Russia-Ukraine War: Day 1,048 Key Events and Developments

Here are the key developments on the 1,048th day of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine.

Fighting

• Russian Forces Capture Dachenske: Russia’s Ministry of Defence claimed the capture of the village of Dachenske, located south of Pokrovsk in the Donetsk region. This area remains a strategic target for Russian forces.
• Russian Drone Strike in Kherson: Ukrainian police reported a Russian drone attack on a bus in a Kherson neighborhood on Monday, resulting in one death and eight injuries.
• Heavy Russian Losses in Kursk: Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy stated that Russia has sustained significant losses in the five-month-long Ukrainian offensive into the Kursk region, with nearly 15,000 Russian troops killed.
• Impact of Kursk Offensive: The ongoing occupation of the southern Russian region of Kursk by Ukrainian forces has allowed Kyiv’s military to create a buffer zone. This strategic move has forced Moscow to redirect military units away from the front-line areas in eastern Ukraine.
• Ukrainian Soldiers Desert in France: Several dozen Ukrainian soldiers who were undergoing training in France have reportedly deserted, according to a French army official speaking to the AFP news agency.
• Disciplinary Actions: The deserters are now subject to a disciplinary regime, which has been imposed by the Ukrainian command as part of efforts to address the issue.
• Training in France: The soldiers had been receiving military training in France as part of broader international support for Ukraine amidst its ongoing conflict with Russia.
• Desertion During Foreign Training: The desertion occurred during a period of heightened international military cooperation, where Ukrainian soldiers have been trained by several NATO countries to strengthen their combat capabilities against Russian forces.
• Impact on Ukrainian Forces: While the desertion may be a significant concern, it reflects the pressures and strains faced by Ukrainian soldiers, especially those serving in foreign territories away from home.
• French Military’s Response: The French army has stated that the desertion is being handled according to the agreements between the Ukrainian forces and the training countries, ensuring that Ukrainian military protocols are upheld.
• Ukrainian Military’s Disciplinary Measures: Ukraine’s military command has taken swift action to address the issue by instituting a disciplinary system to manage the situation, ensuring that deserters are held accountable.
• Broader Context of Desertions: While desertions in conflict situations are not uncommon, especially in high-stress environments like the ongoing Russia-Ukraine war, this event highlights the challenges of maintaining troop morale and discipline even among allied nations.

Politics and diplomacy

• Macron’s Caution on Territorial Expectations: French President Emmanuel Macron emphasized the need for Ukraine to have “realistic” expectations about territorial gains as it continues its fight against Russia. He warned that the war’s resolution will not be quick or simple.
• Acknowledging the Ongoing Struggle: Macron’s statement highlights the growing complexity of the conflict as it nears its fourth year. Despite Ukraine’s strong resistance and international support, the war shows no sign of ending soon, with significant challenges ahead.
• No “Quick and Easy” Solution: Macron underscored the difficult nature of the conflict, acknowledging the significant losses on both sides and the complicated political and military dynamics at play. His remarks suggest a long and uncertain road ahead for peace.
• Significance of French Leadership: As one of the key EU leaders involved in supporting Ukraine, Macron’s comments may shape France’s stance in future negotiations and international efforts to seek a balanced resolution to the conflict.
• Ukraine’s Future Strategy: Macron’s advice encourages Ukraine to assess its next steps with caution, possibly signaling a shift towards more strategic and less optimistic goals in the face of prolonged conflict.
• Moldova Summons Russian Diplomat: Moldovan authorities have called in a Russian diplomat to express concerns about the deteriorating situation in Transnistria. The breakaway region is at risk of a total electricity blackout after Russia cut off its gas supplies.
• Electricity Crisis in Transnistria: The ongoing energy crisis in Transnistria could lead to a full-scale blackout, highlighting the growing instability in the region. Moldova is closely monitoring the situation as it could impact regional security dynamics.
• US Ukraine Envoy Postpones Trip: Keith Kellogg, the retired Lieutenant-General who is set to be President-elect Donald Trump’s Ukraine envoy, has delayed a fact-finding visit to Kyiv and other European capitals. The trip will take place after Trump’s inauguration on January 20, sources confirm.
• Russian Orthodox Church Patriarch’s Remarks: The patriarch of Russia’s Orthodox Church, alongside President Vladimir Putin, celebrated Christmas while commenting that the Western world despises Russia. He emphasized Russia’s unique “alternative path of civilised development,” positioning the country in opposition to Western values.
• Moldovan Authorities Concerned Over Transnistria Situation: Moldovan officials are increasingly worried about the security situation in the breakaway region of Transnistria. The area faces a critical energy shortage after Russia cut off its gas supply, exacerbating tensions and instability.
• Ukraine Envoy’s Postponed Visit Due to Trump Inauguration: Keith Kellogg, President-elect Donald Trump’s designated Ukraine envoy, has rescheduled his visit to Kyiv and European capitals until after Trump’s inauguration. The delay underscores the transition period in U.S. foreign policy.
• Russian Orthodox Church Criticizes the West: The patriarch of Russia’s Orthodox Church, who marked Christmas alongside Vladimir Putin, lashed out at the West, claiming that Western nations despise Russia. He presented Russia’s alternative civilizational model as one of resistance to Western liberalism.
• Continued Russian Energy Pressure on Moldova: The situation in Transnistria highlights Moldova’s vulnerability, as Russia uses energy resources to exert political influence over the region. Moldova faces mounting pressure to navigate the geopolitical challenges surrounding its breakaway region.

COURTESY: Al Jazeera English

References

• ^ Jump up to:^a b Graham-Harrison, Emma and McCurry, Justin (10 October 2024). “North Koreans deployed alongside Russian troops in Ukraine, sources say”. The Guardian. Retrieved 10 October 2024.
• ^ Lister, Tim; Kesa, Julia (24 February 2022). “Ukraine says it was attacked through Russian, Belarus and Crimea borders”. Kyiv: CNN. Archived from the original on 24 February 2022. Retrieved 24 February 2022.
• ^ Murphy, Palu (24 February 2022). “Troops and military vehicles have entered Ukraine from Belarus”. CNN. Archived from the original on 23 February 2022. Retrieved 24 February 2022.
• ^ “Missiles launched into Ukraine from Belarus”. BBC News. 27 February 2022. Archived from the original on 2 March 2022. Retrieved 27 February 2022.
• ^ “75 тысяч погибших российских солдат 120 смертей в день – вот цена, которую платит Россия за нападение на соседнюю страну. Новое большое исследование «Медузы» и «Медиазоны» о потерях”. Meduza (in Russian). Retrieved 24 February 2024. … численность войск на фронте (если при вторжении ее оценивали в 190 тысяч вместе с «народными милициями ДНР и ЛНР», …
• ^ Bengali, Shashank (18 February 2022). “The U.S. says Russia’s troop buildup could be as high as 190,000 in and near Ukraine”. The New York Times. Archived from the original on 18 February 2022. Retrieved 18 February 2022.
• ^ Hackett, James, ed. (February 2021). The Military Balance 2021 (1st ed.). Abingdon, Oxfordshire: International Institute for Strategic Studies. p. 68. ISBN 978-1-03-201227-8. OCLC 1292198893. OL 32226712M.
• ^ Jump up to:^a b The Military Balance 2022. International Institute for Strategic Studies. February 2022. ISBN 9781000620030 – via Google Books.
• ^ “Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, May 30, 2023”. Institute for the Study of War. Retrieved 31 May 2023.
• ^ “Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, June 14, 2024”. Institute for the Study of War. Retrieved 17 August 2023.
• ^ Jump up to:^a b The Military Balance 2022. International Institute for Strategic Studies. February 2022. ISBN 9781000620030 – via Google Books.
• ^ “Ukraine“, The World Factbook, Central Intelligence Agency, 2023-01-18, retrieved 2023-01-19
• ^ “Swimming rivers and faking illness to escape Ukraine’s draft”. BBC News. 17 November 2023. Retrieved 17 November 2023.
• ^ Plokhy, Serhii (16 May 2023). The Russo-Ukrainian War: From the bestselling author of Chernobyl. Penguin Books. ISBN 978-1-80206-179-6. … If the collapse of the USSR was sudden and largely bloodless, growing strains between its two largest successors would develop into limited fighting in the Donbas in 2014 and then into all-out warfare in 2022, causing death, destruction, and a refugee crisis on a scale not seen in Europe since the Second World War.
• ^ Ramani 2023, p. 74.
• ^ D’Anieri 2023, p. i; 98.
• ^ Jump up to:^a b Roth, Andrew (17 December 2021). “Russia issues list of demands it says must be met to lower tensions in Europe”. the Guardian. Retrieved 5 January 2025.
• ^ Marples, David R. (3 July 2022). “Russia’s war goals in Ukraine”. Revue Canadienne des Slavistes. 64 (2–3): 207–219. doi:10.1080/00085006.2022.2107837. ISSN 0008-5006.
• ^ Hinton, Alex (25 February 2022). “Putin’s claims that Ukraine is committing genocide are baseless, but not unprecedented”. The Conversation. Retrieved 15 December 2024.
• ^ Al Jazeera Staff. “‘No other option’: Excerpts of Putin’s speech declaring war”. Al Jazeera. Retrieved 15 December 2024.
• ^ “Nationalist and Imperial Thinking Define Putin’s Vision for Russia”. rusi.org. Retrieved 15 December 2024.
• ^ Jump up to:^a b Etkind, Alexander (2022). “Ukraine, Russia, and Genocide of Minor Differences”. Journal of Genocide Research. 25 (3–4). Taylor & Francis: 1–19. doi:10.1080/14623528.2022.2082911. S2CID 249527690.
• ^ Jump up to:^a b McGlynn, Jade (23 April 2024). “Russia Is Committing Cultural Genocide in Ukraine”. Foreign Policy. Retrieved 4 July 2024.
• ^ Jump up to:^a b Stavljanin, Dragan (2 April 2024). “Genocide Scholar: ‘I Do Think that Russia’s Violence in Ukraine is Genocidal'”. RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty. Retrieved 4 July 2024.
• ^ Jump up to:^a b c Richardson, Jon (11 March 2024). “Unmarked graves, violent repression and cultural erasure: the devastating human toll of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine”. The Conversation. Retrieved 6 July 2024.
• ^ Budjeryn, Mariana. “Issue Brief #3: The Breach: Ukraine’s Territorial Integrity and the Budapest Memorandum” (PDF). Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. Retrieved 6 March 2022.
• ^ Vasylenko, Volodymyr (15 December 2009). “On assurances without guarantees in a ‘shelved document'”. The Day. Retrieved 7 March 2022.
  • Harahan, Joseph P. (2014). “With Courage and Persistence: Eliminating and Securing Weapons of Mass Destruction with the Nunn-Luger Cooperative Threat Reduction Programs” (PDF). DTRA History Series. Defense Threat Reduction Agency. ASIN B01LYEJ56H. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 February 2022. Retrieved 7 March 2022.
• ^ “Istanbul Document 1999”. Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe. 19 November 1999. p. 3 (PDF). Archived from the original on 1 June 2014. Retrieved 21 July 2015.
• ^ Person, Robert; McFaul, Michael (April 2022). “What Putin Fears Most”. Journal of Democracy. 33 (2): 18–27. doi:10.1353/jod.2022.0015. ISSN 1045-5736. Archived from the original on 6 April 2024. Retrieved 8 June 2024.
• ^ Kaarel Kaas (2009). “The Russian Bear on the Warpath Against Georgia”. International Centre for Defense Studies. Archived from the original on 29 June 2017. Retrieved 26 April 2019.
• ^ D’Anieri 2023, p. 136.
• ^ “Parliament passes statement on Ukraine’s aspirations for European integration”. Kyiv Post. 22 February 2013.
• ^ Dinan, Desmond; Nugent, Neil (eds.). The European Union in Crisis. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 3, 274.
• ^ Walker, Shaun (22 September 2013). “Ukraine’s EU trade deal will be catastrophic, says Russia”. The Guardian. ISSN0261-3077. Retrieved 12 September 2023.
  • Dinan, Desmond; Nugent, Neil (eds.). The European Union in Crisis. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 3, 274.
• ^ Traynor, Ian; Grytsenko, Oksana (21 November 2013). “Ukraine suspends talks on EU trade pact as Putin wins tug of war: Ukraine was due to sign accord at summit next week but MPs reject key bills, especially on freeing Yulia Tymoshenko from jail”. The Guardian.
• ^ Salem, Harriet; Walker, Shaun; Harding, Luke (27 February 2014). “Crimean parliament seized by unknown pro-Russian gunmen: Gunmen storm Crimea’s regional administrative complex in Simferopol and hoist Russian flag above parliament building”. The Guardian.
• ^ Grytsenko, Oksana; Vlasova, Anastasia (12 April 2014). “Armed pro-Russian insurgents in Luhansk say they are ready for police raid”. Kyiv Post. Businessgroup LLC. Archived from the original on 12 April 2014. Retrieved 1 February 2022.
• ^ Ragozin, Leonid (16 March 2019). “Annexation of Crimea: A masterclass in political manipulation”. Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 7 November 2020. Retrieved 24 May 2022.
• ^“Exclusive: Charred tanks in Ukraine point to Russian involvement”. Reuters. 23 October 2014. Archived from the original on 1 March 2022. Retrieved 28 February 2022.
  • Walker, Shaun; Grytsenko, Oksana; Ragozin, Leonid (3 September 2014). “Russian soldier: ‘You’re better clueless because the truth is horrible'”. The Guardian. ISSN 1756-3224. OCLC 60623878. Archived from the original on 1 March 2022. Retrieved 28 February 2022.
• ^ Socor, Vladimir (24 March 2014). “Putin’s Crimea Speech: A Manifesto of Greater-Russia Irredentism”. Vol. 11, no. 56. Eurasia Daily Monitor.
• ^ Kimmage, Michael (2024). Collisions: The Origins of the War in Ukraine and the New Global Instability. Oxford University Press. p. 129.
• ^ O’Loughlin, John (2017). “The rise and fall of “Novorossiya”: examining support for a separatist geopolitical imaginary in southeast Ukraine”. Post-Soviet Affairs. 33 (2): 124–144. doi:10.1080/1060586X.2016.1146452.
• ^ “Ukraine: Are 2014 pro-Russia rebels fighting 1920s war?”. BBC News. 28 July 2014.
• ^ Pineles, Dean (9 March 2022). “How the ‘Kosovo Precedent’ Shaped Putin’s Plan to Invade Ukraine”. Balkan Insight. Retrieved 9 February 2024.
• ^ Ingimundarson, Valur. “The ‘Kosovo Precedent’: Russia’s justification of military interventions and territorial revisions in Georgia and Ukraine” (PDF). LSE. The London School of Economics and Political Science. Retrieved 9 February 2024.
• ^ Tzimas, Themis. “Invoking the Kosovo Precedent: Can We Dismiss the Russian Argument?”. The Fletcher Forum of World Affairs. Retrieved 9 February 2024.
