81; J. H. Jackson, Managing the Trading System, 134).
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