• ^ Rotaru, Vasile; Troncotă, Miruna (2017). “Continuity and change in instrumentalizing ‘The Precedent’. How Russia uses Kosovo to legitimize the annexation of Crimea”. Southeast European and Black Sea Studies. 17 (3): 325–345. doi:10.1080/14683857.2017.1348044. S2CID 157173954.
• ^ Plokhy, Serhii (9 May 2023). The Russo-Ukrainian War: The Return of History. W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 978-1-324-05120-6. … In an article published on the eve of the referendum, the historian Andrei Zubov, a professor at the elite Moscow Institute of International Relations, compared the planned annexation of the peninsula to Hitler’s Anschluss of Austria in 1938. He drew parallels between Hitler’s vision of Greater Germany and Russia’s reunification rhetoric, pointed out that both acts were justified to the public by the need to protect allegedly persecuted minorities, German (in Czechoslovakia) in the first case and Russian in the second, and mentioned the staged referendum as a sham to provide legal cover for the forcible annexation. …
• ^ Žalimas, Dainius (14 March 2017). “Lessons of World War II and the Annexation of Crimea”. International Comparative Jurisprudence. 3 (1): 25–36. doi:10.13165/j.icj.2017.03.003. ISSN 2351-6674.
• ^ “Ukraine Votes To Abandon Neutrality”. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 23 December 2014 – via rferl.org.
• ^ “How NATO can ease Ukraine’s path to neutrality”. openDemocracy.
• ^ Sommerlad, Joe (18 March 2022). “Why can’t Ukraine join Nato?”. The Independent. Retrieved 25 June 2024.
• ^ Juncker Says Ukraine Not Likely To Join EU, NATO For 20–25 Years Archived 11 August 2016 at the Wayback Machine. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. Published on 4 March 2016.
• ^ “Zelenskyy on meeting Putin in 2019: We talked and bargained a lot”. Ukrainska Pravda. 25 February 2024. Retrieved 15 July 2024.
• ^ “Ukraine ceasefire violated more than 100 times within days: OSCE”. Al Jazeera. 29 July 2020. Archived from the original on 1 March 2022. Retrieved 28 February 2022.
• ^ “Ukraine vergibt Offshore-Gas-Projekt an Shell und Exxon Mobil”. www.energate-messenger.de (in German). 17 August 2012. Retrieved 6 December 2024.
• ^ Jump up to:^a b “Exxon und Shell kämpfen um ukrainische Öl- und Gasfelder”. Deutsche Wirtschafts Nachrichten (in German). Retrieved 6 December 2024.
• ^ Jump up to:^a b Brumme, Christoph (28 January 2024). “Der dysfunktionale russische Staat ist nicht wettbewerbsfähig”. Neue Zürcher Zeitung (in Swiss High German). ISSN 0376-6829. Retrieved 6 December 2024.
• ^ Jump up to:^a b c d Brumme, Christoph. “In der Ukraine kämpft Russland um Rohstoffe”. n-tv.de (in German). Retrieved 6 December 2024.
• ^ Jump up to:^a b c Margolina, Sonja (23 March 2024). “Russlands Appetit auf die ukrainischen Rohstoffe für die E-Zukunft”. Neue Zürcher Zeitung (in Swiss High German). ISSN 0376-6829. Retrieved 6 December 2024.
• ^ Zwack, Peter B.; Andrusiv, Victor; Antonenko, Oksana (15 April 2021). “The Russian Military Buildup on Ukraine’s Border: An Expert Analysis”. Wilson Center.
  • Ullah, Zahra; Chernova, Anna; Mackintosh, Eliza (23 April 2021). “Russia pulls back troops after massive buildup near Ukraine border”. CNN.
• ^ Harris, Shane; Sonne, Paul (3 December 2021). “Russia planning massive military offensive against Ukraine involving 175,000 troops, U.S. intelligence warns”. The Washington Post. Retrieved 23 February 2023.
  • Schogol, Jeff (22 February 2022). “Here’s what those mysterious white ‘Z’ markings on Russian military equipment may mean”. Task & Purpose. North Equity. Archived from the original on 27 February 2022. Retrieved 27 February 2022. [B]ottom line is the ‘Z’ markings (and others like it) are a deconfliction measure to help prevent friendly fire incidents.
• ^ Taylor, Adam (24 February 2022). “Russia’s attack on Ukraine came after months of denials it would attack”. The Washington Post. Photograph by Evgeniy Maloletka (Associated Press). Archived from the original on 24 February 2022. Retrieved 26 February 2022. On Sunday … “There is no invasion. There is no such plans,” Antonov said.
• ^ Farley, Robert; Kiely, Eugene (24 February 2022). “Russian Rhetoric Ahead of Attack 66 Ukraine: Deny, Deflect, Mislead”. FactCheck.org. Annenberg Public Policy Center. Archived from the original on 27 February 2022. Retrieved 26 February 2022. Nov. 28 – … ‘Russia has never hatched, is not hatching and will never hatch any plans to attack anyone,’ Peskov said. … 19 Jan – … Ryabkov … ‘We do not want and will not take any action of aggressive character. We will not attack, strike, invade, quote unquote, whatever Ukraine.’
• ^ Fořtová, Klára (8 March 2022). “Velvyslanec Ukrajiny v Česku denně promlouvá, ruský mlčí a je ‘neviditelný'” [Ukraine’s ambassador to the Czech Republic speaks daily, the Russian is silent and ‘invisible’]. Mladá fronta DNES (in Czech). Archived from the original on 8 March 2022. Retrieved 10 March 2022. Zmejevský … ‘Důrazně jsme odmítli jako nepodložená obvinění Ruska z přípravy, agrese vůči Ukrajině a fámy o vstupu ruských jednotek na ukrajinské území,’ stojí v něm. [Zmeevsky … ‘We emphatically dismissed Russia’s allegations of preparation, aggression against Ukraine and rumors of Russian troops entering Ukrainian territory,’ he said.]
• ^ “Kremlin Insiders Alarmed Over Growing Toll of Putin’s War in Ukraine”. Bloomberg News. 20 March 2022.
• ^ Ball, Tom (7 March 2022). “This war will be a total failure, FSB whistleblower says”. The Times. Retrieved 21 March 2022.
• ^ Düben, Björn Alexander (8 September 2023). “Revising History and ‘Gathering the Russian Lands’: Vladimir Putin and Ukrainian Nationhood”. LSE Public Policy Review. 3 (1). doi:10.31389/lseppr.86.
• ^ Putin, Vladimir (12 July 2021). “Article by Vladimir Putin ‘On the Historical Unity of Russians and Ukrainians'”. The Kremlin. Government of Russia. Archived from the original on 25 January 2022. Retrieved 1 February 2022.
• ^ Jump up to:^a b Perrigo, Billy (22 February 2022). “What Putin Gets Wrong About Ukraine’s Statehood”. Time. Retrieved 6 November 2023.
• ^ Snyder, Timothy D. (18 January 2022). “How to think about war in Ukraine”. Thinking about… (newsletter). Substack. Archived from the original on 19 January 2022. Retrieved 25 January 2022. Historically speaking, the idea that a dictator in another country decides who is a nation and who is not is known as imperialism.
• ^ Roth, Andrew (7 December 2021). “Putin’s Ukraine rhetoric driven by distorted view of neighbor”. The Guardian. Archived from the original on 7 December 2021. Retrieved 25 January 2021. fear has gone hand-in-hand with chauvinistic bluster that indicates Moscow has a distorted view of modern Ukraine and the goals it wants to achieve there.
  • Lucas, Edward (15 September 2020). “Why Putin’s history essay requires a rewrite”. The Times. Archived from the original on 25 January 2022. Retrieved 25 September 2023.
  • Dickinson, Peter; Haring, Melinda; Lubkivsky, Danylo; Motyl, Alexander; Whitmore, Brian; Goncharenko, Oleksiy; Fedchenko, Yevhen; Bonner, Brian; Kuzio, Taras (15 July 2021). “Putin’s new Ukraine essay reveals imperial ambitions”. Atlantic Council. Archived from the original on 15 July 2021. Retrieved 25 September 2023. Vladimir Putin’s inaccurate and distorted claims are neither new nor surprising. They are just the latest example of gaslighting by the Kremlin leader.
  • Wilson, Andrew (23 December 2021). “Russia and Ukraine: ‘One People’ as Putin Claims?”. Royal United Services Institute. Archived from the original on 24 January 2022. Retrieved 25 January 2022. Putin’s key trope is that Ukrainians and Russians are ‘one people’, and he calls them both ‘Russian’. He starts with a myth of common origin: ‘Russians, Ukrainians and Belarusians are all descendants of Ancient Rus’, which was the largest state in Europe’ from the 9th to 13th centuries AD.
• ^ Wiśnicki, Jarosław (14 July 2023). “History as an information weapon in Russia’s full-scale war in Ukraine”.
• ^ Jump up to:^a b Tétrault-Farber, Gabrielle; Balmforth, Tom (17 December 2021). “Russia demands NATO roll back from East Europe and stay out of Ukraine”. Reuters. Archived from the original on 22 February 2022. Retrieved 24 February 2022.
• ^ Jump up to:^a b Kuzio, Taras; Jajecznyk-Kelman, Stefan (2023). Fascism and Genocide: Russia’s War Against Ukrainians. COLUMBIA University Press. pp. 17, 57. ISBN 978-3-8382-1791-8.
• ^ MacKinnon, Mark (21 December 2021). “Putin warns of unspecified military response if U.S. and NATO continue ‘aggressive line'”. The Globe and Mail. Archived from the original on 15 January 2022. Retrieved 24 February 2022.
• ^ Coyer, Cassandre (25 February 2022). “Why is Ukraine not in NATO and is it too late to join? Here’s what experts, NATO say”. The Miami Herald. Archived from the original on 29 March 2022. Retrieved 28 February 2022.
• ^ Jump up to:^a b “NATO-Russia: Setting the record straight”. NATO. Retrieved 16 May 2023.
• ^ “NATO chief: “Russia has no right to establish a sphere of influence””. Axios. 1 December 2021. Archived from the original on 14 February 2022. Retrieved 17 December 2021.
• ^ “US offers no concessions in response to Russia on Ukraine”. Associated Press. 26 January 2022.
• ^ “U.S. and NATO Respond to Putin’s Demands as Ukraine Tensions Mount”. The New York Times. 26 January 2022.
• ^ Rose, Michael; Polityuk, Pavel (8 February 2022). “France’s Macron calls for calm to resolve Ukraine crisis”. Reuters.
• ^ “Scholz: Putin started war for ‘completely absurd’ reasons”. Deutsche Welle. 21 August 2022.
• ^ Gordon, Michael R.; Pancevski, Bojan; Bisserbe, Noemie; Walker, Marcus (1 April 2022). “Vladimir Putin’s 20-Year March to War in Ukraine—and How the West Mishandled It”. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 18 June 2022.
• ^ Blank, Stephen (28 January 2022). “Ukrainian neutrality would not appease Putin or prevent further Russian aggression”. Atlantic Council.
• ^ Jump up to:^a b Lutsevych, Orysia (27 June 2023). “How to end Russia’s war on Ukraine: Safeguarding Europe’s future, and the dangers of a false peace”. Chatham House. doi:10.55317/9781784135782.
• ^ “West should stop ‘appeasement’ policy towards Russia, says Ukraine’s Zelensky”. France 24. 19 February 2022. Retrieved 10 February 2024.
• ^ “Ukraine crisis: Russia orders troops into rebel-held regions”. BBC News. 22 February 2022.
• ^ “Federation Council gives consent to use the Russian Armed Forces outside of the Russian Federation”. Federation Council of Russia. 22 February 2022. Retrieved 21 March 2023.
• ^ Jump up to:^a b c “Putin announces formal start of Russia’s invasion in eastern Ukraine”. Meduza. 24 February 2022. Archived from the original on 24 February 2022. Retrieved 24 February 2022.
• ^“Putin declares war on Ukraine”. The Kyiv Independent. 24 February 2022. Retrieved 24 June 2022.
  • Haltiwager, John (23 February 2022). “Russian President Vladimir Putin announces military assault against Ukraine in surprise speech”. Business Insider. Archived from the original on 24 February 2022. Retrieved 24 February 2022.
• ^ Hinton, Alexander (25 February 2022). “Putin’s claims that Ukraine is committing genocide are baseless, but not unprecedented”. The Conversation.
• ^ Jump up to:^a b “Full text: Putin’s declaration of war on Ukraine”. The Spectator. 24 February 2022.
• ^ Jump up to:^a b “Ukraine conflict: Russian forces attack after Putin TV declaration”. BBC News. 24 February 2022. Archived from the original on 24 February 2022. Retrieved 24 February 2022.
• ^“Missiles rain down around Ukraine”. Reuters. 25 February 2022.
  • “Russian forces launch full-scale invasion of Ukraine”. Al Jazeera. 24 February 2022.
• ^ Dietrich, Marc (2023). A Cosmopolitan Model for Peacebuilding: The Ukrainian Cases of Crimea and the Donbas. Ibidem Verlag. ISBN 978-3-8382-1687-4.
• ^ Jump up to:^{a b c d e f} Kagan, Frederick; Barros, George; Stepanenko, Kateryna (5 March 2022). “Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, March 4”. CriticalThreats. Retrieved 5 March 2022.
• ^ Jump up to:^{a b c d e} Kagan, Frederick; Barros, George; Stepanenko, Kateryna (4 March 2022). “Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, March 4”. Institute for the Study of War. Retrieved 5 March 2022.
• ^ Sheftalovich, Zoya (24 February 2022). “Battles flare across Ukraine after Putin declares war”. Politico. Archived from the original on 24 February 2022. Retrieved 24 February 2022.
• ^ Mongilio, Heather; LaGrone, Sam (27 February 2022). “Russian Navy Launches Amphibious Assault on Ukraine; Naval Infantry 30 Miles West of Mariupol”. USNI News.
  • Corten, Olivier; Koutroulis, Vaios (22 May 2023). “The 2022 Russian intervention in Ukraine: What is its impact on the interpretation of jus contra bellum?”. Leiden Journal of International Law. 36 (4): 997–1022. doi:10.1017/S0922156523000249. S2CID 258857526.
  • Coakley, Amanda (24 February 2022). “Lukashenko Is Letting Putin Use Belarus to Attack Ukraine”. Foreign Policy. Retrieved 25 September 2023.
• ^ “Putin”. University of Hull. 23 February 2023. Retrieved 14 November 2023.
• ^ “Oleksiy Danilov: Rosiya rozpadetʹsya shche pry nashomu zhytti” Олексій Данілов: Росія розпадеться ще при нашому житті [Alexei Danilov: Russia will fall apart during our lifetime]. Ukrainska Pravda (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 24 June 2022.
• ^ Jump up to:^ab“Ukraine rejects Russian demand to surrender port city of Mariupol in exchange for safe passage”. CBS News. 20 March 2022. Retrieved 21 March 2022.
  • “Ukraine refuses to surrender Mariupol as scope of human toll remains unclear”. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. 21 March 2022. Retrieved 21 March 2022.
• ^ Dean, Jeff (9 March 2022). “The letter Z is becoming a symbol of Russia’s war in Ukraine. But what does it mean?”. NPR.
• ^ Lock, Samantha (24 February 2022). “Russia-Ukraine crisis live news: Putin has launched ‘full-scale invasion’, says Ukrainian foreign minister – latest updates”. The Guardian. Archived from the original on 24 February 2022. Retrieved 24 February 2022.
  • “Ukraine president declares martial law following Russia invasion”. The Independent. 24 February 2022. Retrieved 11 September 2023.
• ^ “Zelensky signs decree declaring general mobilization”. Interfax-Ukraine. 25 February 2022. Archived from the original on 25 February 2022. Retrieved 25 February 2022.
• ^ Gilbert, Asha C. (25 February 2022). “Reports: Ukraine bans all male citizens ages 18 to 60 from leaving the country”. USA Today. Retrieved 26 March 2022.
• ^ Boffey, Daniel (7 August 2023). “Zelenskiy assassination plot foiled by security service, says Ukraine”. The Guardian. ISSN0261-3077. Retrieved 11 September 2023. More than 400 Russian mercenaries from the Wagner group were reported to have been in Kyiv in February 2022 with orders to kill Zelenskiy as part of a “decapitation strategy”.
  • “Ukraine: More Wagner Group mercenaries in country to attempt to assassinate Zelensky”. The Times of Israel. Retrieved 11 September 2023.
  • Bostock, Bill. “The Kremlin ordered 400 Russian mercenaries in Kyiv to hunt and kill Ukraine’s president, report says”. Business Insider. Retrieved 11 September 2023.
• ^ Rana, Manveen (3 March 2022). “Volodymyr Zelensky survives three assassination attempts in days”. The Times. Retrieved 21 March 2022.
• ^ “NATO bolsters arms supply to Ukraine with anti-tank weapons”. Al Jazeera. 26 February 2022. Retrieved 17 August 2024.
• ^ Bildung, Bundeszentrale für politische (8 March 2022). “Chronik: 21. – 27. Februar 2022”. bpb.de (in German). Retrieved 16 August 2024.
• ^ Kube, Courtney; Siemaszko, Corky (26 February 2022). “Russian offensive unexpectedly slowed by fierce Ukrainian resistance”. NBC News. Retrieved 16 September 2022.
• ^“Russia’s failure to take down Kyiv was a defeat for the ages”. Associated Press News. 7 April 2022. Retrieved 16 September 2022.
  • Sonne, Paul; Khurshudyan, Isabelle (24 August 2022). “Battle for Kyiv: Ukrainian valor, Russian blunders combined to save the capital”. The Washington Post. Retrieved 27 September 2022.
• ^ Kramer, Andrew E. (15 March 2022). “How a Line of Russian Tanks Became an Inviting Target for Ukrainians”. The New York Times. Retrieved 16 September 2022.
• ^ “Russian advance slowed by Ukrainian resistance and logistical setbacks, U.S. defense official says”. CBS. 28 February 2022. Retrieved 16 September 2022.
• ^ “Russian focus on ‘liberating’ Donbas hints at shift in strategy”. Al Jazeera. 25 March 2022. Retrieved 4 February 2023. ^“Russia targets east Ukraine, says first phase over”. BBC. 26 March 2022. Retrieved 27 March 2022.
• ^ Jump up to:^a b c Bielieskov, Mykola (21 September 2021). “The Russian and Ukrainian Spring 2021 War Scare”. Center for Strategic & International Studies. Retrieved 25 November 2021.
• ^ Jump up to:^a b Epstein, Jake; Haltiwanger, John (6 April 2022). “NATO chief says Putin still wants to control all of Ukraine, despite repositioning forces to the eastern Donbas region”. Retrieved 7 April 2022.
• ^ Vandiver, John; Svan, Jennifer H. (26 April 2022). “US and allies gather at Ramstein to discuss how to help Ukraine defeat Russia’s ‘unjust invasion'”. Stars and Stripes. Ramstein Air Base, Germany. Archived from the original on 4 May 2022. Retrieved 9 May 2022.
• ^ Barnes, Julian E. (10 May 2022). “The U.S. intelligence chief says Putin is preparing for a prolonged conflict”. The New York Times. ISSN 1553-8095. OCLC 1645522. Archived from the original on 10 May 2022. Retrieved 27 May 2022.
• ^ Jump up to:^a b Sabbagh, Dan (31 May 2022). “Biden will not supply Ukraine with long-range rockets that can hit Russia”. The Guardian.
• ^ Champion, Marc; Kudrytski, Aliaksandr (28 May 2022). “Russian Wins in Eastern Ukraine Spark Debate Over Course of War”. Bloomberg.
  • Luxmoore, Matthew (26 May 2022). “Ukraine Slams Idea of Swapping Land for Peace”. The Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved 24 September 2023.
• ^ Atlamazoglou, Stavros (30 May 2022). “War in Ukraine, Day 96 Update: Russia’s Military Losses are ‘Unsustainable'”. 19fortyfive.com.
• ^ CBS News Videos. “Russia bombards Kyiv, vows to strike new targets if U.S. sends long-range missiles to Ukraine”. 6 June 2022. [1]
• ^ Koshiw, Isobel (10 June 2022). “We’re almost out of ammunition and relying on western arms, says Ukraine”. The Guardian.
• ^ Alper, Alexandra; Freifeld, Karen; Landay, Jonathan (29 June 2022). “Putin still wants most of Ukraine, war outlook grim -U.S. intelligence chief”. Reuters. Retrieved 2 July 2022.
• ^ Rainford, Sarah (5 July 2022). “Ukraine war: Putin presses on after Lysychansk capture”. BBC News.
• ^ Sly, Liz; Lamothe, Dan (20 March 2022). “Russia’s war for Ukraine could be headed toward stalemate”. The Washington Post. ISSN0190-8286. OCLC2269358. Archived from the original on 20 March 2022. Retrieved 6 June 2022.
  • Roblin, Sebastien (27 February 2022). “At Vasylkiv, Ukrainians Repel Russia’s Paratroopers and Commandos in Frantic Night Battle”. 19FortyFive. Retrieved 5 March 2022.
  • Boot, Max (21 March 2022). “Opinion: Against all odds, Ukrainians are winning. Russia’s initial offensive has failed”. The Washington Post. Retrieved 24 March 2022.
• ^ Kemp, Richard (22 March 2022). “The Russian army has run out of time”. The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 24 March 2022.
• ^ “Live updates: Zelenskyy declines US offer to evacuate Kyiv”. AP News. 25 February 2022. Retrieved 28 February 2023.
• ^ “Analysis: Zelensky’s famous quote of ‘need ammo, not a ride’ not easily confirmed”. The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 28 February 2023.
• ^“Ukraine loses control of Chernobyl nuclear site, amid battles in Kyiv outskirts”. The Times of Israel. 24 February 2022. Archived from the original on 25 February 2022. Retrieved 25 February 2022.
  • “Ukrayinsʹki viysʹkovi pid Kyyevom zupynyly kolonu rosiysʹkykh tankiv” Українські військові під Києвом зупинили колону російських танків [The Ukrainian military stopped a column of Russian tanks near Kyiv]. Gazeta (in Ukrainian). 25 February 2022. Archived from the original on 25 February 2022. Retrieved 25 February 2022.
• ^“Battle Underway for Airbase on Kyiv Outskirts”. Moscow Times. AFP. 24 February 2022. Archived from the original on 25 February 2022. Retrieved 25 February 2022.
  • “Russia claims to take control of Hostomel airport just outside Kyiv”. The Times of Israel. Associated Press. Archived from the original on 25 February 2022. Retrieved 25 February 2022.
• ^“Okupanty namahayutʹsya vysadyty desant u Vasylʹkovi, ydutʹ boyi” Окупанти намагаються висадити десант у Василькові, йдуть бої [The occupiers are trying to land in Vasylkiv, fighting is going on] (in Ukrainian). Ukrinform. Archived from the original on 26 February 2022. Retrieved 26 February 2022.
  • “U Vasylʹkovi zbyly vynyshchuvach ta dva hvyntokryly okupantiv” У Василькові збили винищувач та два гвинтокрили окупантів [A fighter and two helicopters of the occupiers were shot down in Vasylkiv] (in Ukrainian). Ukrainian Independent Information Agency. Archived from the original on 26 February 2022. Retrieved 26 February 2022.
• ^ Stern, David L. (5 March 2022). “After temporary cease-fires break down, Putin threatens Ukraine’s government”. The Washington Post. Retrieved 6 March 2022.
• ^ Arnold, Edward (6 March 2022). How is the war in Ukraine going for Russia?. DW News. Interviewed by Rebecca Ritters. Archived from the original on 14 March 2022. Retrieved 18 March 2022 – via YouTube.
• ^ Lister, Tim; Pennington, Josh; McGee, Luke; and Gigova, Radina (7 March 2022). “‘A family died … in front of my eyes’: Civilians killed as Russian military strike hits evacuation route in Kyiv suburb”. CNN. Retrieved 9 March 2022.
• ^ “Bucha, Vorzel, Hostomel under enemy’s control, situation remains critical”. Ukrinform. 7 March 2022. Retrieved 9 March 2022.
• ^ Lister, Tim; Voitovych, Olga (8 March 2022). “”Irpin can’t be bought, Irpin fights”: Mayor refuses Russian demand to surrender”. CNN. Retrieved 8 March 2022.
• ^ Murphy, Paul (11 March 2022). “Stalled 40-mile-long Russian convoy near Kyiv now largely dispersed, satellite images show”. CNN. Retrieved 11 March 2022.
• ^ Cullison, Alan; Coles, Isabel; Trofimov, Yaroslav (16 March 2022). “Ukraine Mounts Counteroffensive to Drive Russians Back From Kyiv, Key Cities”. The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 16 March 2022. Retrieved 16 March 2022.
• ^ Gordon, Michael R.; Leary, Alex (21 March 2022). “The Wall Street Journal News Exclusive: Russia, Failing to Achieve Early Victory in Ukraine, Is Seen Shifting to ‘Plan B'”. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 24 March 2022.
• ^ Ali, Idrees; Stewart, Phil (27 February 2022). “Russian forces appear to shift to siege warfare in Ukraine- U.S. official”. Reuters. Retrieved 24 March 2022.
• ^ “Ukraine war: Ukrainian fightback gains ground west of Kyiv”. BBC News. 23 March 2022. Retrieved 29 March 2022.
• ^ Walters, Joanna; Bartholomew, Jem; Belam, Martin; Lock, Samantha (25 March 2022). “Russia-Ukraine war latest: Ukraine takes back towns east of Kyiv; hopes of Mariupol humanitarian corridor grow – live”. The Guardian. Retrieved 25 March 2022.
• ^ Rudenko, Olga (2 April 2022). “Hundreds of murdered civilians discovered as Russians withdraw from towns near Kyiv (Graphic Images)”. The Kyiv Independent. Archived from the original on 3 April 2022. Retrieved 3 April 2022.
• ^ “Ukraine war latest: Ukraine says it has retaken entire Kyiv region”. BBC News. Retrieved 2 April 2022.
• ^“Russia attacks Kyiv as U.N. leader visits, and onslaught continues in eastern Ukraine”. CBS News. 28 April 2022. Retrieved 20 March 2023.
  • Tebor, Celina; Miller, Ryan W.; Hayes, Christal; Santucci, Jeanine (30 April 2022). “Ukraine in ‘a fight for life’ in Donbas region, Zelenskyy says in nightly address; Russian strike kills at least 1 in Kyiv: Live updates”. Yahoo News. Retrieved 2 June 2022.
• ^ Ward, Alexander (25 February 2022). “‘Almost not possible’ for Ukraine to win without West’s help, Ukraine official says”. Politico. Archived from the original on 26 February 2022. Retrieved 26 February 2022.
• ^ “Ukraine war news from February 25: Kyiv suburbs breached, Russian forces face resistance, Zelensky warns Russia will ‘storm’ capital”. Financial Times. 26 February 2022. ISSN 0307-1766. Archived from the original on 26 February 2022. Retrieved 26 February 2022.
• ^ Недилько, Владимир (28 February 2022). “Boi pod Sumami: artilleriya i “Bayraktary” unichtozhili 100 tankov i 20 “Gradov” okkupantov” Бои под Сумами: артиллерия и “Байрактары” уничтожили 100 танков и 20 “Градов” оккупантов [Battles near Sumy: Artillery and Bayraktars destroyed 100 tanks and 20 “Grad” of invaders]. Апостроф [Apostrophe] (in Ukrainian). Archived from the original on 28 February 2022. Retrieved 28 February 2022.
• ^ Jump up to:^a b Polyakovskaya, Tanya (26 February 2022). “Rossiyskaya voyennaya tekhnika zanyala territoriyu byvshego aeroporta “Berdyansk” – gorsovet” Российская военная техника заняла территорию бывшего аэропорта “Бердянск” – горсовет [Russian military equipment occupied the territory of the former airport “Berdyansk” – city council] (in Russian). Berdyansk City Council. Ukrainian Independent Information Agency. Archived from the original on 26 February 2022. Retrieved 26 February 2022.
• ^ Demirjian, Karoun and Lamothe, Dan (6 April 2022). “Pentagon: Russia has fully withdrawn from Kyiv, Chernihiv”. The Washington Post. Retrieved 7 April 2022.
• ^ Kalatur, Anastasiya (8 April 2022). “Sumy region liberated from Russian troops”. Ukrainska Pravda. Retrieved 15 April 2022.
• ^ Marrow, Alexander; Ostroukh, Andrey (24 February 2022). Balmforth, Tom (ed.). “Russian forces unblock water flow for canal to annexed Crimea, Moscow says”. Reuters. Archived from the original on 1 March 2022.
• ^ NEXTA [@nexta_tv] (26 February 2022). “The tanks of the occupiers have circled #Berdyansk and are heading towards #Mariupol. https://t.co/jwsIoORzH0” (Tweet). Archived from the original on 27 February 2022. Retrieved 28 February 2022 – via Twitter.
• ^ Jump up to:^a b Lister, Tim; Alkhaldi, Celine; Voitovych, Olga; Mezzofiore, Gianluca (24 March 2022). “Ukrainians claim to have destroyed large Russian warship in Berdyansk”. CNN. Retrieved 24 March 2022.
• ^“Battle ongoing near Mariupol – mayor”. Ukrinform. Archived from the original on 25 February 2022. Retrieved 25 February 2022.
  • Richárd, Jabronka (25 February 2022). “Így áll most a háború Ukrajnában: több nagyvárosban harcok dúlnak, megtámadtak egy orosz repülőteret” [This is how the war in Ukraine is now: fighting is raging in several big cities, a Russian airport has been attacked]. Ellenszél (in Hungarian). Archived from the original on 26 February 2022. Retrieved 25 February 2022.
• ^“”Amphibious assault” underway west of Mariupol on the Sea of Azov, senior US defense official says”. CNN. 25 February 2022. Archived from the original on 25 February 2022. Retrieved 25 February 2022.
  • “Russian Navy Carries Out Amphibious Assault Near Mariupol”. The Maritime Executive. Archived from the original on 25 February 2022. Retrieved 25 February 2022.
• ^ “Ukraine official says Russian troops approaching Zaporizhzhia nuclear plant”. National Post. 26 February 2022. Retrieved 28 February 2022.
• ^ “Russian forces attacking Zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant in Ukraine, per multiple reports”. Business Insider Australia. 3 March 2022. Retrieved 4 March 2022.
• ^ “Ukraine nuclear plant on fire after Russia shelling”. News.com.au. 4 March 2022. Retrieved 4 March 2022.
• ^ “Russian forces strike Ukraine from multiple fronts, including at power plant”. ABC News. 3 March 2022. Retrieved 4 March 2022.
• ^ “Ukraine loses control over crossing to Kherson”. Ukrinform. Archived from the original on 25 February 2022. Retrieved 25 February 2022.
• ^ Schwirtz, Michael and Pérez-Peña, Richard (2 March 2022). “First Ukraine City Falls as Russia Strikes More Civilian Targets”. The New York Times. Archived from the original on 3 March 2022. Retrieved 3 March 2022.
• ^ “Ukrainian defenders repelled attack on Mykolaiv city, fighting continues on outskirts”. Ukrinform. 4 March 2022. Retrieved 4 March 2022.
• ^ Lister, Tim and Kesa, Julia (14 March 2022). “Ukraine puts death toll in Mariupol bombardment at more than 2,500”. CNN. Retrieved 14 March 2022.
• ^ Boffey, Daniel and Tondo, Lorenzo (18 March 2022). “Fighting reaches central Mariupol as shelling hinders rescue attempts”. The Guardian. Retrieved 21 March 2022.
• ^ “Russian forces bomb school sheltering 400 people in Mariupol, city council says”. CNN. 20 March 2022. Retrieved 20 March 2022.
• ^ “Ukraine refuses to surrender Mariupol as scope of human toll remains unclear”. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. 21 March 2022. Retrieved 21 March 2022.
• ^ Scully, Rachel (27 March 2022). “Ukrainian official: Mariupol ‘simply does not exist anymore'”. The Hill. Retrieved 29 March 2022.
• ^ “Ukraine War: Putin demands Mariupol surrender to end shelling”. BBC News. 30 March 2022. Retrieved 31 March 2022.
• ^ “Ukraine: No ‘plan B’ for evacuation of shattered Mariupol, say humanitarians, as Friday attempt fails”. UN News. 1 April 2022. Retrieved 3 April 2022.
• ^ “Missiles hit Ukraine refinery, ‘critical infrastructure’ near Odessa”. The Straits Times. SPH Media Trust. Reuters. 3 April 2022. Retrieved 6 April 2022.
• ^ “Video analysis reveals Russian attack on Ukrainian nuclear plant veered near disaster”. NPR. 11 March 2022. Retrieved 1 April 2022.
• ^ Losh, Jack (25 February 2022). “Kharkiv’s Resistance to Russia’s War Has Already Begun”. Foreign Policy. Archived from the original on 25 February 2022. Retrieved 27 February 2022.
  • “Rosiya atakuvala ukrayinsʹki mista: de vidbulysya boyi” Росія атакувала українські міста: де відбулися бої [Russia attacked Ukrainian cities: where the fighting took place]. Channel 24 (in Ukrainian). Archived from the original on 25 February 2022. Retrieved 27 February 2022.
• ^ Jump up to:^a b “Ukrainian Armed Forces attacked Millerovo with Tochka-U”. Rostov Gazeta. 25 February 2022. Archived from the original on 25 February 2022. Retrieved 25 February 2022.
• ^ Lister, Tim; Voitovych, Olya (1 March 2022). “Russian-backed separatist leader expects his forces to surround Mariupol on Tuesday”. CNN. Retrieved 1 March 2022.
• ^ “Novyny Ukrayiny: Rosiysʹke vtorhnennya: potochna sytuatsiya na Luhanshchyni” Новини України: Російське вторгнення: поточна ситуація на Луганщині [News of Ukraine: Russian invasion: the current situation in Luhansk region]. galinfo.com.ua [uk] (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 3 March 2022.
• ^ “First in 7 days of war Ukrainian units go on offensive advancing to Horlivka – Arestovych”. Interfax Ukraine. 2 March 2022. Retrieved 2 March 2022.
• ^ Huijboom, Stefan (22 June 2015). “Resident of Russian-held Horlivka: ‘We have nothing'”. Kyiv Post. Retrieved 11 March 2022.
• ^ Bennett, Dalton (7 April 2022). “In eastern Ukraine, Russian military razing towns to take them over”. The Washington Post. Retrieved 21 February 2022.
• ^ Hopkins, Nick; Wilson, Jamie; Harding, Luke (18 July 2023). “Militia units commanded by Russia named in Izium abuse investigation”. The Guardian. Retrieved 21 February 2024.
• ^ Trevelyan, Mark, ed. (25 March 2022). “Russia says first phase of Ukraine operation mostly complete, focus now on Donbass”. London: Yahoo! Finance. Reuters. Retrieved 28 March 2022.
• ^ Hewson, Jack; Ram, Ed; Frantsev, Dmitri (30 March 2022). “Civilians endure intense suffering as Russian shelling reduces Kharkiv to ‘a smoking ruin'”. PBS NewsHour. Retrieved 1 April 2022.
• ^ “Russia alleges Ukrainian helicopters struck Belgorod fuel depot”. Al Jazeera. 1 April 2022. Retrieved 6 April 2022.
• ^ “War in Ukraine: Russia accuses Ukraine of attacking oil depot”. BBC News. 1 April 2022. Retrieved 6 April 2022.
• ^ Picheta, Rob (6 April 2022). “The fight for Sloviansk may be ‘the next pivotal battle’ of Russia’s war in Ukraine”. CNN. Retrieved 15 April 2022.
• ^ Jump up to:^a b “Ukraine war: Mariupol defenders will fight to the end”. Radio New Zealand News. 17 April 2022.
• ^ Jump up to:^a b c Arraf, Jane; Nechepurenko, Ivan; Landler, Mark (19 April 2022). “Ukraine Says Russia Begins Assault in the East After Raining Missiles Nationwide”. The New York Times. Retrieved 20 April 2022.
• ^ “Russia bombards Kharkiv but Ukrainians having ‘tactical successes’, says Zelenskiy”. The Guardian. 30 April 2022.
• ^ “US official briefs on Russia’s war effort”. BBC. 2 May 2022.
• ^ Cherkasov, Alexander (26 June 2022). Люди, стрелявшие в наших отцов. Novaya Gazeta.
• ^ “Ukraine News: Kyiv Intensifies Attacks on Russian Positions in South”. The New York Times. 20 July 2022.
• ^“Russia prepares to deploy new strike force against Ukraine – Ukrainian Intelligence”. Ukrainska Pravda. 29 July 2022. Retrieved 27 August 2022.
  • “Russia forming 3rd Army Corps for war in Ukraine – ISW”. Ukrinform. 6 August 2022. Retrieved 27 August 2022.
• ^ Axe, David (15 September 2022). “The Russians Spent Months Forming A New Army Corps. It Lasted Days in Ukraine”. Forbes. Retrieved 19 September 2022 – via MSN.
  • “Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, September 18”. Institute for the Study of War. Retrieved 3 October 2022.
• ^ Harding, Luke; Koshiw, Isobel; McKernan, Bethan (13 April 2022). “Last marines defending Mariupol ‘running out of ammunition'”. The Guardian. Retrieved 15 April 2022.
• ^ Schreck, Adam (21 April 2022). “Putin claims victory in Mariupol despite steel-mill holdouts”. Associated Press News.
• ^ Prentice, Alessandra (28 April 2022). “U.N. chief Guterres calls for escape route from Mariupol ‘apocalypse'”. Reuters. Kyiv. Archived from the original on 29 April 2022. Retrieved 24 May 2022.
• ^ Balmforth, Tom; Hunder, Max; Prentice, Alessandra (1 May 2022). “Civilians flee Azovstal bunkers in evacuation led by U.N.” Yahoo News. Reuters. Retrieved 2 September 2024.
• ^ “Russia shells Mariupol plant with civilians still reported trapped”. Reuters. 3 May 2022. Archived from the original on 6 May 2022. Retrieved 9 May 2022.
• ^ Vasilyeva, Nataliya (5 May 2022). “Ukraine loses contact with Azovstal defenders as Russian troops storm steelworks”. The Daily Telegraph.
• ^ “‘All’ civilians have been evacuated from a besieged steel plant in Mariupol”. NPR. 7 May 2022. Retrieved 2 June 2022.
• ^ Koshiw, Isobel (8 May 2022). “‘Surrender is not an option’: Azov battalion commander in plea for help to escape Mariupol”. The Guardian.
• ^ Petrenko, Roman (8 May 2022). “Mariupol defenders tell how the commander of marines fled the city”. Yahoo News. Retrieved 2 June 2022.
• ^ Krasnolutska, Daryna; Champion, Marc (8 May 2022). “Mariupol Steel Plant’s ‘Dead Men’ Defenders Call for Rescue Plan”. Bloomberg News. Retrieved 2 June 2022.
• ^ Hopkins, Valerie; Nechepurenko, Ivan; and Santora, Marc (16 May 2022). “Ukrainian authorities declare an end to the combat mission in Mariupol after weeks of Russian siege”. The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 16 May 2022. Retrieved 16 May 2022.
• ^ Harrison, Virginia and agencies (17 May 2022). “Hundreds of Ukrainian troops evacuated from Mariupol steelworks after 82-day assault: Blow for Ukraine as removal of soldiers, many wounded, suggests city that became symbol of resistance has fallen into Russian hands”. The Guardian. Retrieved 17 May 2022.
• ^ “Azovstal siege ends as hundreds of Ukrainian fighters surrender”. Reuters. Mariupol. 17 May 2022. Archived from the original on 17 May 2022. Retrieved 17 May 2022.
• ^ Laizans, Janis; Piper, Elizabeth (8 April 2022). “Ukraine and allies blame Russia for strike on station that killed over 50”. Reuters. Kyiv. Archived from the original on 7 April 2022. Retrieved 8 April 2022.
• ^ Tebor, Celina; Lee, Ella (8 April 2022). “‘An evil without limits’: Dozens killed, injured in rocket strike on train station in eastern Ukraine: Live updates”. USA Today. Retrieved 8 April 2022.
• ^ “Tens of thousands feared dead in Mariupol”. NBC News. 11 April 2022. Retrieved 15 April 2022.
• ^ Bacon, John; Mansfield, Erin; Wadington, Katie; Santucci, Jeanine; Vanden Brook, Tom; and Tebor, Celina (10 April 2022). “EU to consider Ukraine membership in weeks; Russia warns of ‘direct military confrontation’ with US: April 10 recap”. USA Today. Archived from the original on 10 April 2022. Retrieved 28 May 2022.
• ^ Telford, Taylor; Timsit, Annabelle; Pietsch, Bryan; Duplain, Julian (10 April 2022). “As war enters bloody new phase, Ukraine again calls for more weapons”. The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 11 April 2022. Retrieved 23 May 2022.
• ^ Saric, Ivana (10 April 2022). “Satellite images: Russian military convoy heads south toward Donbas region”. Axios.
• ^ “Ukraine says ‘Battle of Donbas’ has begun, Russia pushing in east”. Reuters. 18 April 2022. Archived from the original on 18 April 2022. Retrieved 23 May 2022.
• ^ Murphy, Matt (23 May 2022). “Ukraine war: Russian assault on key Donbas city intensifies”. BBC. Archived from the original on 23 May 2022. Retrieved 26 May 2022.
• ^ “Russia seeking to capture Ukraine’s Lyman: separatist leader”. The Australian. 25 May 2022. ISSN 1038-8761. Archived from the original on 26 May 2022. Retrieved 15 June 2022.
• ^ “Russian forces have ‘upper hand’ in Donbas fighting, Ukrainian officials say”. The Guardian. 26 May 2022.
• ^ Markic, Igor. “Ucraina, Belgorod sotto attacco, ma i Russi stringono la morsa su Severodonetsk” [Ukraine, Belgorod under attack, but the Russians tighten their grip on Severodonetsk]. Rivista Italiana Difesa (in Italian). Coop Giornalistica La Riviera. Retrieved 22 May 2022.
• ^ “Donetsk region: occupying forces capture Svitlodarsk”. Yahoo News. Retrieved 24 May 2022.
• ^ “Russian troops enter outskirts of key city in eastern Ukraine’s Donbas”. NBC News. 30 May 2022. Retrieved 2 June 2022.
• ^ Thebault, Reis; Iati, Marisa; Timsit, Annabelle; Suliman, Adela; Pietsch, Bryan; Pannett, Rachel (2 June 2022). “Russia, U.S. trade barbs over weapons pledge; Severodonetsk on the brink”. The Washington Post. Retrieved 5 June 2022.
• ^ “Russia ‘suffering huge casualties’ as troops retreat: Ukraine”. Al Jazeera. 4 June 2022. Retrieved 5 June 2022.
• ^ “Ukraine war: Chemical plant hit as fighting rages in Severodonetsk”. BBC News. 12 June 2022. Retrieved 9 August 2022.
• ^ Sauer, Pjotr (12 June 2022). “Fighting in eastern Ukraine rages as Sievierodonetsk chemical plant hit”. The Guardian. Retrieved 9 August 2022.
• ^ Gibbons-Neff, Thomas; Stevis-Gridneff, Matina (13 June 2022). “Ukraine Allies Ponder Options As Cities Falter” (PDF). The New York Times. Vol. 59, 453 (Late, New York ed.). p. 1.
• ^ Hughes, Clyde (20 June 2022). “Russian troops capture key suburb near Severodonetsk after months of battle”. UPI.
• ^ Berlinger, Joshua; Lister, Tim (24 June 2022). “Ukraine to withdraw from key city of Severodonetsk as Russia’s advance grinds on”. CNN.
• ^ “Russia claims capture of pivotal city in eastern Ukraine”. CBS News. 3 July 2022.
• ^ Jones, Sam (4 July 2022). “Putin declares victory in Luhansk after fall of Lysychansk”. The Guardian.
• ^ Chaturvedi, Amit, ed. (14 April 2022). “Ukraine Military Claims It Blew Up A Bridge Destroying Russian Convoy”. NDTV. Retrieved 20 April 2022.
• ^ Axe, David (5 May 2022). “The Ukrainian Army Is On The Attack. This Is How The War With Russia Could End”. Forbes. Retrieved 26 May 2022.
• ^ Sommerville, Quentin (11 May 2022). “Ukraine war: Russia pushed back from Kharkiv—report from front line”. BBC. Archived from the original on 11 May 2022. Retrieved 27 May 2022.
• ^ Jump up to:^ab Hubenko, Dmytro (22 April 2022). “Russia eyes route to Trans-Dniester: What do we know?”. Deutsche Welle. Retrieved 1 October 2023.
  • “Russia plans to seize Donbas, southern Ukraine: Military official”. Al Jazeera. 22 April 2022. Retrieved 1 October 2023.
• ^ Gotev, Georgi (22 April 2022). “Russian general says Moscow aim is to leave Ukraine as a landlocked country”. Euractiv. Reuters.
• ^ “Russia renews Mariupol attack, missiles hit Odesa”. The Jerusalem Post. Reuters. 24 April 2022. Retrieved 1 October 2023.
• ^ Petrenko, Roman (26 April 2022). “New explosions in Transnistria: antennas broadcasting Russian radio channel destroyed”. Ukrainian Pravda. Retrieved 1 October 2023.
• ^ Al-Arshani, Sarah (30 April 2022). “A Russian missile strike damaged the runway of an airport in Odesa, rendering it unusable, Ukraine says”. Yahoo News. Retrieved 1 October 2023.
• ^ Latschan, Thomas (14 May 2022). “Ukraine and Russia fight intense battles for Snake Island”. Deutsche Welle. Retrieved 1 October 2022.
• ^ Jump up to:^ab“Minoborony ob”yavilo o vyvode voysk s ostrova Zmeinyy” Минобороны объявило о выводе войск с острова Змеиный [The Ministry of Defense announced the withdrawal of troops from Snake Island]. РБК (in Russian). 30 June 2022. Retrieved 1 October 2023.
  • Talmazan, Yuliya (1 October 2023). “All eyes are on the battle for the east. But the south might hold the key to Ukraine’s fate”. NBC News.
• ^“Russia, Ukraine seal grain deal in Istanbul”. Le Monde. 22 July 2022. Retrieved 2 August 2022.
  • Macias, Amanda (23 July 2022). “‘He simply cannot be trusted:’ World leaders slam Putin’s attack on Odesa following sea corridor deal”. CNBC. Retrieved 1 October 2023.
• ^ Kottasová, Ivana; Voitovych, Olga; Tarasova, Darya; Suri, Manveena; Khadder, Kareem; Pennington, Josh; Robertson, Nic (31 July 2022). “Ukrainian grain tycoon killed in Mykolaiv shelling as Putin threatens ‘lightning speed’ response to interference”. CNN News. Retrieved 1 October 2023.
• ^ “Russian rockets destroy airport in Ukrainian city of Dnipro”. Al Jazeera. 10 April 2022. Retrieved 1 October 2023.
• ^ Rai, Arpan; Bancroft, Holly (2 May 2022). “Mariupol steelworks shelling resumes as doctors describe dire bunker conditions”. Yahoo! News. Retrieved 2 June 2022.
• ^ Lewis, Simon (28 June 2022). “Dozens missing after Russian missile strike on mall kills 18”. Reuters.
• ^ “Russia accused of shelling from Zaporizhzhia nuclear plant in Ukraine”. France 24. 7 July 2022. Retrieved 13 August 2022.
• ^ Murphy, Francois (20 July 2023). “Russia yet to grant access to Zaporizhzhia nuclear reactor roofs, IAEA says”. Reuters. Retrieved 24 September 2023.
  • Mureephy, Matt (19 August 2022). “Ukraine war: Russia to allow inspectors at Zaporizhzhia nuclear plant – Putin”. BBC News. Retrieved 1 October 2023.
• ^ “Growing concern about Zaporizhzya NPP sparks international diplomacy”. Nuclear Engineering International. 22 August 2022. Retrieved 1 October 2023.
• ^ “UK, US Set Ultimatum Against Russia Due To Provocations At Zaporizhzhia NPP”. Charter 97. 20 August 2022.
• ^ “The West considers applying NATO’s Article 5 in response to possible accident at Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant”. Ukrainska Pravda. Retrieved 20 August 2022.
• ^ Jump up to:^a b Fairley, Peter (26 August 2022). “Fitful Ukrainian nuclear plant stokes powerful fears”. IEEE Spectrum. Retrieved 31 August 2022.
• ^ “Russian-held nuclear plant resumes power supply to Ukraine, two reactors connected”. Reuters. 26 August 2022. Retrieved 1 October 2023.
• ^ IAEA Imagebank (29 August 2022). “Lydie Evrard (02011236)”. Flickr. Retrieved 29 August 2022.
• ^ “Grossi: IAEA mission heading to Ukraine’s besieged nuclear plant”. La Prensa Latina Media. 29 August 2022. Retrieved 29 August 2022.
• ^ Jump up to:^ab Hird, Karolina; Barros, George; Philipson, Layne; Kagan, Frederick W. (6 September 2022). Russian offensive campaign assessment, September 6 (PDF) (Report). Institute for the Study of War. Retrieved 10 September 2022.
  • “Oleksandr Syrskyi, o coronel-general que está a orquestrar a contraofensiva na Ucrânia” [Oleksandr Syrskyi, the Colonel General who is orchestrating the counter-offensive in Ukraine]. Observador (in Portuguese).
  • Sauer, Pjotr; Koshiw, Isobel (8 September 2022). “Ukraine launches surprise counterattack in Kharkiv region”. The Guardian. Retrieved 10 September 2022.
• ^ Troianovski, Anton (12 September 2022). “Retreat Dents Image of a Might Putin” (PDF). The New York Times. Vol. 59544 (Late, New York ed.). p. 1.
  • Kramer, Andrew; Higgins, Andrew (12 September 2022). “An Emboldened Kyiv Wants More Arms” (PDF). The New York Times. Vol. 59544 (Late, New York ed.). Kharkiv, Ukraine. p. 1.
• ^“Putin calls up reservists, warns Russia will use ‘all means’ for defence”. France 24. 21 September 2022. Retrieved 21 September 2022.
  • Scott-Geddes, Arthur (21 September 2022). “Putin calls up 300,000 reservists in ‘partial mobilisation'”. The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 21 September 2022.
  • “Russia calls up 300,000 reservists, says 6,000 soldiers killed in Ukraine”. Reuters. 21 September 2022. Retrieved 21 September 2022.
• ^ “Ukraina odpowiada na orędzie Władimira Putina: Rosjanie dostali “prezent”” [Ukraine responds to Vladimir Putin’s message: Russians got a “gift”]. gazetapl (in Polish). 21 September 2022. Retrieved 21 September 2022.
• ^ Ellyatt, Holly (21 September 2022). “Russia’s Putin announces partial military mobilization”. CNBC. Retrieved 21 September 2022.
• ^ “‘We’re minor losses’: Russia’s mobilisation targets ethnic minorities”. Financial Times. 4 October 2022. Retrieved 3 November 2022.
• ^ “Ukraine war: Russia claims win in occupied Ukraine ‘sham’ referendums”. BBC News. 27 September 2022. Retrieved 29 September 2022.
• ^ Berlinger, Joshua; Chernova, Anna; Lister, Tim (30 September 2022). “Putin announces annexation of Ukrainian regions in defiance of international law”. CNN. Retrieved 26 January 2023.
  • Speri, Alice (8 October 2022). “Will Putin Face Prosecution for the Crime of Aggression in Ukraine?”. The Intercept. Retrieved 26 January 2023.
• ^ Trevelyan, Mark (30 September 2022). “Putin declares annexation of Ukrainian lands in Kremlin ceremony”. Reuters. Retrieved 30 September 2022.
• ^ Janowski, Tomasz, ed. (6 September 2022). “Factbox: Seven recommendations the IAEA makes in its Ukraine report”. Vienna: Reuters. Retrieved 6 September 2022.
  • “Nuclear Safety, Security and Safeguards in Ukraine: 28 April–5 September 2022” (PDF). IAEA. 6 September 2022. pp. 13–16, 46–48. Retrieved 6 September 2022.
• ^ “Zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant halts operations in Ukraine”. ABC News. 11 September 2022. Retrieved 11 September 2022.
• ^“Vladimir Putin calls blast on Crimea-Russia bridge an ‘act of terror'”. The Guardian. 9 October 2022. Retrieved 9 October 2022.
  • “Russian strikes kill 17 in Ukraine following bridge attack”. CNBC. 9 October 2022. Retrieved 10 October 2022.
  • “Scores killed and wounded in ‘Russian attack’ on Zaporizhzhia”. Euronews. 9 October 2022. Retrieved 9 October 2022.
• ^“Ukraine’s south is on the line as a major counteroffensive appears to be underway”. NBC News. Retrieved 31 August 2022.
  • “Ukraine says long-anticipated southern offensive has begun”. Reuters. 29 August 2022. Retrieved 29 August 2022.
  • “Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, August 29”. Institute for the Study of War. 29 August 2022. Retrieved 31 August 2022.
• ^ Asami, Terajima (4 September 2022). “Ukraine war latest: Ukraine liberates villages in south and east”. The Kyiv Independent. Retrieved 5 September 2022.
  • Gadzo, Mersiha; Ibrahim, Arwa (4 September 2022). “Ukraine-Russia live 4 September 2022”. Al Jazeera.
• ^ Dammers, Tobias (10 September 2022). “Gegenoffensive in Südukraine. “Je schneller vorbei, desto besser”” [Counteroffensive in southern Ukraine. “The quicker it’s over, the better”]. Tagesschau (in German). Retrieved 10 September 2022.
• ^ “Ukraine war: We retook 6,000 sq km from Russia in September, says Zelensky”. BBC. 12 September 2022. Retrieved 13 September 2022.
• ^ Peter, Laurence; Murphy, Matt (4 October 2022). “Ukraine makes breakthrough in south against Russia Published”. BBC News. Retrieved 10 October 2022.
• ^ “Ukraine says it recaptured 1,200 sq km of Kherson region in ongoing counteroffensive”. Reuters. 9 October 2022. Retrieved 10 October 2022.
• ^ Beaumont, Peter; Sauer, Pjotr (9 November 2022). “Russian troops ordered to retreat from Kherson in face of Ukrainian advance”. The Guardian. Retrieved 10 November 2022.
• ^ Kramer, Andrew E.; Santora, Marc (11 November 2022). “Russia-Ukraine War: Zelensky Hails ‘Historic Day’ as Ukrainian Troops Enter Kherson”. The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 11 November 2022.
• ^ Hird, Karolina; Mappes, Grace; Barros, George; Philipson, Layne; Clark, Mason (7 September 2022). “Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, September 7”. Institute for the Study of War. Retrieved 10 September 2022 – via understandingwar.org.
• ^ Stepanenko, Kateryna; Mappes, Grace; Barros, George; Philipson, Layne; Clark, Mason (8 September 2022). “Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, September 8”. Institute for the Study of War. Retrieved 10 September 2022 – via understandingwar.org.
• ^ Santora, Marc; Nechepurenko, Ivan; Hernandez, Marco (9 September 2022). “Ukraine Attacks Russia Along Northern Front, Swiftly Making Gains”. The New York Times. Retrieved 10 September 2022.
• ^ Osterman, Cynthia (9 September 2022). “Ukraine retakes settlements in Kharkiv advance – Russian-installed official”. Reuters. Retrieved 10 September 2022.
• ^ Lister, Tim; Kesaieva, Julia; Pennington, Josh (9 September 2022). “Russia sends reinforcements to Kharkiv as Ukrainians advance”. CNN. Retrieved 10 September 2022.
• ^ “Ukrainian troops liberate Kupiansk, Kharkiv oblast – media”. Euromaidan Press. 10 September 2022. Retrieved 10 September 2022.
• ^ “Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, September 9”. Archived from the original on 10 September 2022. Retrieved 10 September 2022.
• ^ Hunder, Max; Hnidyi, Vitalii (10 September 2022). “Russian grip on northeast Ukraine collapses after Kyiv severs supply line”. Reuters. Retrieved 10 September 2022.
• ^ “Ukraine continues to consolidate its control in Kharkiv area, UK says”. Reuters. 15 September 2022.
• ^ Balmforth, Tom; Polityuk, Pavel (1 October 2022). “Ukraine troops say they take key town, Putin ally mulls possible nuclear response”. Reuters. Retrieved 10 October 2022.
• ^ Jump up to:^a b c “Russia Takes Stock After Winter Offensive Fails to Deliver Gains”. 8 April 2023. Retrieved 26 April 2023.
• ^ Trofimov, Yaroslav. “Ukraine, Russia Gird for a Decisive Spring Campaign After a Bloody Winter”. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 26 April 2023.
• ^ Jump up to:^a b c Holder, Josh; Hernandez, Marco (6 April 2023). “How Russia’s Offensive Ran Aground”. The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 26 April 2023.
• ^ Galeotti, Mark (24 May 2023). “Ukraine’s next move: can Putin be outsmarted?”. The Spectator. Retrieved 25 May 2023.
• ^ Schwirtz, Michael; Addario, Lynsey (6 February 2023). “Outnumbered and Worn Out, Ukrainians in East Brace for Russian Assault”. The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 25 March 2023.
• ^ “The success of Russia’s mercenary group says something about Putin’s war”. 13 January 2023. Retrieved 26 April 2023.
• ^ Grove, Thomas (24 January 2023). “Fighting Intensifies in Southern Ukraine”. The Wall Street Journal. p. A6. ^“Ukraine Latest: Russia Makes ‘Incremental Gains’ Around Bakhmut”. Bloomberg.com. 22 January 2023. Retrieved 17 June 2023.
• ^ Santora, Marc (16 February 2023). “Moscow’s Military Capabilities Are in Question After Failed Battle for Ukrainian City”. The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 26 April 2023.
• ^ Kramer, Andrew E. (1 March 2023). “How Russia Lost an Epic Tank Battle, Repeating Earlier Mistakes”. The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 26 April 2023.
• ^ “Ukrainian military source: Russia controls administrative territory of Soledar”. The Kyiv Independent. 15 January 2023. Retrieved 16 January 2023.
• ^ “Ukraine confirms that Russia has taken control of disputed town of Soledar”. MSN. Retrieved 16 January 2023.
• ^“Russia Pours Fighters Into Battle for Bakhmut”. The New York Times. 1 February 2023.
  • Guerin, Orla (8 February 2023). “Ukraine war: Borrowed time for Bakhmut as Russians close in”. BBC News. Retrieved 10 February 2023.
  • Engel, Richard (9 February 2023). “Ukraine’s defiant city struggles to hold out as Russia pushes for a bloody victory”. CBS News. Retrieved 10 February 2023.
• ^ “Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, March 3, 2023”. Institute for the Study of War. Retrieved 17 June 2023.
• ^“Bakhmut: Fighting in the street but Russia not in control – deputy mayor”. BBC News. 4 March 2023. Retrieved 4 March 2023.
  • Badshah, Nadeem; Clinton, Jane; Gerts, Mark (4 March 2023). “As it happened: street fighting in Bakhmut as battle rages for control of the city”. The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 4 March 2023.
• ^ “Ukraine’s top generals want to keep defending Bakhmut, as Russian fighters demand more ammunition”. The New York Times. 7 March 2023.
• ^ Pennington, Josh (26 March 2023). “Wagner in ‘full control’ of AZOM plant in Bakhmut, reports Russian state media”. CNN.
• ^ Britzky, Haley (29 March 2023). “Battle for Bakhmut has turned into a “slaughter-fest for the Russians,” top US general says”. CNN. Retrieved 11 April 2023., and Russia is ‘getting hammered’: Top US general on Bakhmut battle, CNN, 30 March 2023 (accessed 11 April 2023).
• ^ Hird, Karolina; Mappes, Grace; Wolkov, Nicole; Philipson, Layne; Kagan, Frederick W. “Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, May 3, 2023”. Institute for the Study of War. Archived from the original on 4 May 2023. Retrieved 4 May 2023.
• ^ Santora, Marc; Hicks, Tyler (17 May 2023). “Gains Near Bakhmut Raise Ukraine’s Hopes of a Turning Tide”. The New York Times. ISSN0362-4331. Retrieved 18 May 2023.
  • Olearchyk, Roman (10 May 2023). “Ukraine claims successful counterattack close to Bakhmut”. Financial Times. Retrieved 18 May 2023.
• ^ Stepanenko, Kateryna (24 May 2023). “The Kremlin’s Pyrrhic Victory in Bakhmut: A Retrospective on the Battle for Bakhmut”. Institute for the Study of War.
• ^ Bailey, Riley; Mappes, Grace; Hird, Karolina; and Kagan, Frederick W. (3 June 2023). “Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, June 3, 2023”. Institute for the Study of War.
• ^“Ukrainian military begins counteroffensive to oust Russian occupiers”. The Washington Post. 8 June 2023. Retrieved 9 June 2023.
  • “Ukraine begins counteroffensive against Russia, officials say”. abc. 8 June 2023. Retrieved 9 June 2023.
  • “Ukraine launches counteroffensive against Russia”. nbc. 8 June 2023. Retrieved 9 June 2023.
• ^“Ukraine army attacks Russian forces in southern Zaporizhzhia region”. BBC News. 9 June 2023. Retrieved 9 June 2023.
  • “Intense fighting reported as Ukrainian forces go on attack south of Zaporizhzhia”. The Guardian. 8 June 2023. Retrieved 9 June 2023.
  • “Ukraine counteroffensive: Kyiv claims gains in Bakhmut”. Politico. 8 June 2023. Retrieved 9 June 2023.
• ^ “Ukraine counteroffensive ramps up, but meets stiff Russian resistance”. Politico. 9 June 2023. Retrieved 9 June 2023.
• ^ “Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, June 8, 2023”. ISW. 8 June 2023. Retrieved 9 June 2023.
• ^ Balmforth, Tom (12 June 2023). “Ukraine claims new gains in early phase of counteroffensive”. Reuters. Retrieved 13 June 2023.
• ^ Smilianets, Vladyslav (26 August 2023). “Ukraine will speed up advance on southern front, commander says”. Retrieved 27 August 2023.
• ^ Jump up to:^a b “Russian mercenaries’ short-lived revolt could have long-term consequences for Putin”. Associated Press. 25 June 2023. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
• ^ “‘There’s nobody on earth who can stop them’ What Wagner Group veterans have to say about Yevgeny Prigozhin’s armed rebellion”. Meduza. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
• ^ Maynes, Charles (24 June 2023). “Wagner Group chief says his mercenaries will halt their march on Moscow”. NPR.
• ^ “Ukraine in maps: Tracking the war with Russia”. BBC News. 1 July 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
• ^“Ukraine desperate for help clearing mines, says defence minister”. The Guardian. 13 August 2023. Retrieved 12 September 2023.
  • “In Ukraine with the minesweepers: ‘At times, it took me four days to clear 150 meters, there was no other option'”. Le Monde. 7 September 2023. Retrieved 12 September 2023.
• ^ Waterhouse, James (4 August 2023). “Russian ship hit in Novorossiysk, Black Sea drone attack, Ukraine sources say”. BBC News. Retrieved 13 September 2023.
  • “Russian navy vessel damaged in drone attack – Ukrainian source”. Reuters. 4 August 2023. Retrieved 23 September 2023.
• ^ Balmforth, Tom (13 September 2023). “Ukraine hits Russian naval targets in major Crimea attack”. Reuters. Retrieved 13 September 2023.
• ^ Santora, Marc (12 September 2023). “Ukraine Strikes the Headquarters of Russia’s Black Sea Fleet in Crimea”. The New York Times. Retrieved 13 September 2023.
• ^
  • “Russia concentrated over 420,000 troops in Ukraine – Main Intelligence Directorate MoD” (in Ukrainian). Interfax Ukraine. 9 September 2023.
  • “Military intelligence: More than 420,000 Russian soldiers deployed across occupied territories”. The Kyiv Independent. 10 September 2023. Retrieved 23 September 2023.
• ^ “As Russia hits Ukraine’s energy facilities with a deadly missile attack, fear mounts over nuclear plants”. CBS News. 21 September 2023. Retrieved 25 September 2023.
• ^“Ukraine to receive US long-range ATACMS missiles, US media report”. Al Jazeera. Retrieved 23 September 2023.
  • DeYoung, Karen; Hudson, John (22 September 2023). “U.S. will send Ukraine long-range missiles, after delay”. The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 23 September 2023.
• ^ Kube, Courtney; Tsirkin, Julie; Alba, Monica; Gutierrez, Gabe (22 September 2023). “Biden tells Zelenskyy U.S. sending Ukraine ATACMS”. NBC News. Retrieved 23 September 2023.
• ^ Stern, David L. (22 September 2023). “Ukraine hits headquarters of Russia’s Black Sea Fleet in Sevastopol”. The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 25 September 2023.
• ^ Kilner, James (23 September 2023). “Russian commanders killed in Storm Shadow missile strike”. The Daily Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved 25 September 2023.
• ^ “Inside Ukraine’s covert Center 73, where clandestine missions shape the war,” 25 December 2023, Associated Press on ABC News, retrieved 26 December 2023
• ^ “Ukrainian Marines on ‘Suicide Mission’ in Crossing the Dnipro River,” 16 December 2023, New York Times, retrieved 26 December 2023
• ^ Jump up to:^a b Page, Lewis (12 November 2023). “Ukraine’s counteroffensive has failed — here’s why”. The Telegraph. Retrieved 12 December 2023.
• ^ “Zelenskyy on liberation: Crimea is waiting, but it will be mentally harder with Donbas”. Ukrainska Pravda.
• ^ Cooper, Helene; Schmitt, Eric (11 December 2023). “U.S. and Ukraine Seek New Strategy for War’s Next Phase”. The New York Times. Retrieved 12 December 2023.
• ^ Jaffe, Greg; Ryan, Missy (4 December 2023). “Ukraine’s counteroffensive stalls amid Russian defenses”. The Washington Post. Retrieved 12 December 2023.
• ^ Cole, Brendan (26 October 2023). “Mutiny is brewing in the Russian army”. Newsweek. Retrieved 27 October 2023.
• ^ “Russia ramping up attacks in eastern Ukrainian town of Avdiivka”. France 24. 29 November 2023. Retrieved 12 December 2023.
• ^ Lukiv, Jaroslav (17 February 2024). “Avdiivka: Ukraine troops leaving embattled eastern town”. BBC News. Archived from the original on 17 February 2024. Retrieved 17 February 2024.
• ^ Walker, Shaun (17 February 2024). “Ukrainian forces withdraw from Avdiivka to avoid encirclement, army chief says”. The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 17 February 2024. Retrieved 17 February 2024.
• ^ “Avdiivka, Longtime Stronghold for Ukraine, Falls to Russians”. New York Times. 17 February 2024. Archived from the original on 17 February 2024. Retrieved 17 February 2024.
• ^ “Ukraine withdrawing from Avdiivka, where outnumbered defenders held out for 4 months”. ABC News. 17 February 2024. Archived from the original on 17 February 2024. Retrieved 17 February 2024.
• ^ Axe, David (8 March 2024). “Russian Regiments Collide With Ukraine’s Rebuilt Defensive Line—And Lose 80 Vehicles In One Day”. Forbes. Retrieved 13 April 2024.
• ^ Watling, Jack (19 February 2024). “The Peril of Ukraine’s Ammo Shortage”. Time. Retrieved 19 April 2024.
• ^ Kullab, Samya and Morton, Elise (25 May 2024). “Zelenskyy says Ukraine has taken back control in areas of Kharkiv region, aerial attacks continue”. AP News. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
• ^ Mayer, Daryna and Talmazan, Yuliya (17 May 2024). “Ukraine halts Russia’s advance and unleashes a wave of drones on Crimea”. NBC News. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
• ^ Dress, Brad (7 June 2024). “US says Russia’s advance on Kharkiv is ‘all but over'”. The Hill. Retrieved 12 June 2024.
• ^ Barnes, Joe (24 April 2024). “Russian troops advance five miles after Ukrainians left front line unmanned”. The Telegraph.
• ^ Harward, Christina; Evans, Angelica; Stepanenko, Kateryna; Kagan, Frederick W. (4 May 2024). “Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, May 4, 2024”. Institute for the Study of War. Retrieved 5 May 2024.
• ^ Santora, Marc (14 May 2024). “How One Crack in the Line Opened a Path for the Russians”. The New York Times.
• ^ “Frontline report: Ukrainian troops in Chasiv Yar face extensive bombing and numerous attacks”. Euromaidan Press. 7 April 2024.
• ^ “Ukraine army retreats from part of strategic Chasiv Yar as Russia advances”. Al Jazeera. 4 July 2024.
• ^ “Russia claims control of part of Chasiv Yar, Ukraine reports heavy fighting”. Reuters. 4 July 2024.
• ^ Stepanenko, Kateryna; Evans, Angelica; Hird, Karolina; Harward, Christina; Barros, George (18 July 2024). “Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, July 18, 2024”. Institute for the Study of War. Retrieved 19 July 2024.
• ^ Struck, Julia (7 July 2024). “Russians Advance on Toretsk, Ukrainian Troops Battle on Town’s Approaches”. Kyiv Post.
• ^ Evans, Angelica; Wolkov, Nicole; Harward, Christina; Hird, Karolina; Barros, George (21 June 2024). “Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, June 21, 2024”. Institute for the Study of War. Retrieved 13 July 2024.
• ^ “The fall of Prohres : A new Russian breakthrough threatens Ukraine’s supply lines at the most vulnerable part of the front”. Meduza. 26 July 2024.
• ^ Bailey, Riley; Evans, Angelica; Wolkov, Nicole; Harward, Christina; Barros, George; Gasparyan, Davit (19 July 2024). “Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, July 19, 2024”. Institute for the Study of War. Retrieved 19 July 2024.
• ^ Méheut, Constant (7 August 2024). “Ukraine Launches Rare Cross-Border Ground Assault Into Russia”. The New York Times. Archived from the original on 8 August 2024.
• ^ Farrell, Francis (8 August 2024). “Ukraine’s unprecedented attack on Kursk Oblast brings war back to Russian soil”. Kyiv Independent.
• ^ Méheut, Constant (15 August 2024). “Ukraine Captures Russian Town, Zelensky Says”. The New York Times.
• ^ “Ukraine’s swift push into the Kursk region shocked Russia and exposed its vulnerabilities”. Associated Press. 16 August 2024.
• ^ Lister, Tim; Brennan, Eve; Goodwin, Allegra (17 August 2024). “How Ukraine turned the war on its head with surprise attack on southern Russia”. CNN. Retrieved 18 August 2024.
• ^ Jump up to:^a b O’Grady, Siobhán; Burianova, Tetiana; Morgunov, Serhiy (31 August 2024). “Ukraine’s gamble in Russia has yet to slow Moscow’s eastern assault”. The Washington Post.
• ^ Jump up to:^a b Miller, Christopher (30 August 2024). “Volodymyr Zelenskyy faces backlash over Russia’s breach of eastern defences”. FT. Archived from the original on 31 August 2024. Retrieved 31 August 2024.
• ^ Khurshudyan, Isabelle; Galouchka, Anastacia; Morgunov, Serhiy (22 August 2024). “Ukrainians cheer push into Russia but fear it comes at the cost of the east”. The Washington Post.
• ^ “The Kremlin is close to crushing Pokrovsk, a vital Ukrainian town”. The Economist. 22 August 2024.
• ^ “Moscow sees one of Ukraine’s largest drone attacks as fighting rages in Kursk and eastern Ukraine”. Associated Press. 22 August 2024. The gains in Kursk come as Ukraine continues to lose ground in the eastern industrial region of Donbas.
• ^ Hird, Karolina; Evans, Angelica; Wolkov, Nicole; Mappes, Grace; Zehrung, Haley (10 September 2024). “Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, September 10, 2024”. Institute for the Study of War. Retrieved 10 September 2024. Geolocated footage posted on September 9 indicates that Russian forces seized Krasnohorivka […] The Russian MoD also claimed that Russian forces seized Krasnohorivka, consistent with the available geolocated evidence.
• ^ Jump up to:^a b Méheut, Constant (18 September 2024). “Russia Seizes Eastern Town as Ukraine Says It Hit a Big Ammunition Depot”. The New York Times. Archived from the original on 18 September 2024. Retrieved 18 September 2024.
• ^ “Russian forces storming east Ukrainian town of Vuhledar, bloggers and media say”. Reuters. 24 September 2024.
• ^ Kilner, James (1 October 2024). “Russia secures biggest victory since February as it captures Ukrainian stronghold”. The Daily Telegraph.
• ^ Harding, Luke (2 October 2024). “Ukraine says its forces have withdrawn from defensive bastion of Vuhledar”. The Guardian. Retrieved 9 October 2024.
• ^ Kilner, James; Hardaker, Daniel (30 October 2024). “Ukraine’s front line is ‘crumbling’ against Russian advances, says general”. The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 7 November 2024.
• ^ Barnes, Julian E.; Schmitt, Eric; Cooper, Helene; Barker, Kim (1 November 2024). “As Russia Advances, U.S. Fears Ukraine Has Entered a Grim Phase”. New York Times. Archived from the original on 4 November 2024.
• ^ Sabbagh, Dan (16 May 2022). “Putin involved in war ‘at level of colonel or brigadier’, say western sources”. The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
• ^ Shuster, Simon (26 September 2022). “Inside the Ukrainian Counterstrike That Turned the Tide of the War”. Time. Retrieved 10 September 2023.
• ^ Jump up to:^a b “Russia’s War in Ukraine: Military and Intelligence Aspects”. Congressional Research Service. 13 February 2023. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
• ^ Hodge, Nathan (11 April 2022). “Russia has appointed a new general for Ukraine. Can Moscow reboot its war in time for Putin to claim a victory?”. CNN.
• ^ “The Russians may be learning from the mistakes of the Ukraine war. But are they adapting fast enough?”. ABC. 10 September 2023. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
• ^ Deliso, Meredith (8 May 2022). “Why Russia has suffered the loss of an ‘extraordinary’ number of generals”. ABC News. Retrieved 26 June 2023.
• ^ Insinna, Valerie (19 September 2022). “It took ‘couple of months’ to put US anti-radiation missiles on Ukrainian fighters, USAF reveals”. Breaking Defense. Retrieved 26 December 2022.
• ^ Meilhan, Pierre; Roth, Richard (22 October 2022). “Ukrainian military says 18 Russian cruise missiles destroyed amid attacks on energy infrastructure”. CNN. Retrieved 26 December 2022.
• ^ “UN: Russian attacks on Ukraine’s energy system have killed 77 civilians since Oct. 10”. The Kyiv Independent. 25 November 2022. Retrieved 26 December 2022.
• ^ “Ukraine battles to restore power as millions face blackouts”. Al Jazeera. Retrieved 26 December 2022.
• ^“Three dead in explosions at Russian airbases”. english.nv.ua. Retrieved 11 February 2023.
  • “Three killed in second attack on Engels base deep inside Russia”. CNBC. 26 December 2022. Retrieved 11 February 2023.
• ^ “Russian Navy Day Celebrations Canceled In Crimea’s Sevastopol After Reported Drone Attack”. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 31 July 2022. Retrieved 23 August 2022.
• ^ Cheetham, Joshua (11 August 2022). “Ukraine war: Crimea airbase badly damaged, satellite images show”. BBC News. Retrieved 6 September 2022.
• ^ Sands, Leo (7 September 2022). “Saky airfield: Ukraine claims Crimea blasts responsibility after denial”. BBC News. Retrieved 12 September 2022.
• ^ Galeotti, Mark. “Ukraine’s Crimean strike marks a new stage of the war”. The Spectator. Retrieved 19 August 2022.
• ^ Kirby, Paul (16 August 2022). “Ukraine war: Russia blames sabotage for new Crimea blasts”. BBC News. Retrieved 19 August 2022.
• ^ Graham-Harrison, Emma (19 August 2022). “Fires and explosions reported at military targets in Russia and Crimea”. The Guardian. Retrieved 19 August 2022.
• ^ Kramer, Andrew E.; Schwirtz, Michael (11 October 2022) [8 October 2022]. “Explosion on 12-Mile Crimea Bridge Kills 3”. The New York Times. eISSN 1553-8095. ISSN 0362-4331. OCLC 1645522. Archived from the original on 8 October 2022. Retrieved 8 October 2022.
• ^ Pennington, Josh; Stambaugh, Alex (16 July 2023). “Emergency incident reported on bridge linking Crimea with Russia”. CNN. Archived from the original on 17 July 2023. Retrieved 16 July 2023.
• ^ “Russia launches another major missile attack on Ukraine”. Associated Press News. 16 December 2022. Retrieved 17 December 2022.
• ^ Impelli, Matthew (6 October 2022). “Half of Russia’s Iranian-made drones obliterated in one week: Ukraine”. Newsweek. Archived from the original on 17 December 2022. Retrieved 17 December 2022.
• ^ “Russia names new commander of its forces engaged in Ukraine”. Alarabiya. 8 October 2022. Archived from the original on 30 October 2022. Retrieved 8 October 2022.
• ^ Warrick, Joby; Nakashima, Ellen; Harris, Shane (16 October 2022). “Iran plans to send missiles, drones to Russia for Ukraine war, officials say”. The Washington Post.
• ^ “Ukraine war: US says Iranian drones breach sanctions”. BBC News. 18 October 2022.
• ^ Jump up to:^a b Kennedy, Niamh; Mahmoodi, Negar; Kottasová, Ivana; Raine, Andrew (16 October 2022). “Iran denies supplying Russia with weapons for use in Ukraine”. CNN. Archived from the original on 12 September 2023. Retrieved 18 October 2022.
• ^ “European countries urge UN probe of Iran drones in Ukraine”. France 24. Agence France-Presse. 22 October 2022. Retrieved 5 November 2022.
• ^ Atwood, Kylie (1 November 2022). “Iran is preparing to send additional weapons including ballistic missiles to Russia to use in Ukraine, western officials say”. CNN. Retrieved 29 November 2022.
• ^ “Barrage of Russian missiles causes blackouts across Ukraine: Ukraine’s energy minister says the wave of attacks was the biggest bombardment of power facilities in war so far”. AlJazeera. 17 November 2022.
• ^ Atwood, Kylie (21 November 2022). “Russia to build attack drones for Ukraine war with the help of Iran, intelligence assessment says”. CNN. Retrieved 29 November 2022.
• ^ Sanger, David (29 December 2022). “US tries to stop Iran from giving drones to Russia” (PDF). The New York Times. p. 1.
• ^ Rosenberg, Steve (1 January 2023). “Ukraine war: New year in Putin’s Russia – nothing is normal”. BBC News.
  • Kramer, Andrew E.; Troianovski, Anton (1 January 2023). “Deadly Year in Ukraine Ends With a Big Assault”. The New York Times. pp. 1.
• ^ Kramer, Andrew E. (10 March 2023). “Russia Fires Hypersonic Missiles in Largest Air Assault in Weeks”. The New York Times.
• ^ “UK Defense Ministry: Russia’s strategy of attacking Ukraine’s critical infrastructure becoming less effective”. The Kyiv Independent. The Kyiv Independent news. 1 December 2022.
• ^ Cranny-Evans, Sam (24 June 2024). “Bracing for the Hardest Winter: Protecting Ukraine’s Energy Infrastructure”. Royal United Services Institute.
• ^ “Russian Missile Identified in Kyiv Children’s Hospital Attack”. 9 July 2024.
• ^ “Russian missile attack on Ukraine’s largest hospital complicates treatment of kids with cancer”. 11 July 2024.
• ^ “Ukrainian children’s hospital attacked as Russian strikes on cities kill at least 43”. 8 July 2024.
• ^ “Children’s hospital hit as Russian strikes kill dozens in Ukraine”. www.bbc.com.
• ^ “Russian airstrikes kill at least 41 in Ukraine, damage Kyiv children’s hospital”.
• ^ “Russia bombs children’s hospital as missiles kill dozens across Ukraine”. 8 July 2024.
• ^“Russia cancelled Black Sea passage bid of four warships: Turkey”. Al Jazeera. 2 March 2022. Retrieved 29 March 2022.
  • Tavsan, Sinan (2 March 2022). “Turkey rejects Russia’s request for navy ships to pass Bosporus”. Nikkei Asia. Retrieved 17 March 2022.
  • “Turkey to implement pact limiting Russian warships to Black Sea”. Reuters. 28 February 2022. Retrieved 17 March 2022.
• ^ Boruah, Manash Pratim; Karle, Prathamesh; Tringham, Kate (25 February 2022). “Russian attacks on Ukraine’s coast threaten loss of key naval bases as well as critical shipbuilding facilities”. Jane’s Defence Weekly.
• ^ “Russian Navy Captures Ukraine’s Outpost on Snake Island”. The Maritime Executive. 24 February 2022. Archived from the original on 25 February 2022. Retrieved 25 February 2022.
• ^ Lister, Tim; Pennington, Josh (24 February 2022). “February 24, 2022 Russia-Ukraine news”. CNN. Entry: Audio emerges appearing to be of Ukrainian fighters defending island from Russian warship. Archived from the original on 25 February 2022. Retrieved 25 February 2022.
  • “”Russkyy korablʹ, ydy na kh.y!”: zakhysnyky Zmiyinoho vidpovily vorohovi” “Русский корабль, иди на х.й!”: захисники Зміїного відповіли ворогові [‘Russian ship, go on f.y!’: Defenders of the Serpent responded to the enemy]. Ukrainska Pravda (in Ukrainian). Archived from the original on 25 February 2022. Retrieved 25 February 2022.
• ^ Visontay, Elias (25 February 2022). “Ukraine soldiers told Russian officer ‘go fuck yourself’ before they died on island”. The Guardian. Archived from the original on 25 February 2022. Retrieved 25 February 2022.
• ^ Hodge, Nathan; Cotovio, Vasco; Lieberman, Oren (26 February 2022). “Pentagon denies Russia’s claim that it’s “highly likely” US used surveillance drones to help Ukrainian navy”. CNN. Archived from the original on 27 February 2022.
• ^ Evans, Michael. “Ukraine scuttles its flagship frigate as the Russians close in”. The Times. Retrieved 4 March 2022.
  • “Frehat Ukrayiny “Hetʹman Sahaydachnyy” vyvedenyy z ladu” Фрегат України “Гетьман Сагайдачний” виведений з ладу [The frigate of Ukraine “Hetman Sagaidachny” is out of order] (in Ukrainian). Armed Forces of Ukraine. 4 March 2022. Retrieved 28 March 2022.
  • “Hetman Sahaidachny frigate, being under repair, flooded not to get to enemy – Reznikov”. Interfax Ukraine. Retrieved 4 March 2022.
• ^ Polityuk, Pavel; Heritage, Timothy (24 March 2022). Heavens, Andrew (ed.). “Ukraine says it has destroyed a large Russian landing ship”. Reuters. Retrieved 24 March 2022.
• ^ Saul, Jonathan (12 March 2022). “UN to work on safe corridor for ships stranded by Ukraine conflict”. Reuters. Retrieved 22 May 2022.
• ^ Pedrozo, Raul (12 April 2022). “Ukraine Symposium – Maritime Exclusion Zones in Armed Conflicts”. West Point. United States Military Academy. Retrieved 22 May 2022.
• ^ “Communication from the Government of the Russian Federation” (PDF). Mission of the Russian Federation to the IMO. International Maritime Organization. 28 March 2022. Circular Letter No.4543. Retrieved 8 June 2022.
• ^ “Maritime Security and Safety in the Black Sea and Sea of Azov”. International Maritime Organization. Retrieved 22 May 2022.
• ^ “Russia-Ukraine war latest: Ukraine PM to head to Washington; Russian warship sunk by Ukraine missile strike, say US officials – live”. The Guardian. 16 April 2022. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 16 April 2022.
• ^ “Russia confirms severe damage to Black Sea Fleet Flagship Moskva, Crew Abandoned Ship”. The Free Press Journal. 14 April 2022. Retrieved 14 April 2022.
• ^ Forgey, Quint (14 April 2022). “Pentagon confirms explosion aboard Russian warship”. Politico. Retrieved 14 April 2022.
• ^ “Russian warship Moskva has sunk – state media”. BBC News. 14 April 2022. Retrieved 14 April 2022.
• ^ Polityuk, Pavel; Piper, Elizabeth (15 April 2022). “Ukraine says fighting rages in Mariupol, blasts rattle Kyiv”. Reuters.
• ^ Ohanes, Gasia (14 May 2022). “Did US intelligence-sharing with Ukraine cross a line?”. Deutsche Welle.
• ^ “US intelligence helped Ukraine sink Russia’s flagship cruiser Moskva”. ABC News. 6 May 2022.
• ^ “Lavrov said Russians would let through ships carrying grain if Ukraine demined ports”. Yahoo! News. Ukrainska Pravda. 31 May 2022. Retrieved 1 June 2022.
• ^ Talmazan, Yuliya (30 June 2022). “All eyes are on the battle for the east. But the south might hold the key to Ukraine’s fate”. NBC News.
• ^ Osborn, Andrew and Max Hunder: “Ukraine strikes Russian naval landing warship, Moscow admits damage,”, 26 December 2023, Reuters; video and transcript on YouTube; also at NBC News as “Ukraine strikes Russian naval landing warship in Crimea,” retrieved 26 December 2023
• ^ Dorgan, Michael: “Ukraine missile attack strikes Russian warship in Crimea, killing at least 1: The landing ship, called Novocherkassk, was hit at a base in the city of Feodosia by plane-launched guided missiles, the Russian ministry said,” 26 December 2023, Fox News, retrieved 26 December 2023
• ^ Lovett, Ian: “Ukraine Strikes Russian Warship in Crimea, in Another Blow to Moscow’s Black Sea Fleet: Kyiv shows it can land blows deep behind Russian lines as the ground war edges toward stalemate,”, 26 December 2023, The Wall Street Journal, retrieved 26 December 2023
• ^ “Watch: Ukraine sinks Russian warship in Black Sea drone strike”. The Telegraph. 1 February 2024. Retrieved 1 February 2024.
• ^ Greenall, Robert (1 February 2024). “Ukraine ‘hits Russian missile boat Ivanovets in Black Sea'”. BBC Home. Retrieved 1 February 2024.
• ^ Goryashko, Sergey (14 February 2024). “Ukraine sinks Russian ship off Crimean coast”. Politico. Retrieved 14 February 2024.
• ^ Tom Balmforth, Pavel Polityuk (14 February 2024). “Ukraine says it sank Russian large landing warship in Black Sea”. Reuters. Retrieved 14 February 2024.
• ^ Raghavan, Sudarsan; O’Grady, Siobhán; Shefte, Whitney; Khudov, Kostiantyn (28 February 2022). “In a Kyiv under siege, neighbors dig trenches and raise barriers to brace for Russian assault”. The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. OCLC 2269358. Archived from the original on 1 March 2022. Retrieved 30 May 2022.
• ^ Kirby, Jen (3 March 2022). “The other members of Ukraine’s resistance”. Vox. Retrieved 10 March 2022.
• ^ Doubek, James (1 March 2022). “Road signs direct expletives at the Russian military”. NPR.
• ^ Bella, Timothy (26 February 2022). “Ukrainian agency, urging removal of road signs, posts fake photo with a colorful message for Russia”. The Washington Post.
• ^ Jump up to:^a b c Hunter, Daniel (1 March 2022). “How Ukrainian Civilians Are Resisting Military Force”. YES! Magazine. Retrieved 8 March 2022.
• ^ Motyl, Alexander J. (12 April 2022). “Russians Likely to Encounter Growing Guerrilla Warfare in Ukraine”. Foreign Policy. Retrieved 13 April 2022.
• ^“Ukrainian Civilians Take On Russian Invaders With Words And Deeds”. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 28 February 2022. Retrieved 8 March 2022.
  • Schwirtz, Michael; Santora, Marc; Hill, Evan; Cardia, Alexander (5 March 2022). “Ukrainian protesters take to the streets in occupied Kherson”. The New York Times. ISSN 1553-8095. OCLC 1645522. Archived from the original on 5 March 2022. Retrieved 8 March 2022.
• ^ Murphy, Paul P.; Lister, Tim; Mezzofiore, Gianluca; and Voitovych, Olga (5 March 2022). “Ukrainian authorities accuse Russians of opening fire on civilian protest”. CNN International. Retrieved 8 March 2022.
• ^ “Ordinary Ukrainians are resisting Vladimir Putin’s occupying force in Kherson and elsewhere”. The Economist. 9 March 2022. Retrieved 10 March 2022.
• ^ Judah, Tim (10 April 2022). “How Kyiv was saved by Ukrainian ingenuity as well as Russian blunders”. Financial Times.
• ^ “Zelensky: 700,000 soldiers defending Ukraine now”. The Kyiv Independent. 21 May 2022. Retrieved 2 June 2022.
• ^ Cyuzuzo, Samba (18 September 2022). “Ukraine troops leave DR Congo peacekeeping mission Monusco”. BBC News. Retrieved 26 September 2022.
• ^ Jump up to:^ab Melander, Ingrid; Gabriela, Baczynska (24 February 2022). “EU targets Russian economy after ‘deluded autocrat’ Putin invades Ukraine”. Reuters. Archived from the original on 26 February 2022. Retrieved 26 February 2022.
  • “Western Countries Agree To Add Putin, Lavrov To Sanctions List”. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 25 February 2022. Archived from the original on 26 February 2022. Retrieved 26 February 2022.
• ^ Funakoshi, Minami; Lawson, Hugh; Deka, Kannaki (9 March 2022). “Tracking sanctions against Russia”. Reuters. Retrieved 28 May 2022.
• ^ “NATO’s response to Russia’s invasion of Ukraine”. NATO. Retrieved 27 October 2022.
• ^ “Ukraine aid: Where the money is coming from, in 4 charts”. CNN. 20 March 2024.
• ^ “$113 billion: Where the US investment in Ukraine aid has gone”. CNN. 21 September 2023.
• ^ Jump up to:^a b c “How Much U.S. Aid Is Going to Ukraine?”. Council on Foreign Relations. 27 September 2024.
• ^ “How America’s Aid to Ukraine Actually Works”. Lawfare. 16 July 2024.
• ^ Davis, Charles R. (24 January 2023). “Ukraine is burning through artillery shells. Now the US is increasing production by 500%. 90,000 155 mm howitzer shells per month”.
• ^ LeBlanc, Paul (28 February 2022). “Why the US isn’t sending troops into Ukraine”. CNN. Retrieved 20 April 2022.
• ^ Méheut, Constant; Breeden, Aurelien (26 February 2024). “Macron Does Not Rule Out Sending Western Troops to Ukraine”. The New York Times.
• ^ Mills, Claire (12 May 2024). “Military assistance to Ukraine since the Russian invasion”. House of Commons Library.
• ^ Volkmann-Schluck, Philip (18 January 2023). “Bulgaria to the rescue: How the EU’s poorest country secretly saved Ukraine”. Politico. Retrieved 18 January 2023.
• ^ Picheta, Rob (21 September 2023). “Poland says it will stop arming Ukraine. How did we get here – and what does it mean for the war”. CNN. Retrieved 21 September 2023.
  • “Grain spat drags Ukraine’s ties with ally Poland to lowest point since start of Russian invasion”. AP News. 20 September 2023. Retrieved 21 September 2023.
• ^ “How India Profits From Its Neutrality in the Ukraine War”. The New York Times. 22 June 2023.
• ^ Brunnstrom, David (19 September 2024). “Ammunition from India enters Ukraine, raising Russian ire”. Reuters. Retrieved 30 September 2024.
• ^ “Russia accuses Nato of ‘proxy war’ in Ukraine as US hosts crucial defence summit”. The Guardian. 26 April 2022.
• ^ Dickinson, Peter (17 September 2014). “Putin is becoming entangled in his own discredited red lines”. Atlantic Council.
• ^ “Putin says Ukraine would last ‘a week’ if Western military support stops”. Al Jazeera English. 6 October 2023. Archived from the original on 16 February 2024. Retrieved 21 February 2024.
• ^ “Lukashenko: Belarus willing to offer more help to Russia”. AP News. 31 January 2023. Retrieved 26 April 2023.
• ^ “Почему российские “шахеды” залетают в Беларусь и чем это опасно для Украины”. BBC News Русская служба (in Russian). 23 July 2024. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
• ^ Lozka, Katsiaryna (2023). Between the hammer and the anvil : Belarus, its people, and Russia’s war against Ukraine. Vol. 6. Instytut Europy Środkowej. hdl:1854/LU-01HGZF2NV7XH9AVKAZSP0VSVX3. ISBN 978-83-67678-29-2.
• ^ “Putin’s Strategic Failure”. IISS. Retrieved 28 June 2024.
• ^ The International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) (6 December 2023). Armed Conflict Survey 2023. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-1-040-01544-5. … Belarus remains a co-belligerent but not a co-combatant, providing extensive assistance to Russia – including the use of its territory to base Russian forces and launch attacks – without directly intervening with its own military assets …
• ^ Humphreys, Richard; Paegļkalna, Lauma. “Combat Without Warfighting: Non-Belligerent Actors and the Russian Invasion of Ukraine”. SSRN 4048994.
• ^ “White House says Iran is helping Russia build a drone factory east of Moscow for the war in Ukraine”. Sun Sentinel. 9 June 2023. Retrieved 10 June 2023.
• ^ “Exclusive: Iran sends Russia hundreds of ballistic missiles”. Reuters. 21 February 2024. Retrieved 23 February 2024.
• ^ Madhani, Aamer; Miller, Zeke (21 October 2022). “US: Iranian troops in Crimea backing Russian drone strikes”. Associated Press. Archived from the original on 3 May 2023. Retrieved 22 November 2024.
• ^ Hird, Karolina; Mappes, Grace; Bailey, Riley; Howard, Angela; Kagan, Frederick W. (25 November 2022). “Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, November 25”. Institute for the Study of War. Archived from the original on 14 December 2023. Retrieved 22 November 2024.
• ^ Hird, Karolina; Bailey, Riley; Mappes, Grace; Barros, George; Kagan, Frederick W. (12 October 2022). “Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, October 12”. Institute for the Study of War. Archived from the original on 14 January 2024. Retrieved 22 November 2024.
• ^ Axe, David. “Russia Got 7,500-Pound Rockets From North Korea—And Promptly Blew Up A Pair Of Ukrainian Supply Bases”. Forbes. Retrieved 8 January 2024.
• ^ “Did Russia Fire North Korean Missiles At Ukraine?”. RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty. Retrieved 8 January 2024.
• ^ Jochecová, Ketrin (8 October 2024). “North Korean soldiers are likely dying for Putin in Ukraine, Seoul says”. Politico. Retrieved 10 October 2024.
• ^ Lee, Youkyung (9 October 2024). “North Korea Seen Likely to Send Troops to Ukraine to Aid Russia”. Bloomberg. Retrieved 10 October 2024.
• ^ “US concerned by reports of North Korean soldiers fighting for Russia”. Reuters. 15 October 2024. Retrieved 16 October 2024.
• ^ “North Korean soldiers are training to fight for Russia, Ukraine says”. NBC News. 16 October 2024. Retrieved 16 October 2024.
• ^ McCurry, Justin (16 October 2024). “North Korean troops for Russia’s war in Ukraine: what we know so far”. The Guardian. Retrieved 16 October 2024.
• ^ Cecil, Nicholas (17 October 2024). “Putin military doubling ‘kamikaze’ drone attacks on Ukraine to 1,500 last month, say western officials”. Evening Standard.
• ^ “North Korea UN representative denies Pyongyang sent troops to Russia”. CNA. 22 October 2024. Retrieved 2 November 2024.”North Korea has not sent troops to Russia to help Moscow fight Ukraine, one of its United Nations representatives said on Monday (Oct 22), dismissing Seoul’s claims as “groundless rumour”.”
• ^ “North Korea UN representative denies Pyongyang sent troops to Russia”. TRT World. 23 October 2024. Retrieved 2 November 2024.
• ^ Denisova, Kateryna (22 October 2024). “North Korea denies sending troops to join Russia’s war in Ukraine, dismisses ‘groundless rumors'”. The Kyiv Independent. Retrieved 2 November 2024.
• ^ Phil Stewart, Hyonhee Shin (23 October 2024). “US says evidence shows North Korea has troops in Russia, possibly for Ukraine war”. Reuters. Retrieved 24 October 2024.
• ^ “Russia to deploy 10,000 North Korean troops against Ukraine within ‘weeks’, Pentagon says”. The Guardian. 29 October 2024. Retrieved 29 October 2024.
• ^ Phil Stewart, Andrew Gray (28 October 2024). “No new limits on Ukraine’s use of US arms if North Korea joins fight, Pentagon says”. Reuters. Retrieved 28 October 2024.
• ^ “NATO, Pentagon confirm deployment of North Korean troops to Russia”. Al Jazeera. 28 October 2024. Retrieved 28 October 2024.
• ^ “North Korean Soldiers Fighting in Kursk”. Kyiv Post. 7 November 2024. Retrieved 7 December 2024.
• ^ “US confirms North Korean troops joining Russia in combat against Ukraine”. Radio Free Asia. 13 November 2024. Retrieved 14 November 2024.
• ^ “South Korea says North Korean soldiers are fighting Ukraine forces”. Reuters. 13 November 2024. Retrieved 14 November 2024.
• ^ “Language barriers and inexperience may hamper North Korean troops on Russia’s battlefield”. NBC News. 16 November 2024. Retrieved 16 November 2024.
• ^ Vergun, David (18 November 2024). “North Korean Troops Enter Kursk Where Ukrainians Are Fighting”. U.S. Department of Defence. Retrieved 3 December 2024.
• ^ “DPRK soldiers already participated in battles against Ukrainian Armed Forces in Kursk region”. RBC-Ukraine. 24 November 2024. Retrieved 7 December 2024.
• ^ “Pentagon addresses DPRK troops’ role in Russia’s offensive”. RBC-Ukraine. 3 December 2024. Retrieved 3 December 2024.
• ^ “2,000 North Korean Troops Led by 3 Generals Join Russians Against Ukraine – Intel”. Kyiv Post. 3 December 2024. Retrieved 5 December 2024.
• ^ “North Korean troops killed in combat against Ukraine for first time, Pentagon says”. Reuters.
• ^ “A couple hundred North Korean troops killed, wounded in battles with Ukrainian forces”. AP News. 17 December 2024. Retrieved 18 December 2024.
• ^ “At least 100 North Koreans dead in Ukraine war, says South Korea”. www.bbc.com. Retrieved 21 December 2024.
• ^ “Russians ‘burning faces’ of dead North Koreans to keep them secret: Zelenskyy”. Radio Free Asia. 17 December 2024. Retrieved 18 December 2024.
• ^ “Ukraine reports North Korean losses on Russia’s Kursk front”. Reuters. 16 December 2024. Retrieved 18 December 2024.
• ^ Cooney, Christy (17 December 2024). “North Korean troops killed fighting Ukraine, says US”. BBC Home. Retrieved 18 December 2024.
• ^ Shidore, Sarang (31 August 2023). “The Return of the Global South”. Foreign Affairs.
• ^ Banco, Eric; Aarup, Sarah Anne (16 March 2023). “‘Hunting rifles’ — really? China ships assault weapons and body armor to Russia”. Politico.
• ^ “Use of Chinese ammunition in Ukraine confirmed by U.S.: sources”. Kyodo News. 18 March 2023.
• ^ Rettman, Andrew (9 May 2023). “The EU fears that Chinese and UAE firms could be supplying weapons components to Russia, new sanctions indicate”. EU Observer.
• ^ Nardelli, Alberto; Jacobs, Jennifer (6 April 2024). “China Is Providing Geospatial Intelligence to Russia, US Warns”. Bloomberg News. Retrieved 6 April 2024.
• ^ “Exclusive: Russia has secret war drones project in China, intel sources say”. Reuters. 25 September 2024. Retrieved 16 November 2024.
• ^ Walsh, Nick Paton and Davey-Attlee, Florence (19 February 2024). “The Kremlin has never been richer – thanks to a US strategic partner”. CNN. Retrieved 15 September 2024.
• ^ “Russian firms buy $4 billion worth of India-made arms, pay in Indian rupee”. FP News. Retrieved 16 September 2024.
• ^ Reed, John; Seddon, Max; Cook, Chris; Rathbone, John Paul (4 September 2024). “Russia built covert trade channel with India, leaks reveal”. FT News.
• ^ Hamourtziadou, Lily (1 February 2023). “Ukraine war: casualty counts from either side can be potent weapons and shouldn’t always be believed”. The Conversation.
• ^ Kirby, Paul (13 April 2023). “Ukraine war: Pentagon leaks reveal Russian infighting over death toll”. BBC News.
• ^ Meyer, David (14 March 2022). “Why is it so hard to get accurate death tolls in the Russia-Ukraine war?”. Fortune. Retrieved 21 March 2022.
  • Roth, Andrew (22 March 2022). “How many Russian soldiers have died in the war in Ukraine?”. The Guardian. Retrieved 22 March 2022.
• ^ “Russia admits ‘significant losses of troops’ in Ukraine”. Al Jazeera. 8 April 2022. Retrieved 17 September 2023.
• ^ “Ukraine not to reveal own military death toll until war ends”. Ukrinform. 29 March 2022.
• ^ “‘Dying by the dozens every day’ – Ukraine losses climb”. BBC. 29 August 2023. Retrieved 17 September 2023.
• ^ Khurshudyan, Isabelle; Witte, Griff (26 February 2022). “Civilians are dying in Ukraine. But exactly how many remains a mystery”. The Washington Post. Retrieved 19 September 2023.
  • “As Russian Troop Deaths Climb, Morale Becomes an Issue, Officials Say”. The New York Times. 17 March 2022. Archived from the original on 16 March 2022. Retrieved 16 March 2022. The conservative side of the estimate, at more than 7,000 Russian troop deaths, is greater than the number of American troops killed over 20 years in Iraq and Afghanistan combined.
• ^ “Ukraine conflict death toll: what we know”. Agence France-Presse republished in France 24. 13 April 2022. Retrieved 20 April 2022.
• ^ “Russia’s ‘irrecoverable losses’ in Ukraine: more than 90,000 troops dead, disabled, or AWOL”. Meduza. 12 October 2022.
• ^ Regan, Helen; Kottasová, Ivana; Haq, Sana Noor; Khalil, Hafsa; Vogt, Adrienne; Sangal, Aditi (16 June 2022). “Tens of thousands have been killed since the invasion, says Ukrainian defense minister”. CNN. Retrieved 15 September 2022.
• ^ Bennetts, Marc (25 June 2024). “Facing annihilation, the Ukrainian towns praying for Western reinforcements”. The Times. Retrieved 25 June 2024.
• ^ Yuhas, Alan (24 August 2022). “Thousands of Civilian Deaths and 6.6 Million Refugees: Calculating the Costs of War”. The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 20 September 2022.
• ^ Shandra, Alya (30 August 2022). “87,000 killed civilians documented in occupied Mariupol – volunteer”. Euromaidan Press. Retrieved 20 September 2022.
• ^ “Mariupol: invaders don’t bother to clear residential buildings of newly discovered bodies”. Ukrinform. 4 September 2022. Retrieved 19 September 2023.
• ^ “Over 10,000 civilians killed in Mariupol siege, mayor says”. PBS. 11 April 2022. Retrieved 17 September 2023.
• ^ “‘Terrible toll’: Russia’s invasion of Ukraine by the numbers”. The Japan Times. 14 February 2023. Retrieved 26 September 2023. Kyiv said at least 20,000 Ukrainian civilians had been killed. In total, some 30,000 to 40,000 civilians have lost their lives nationwide in the conflict, Western sources say.
• ^ “At What Cost? The Economic and Human Costs of Russia’s Invasion of Ukraine”. C.D. Howe Institute. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
• ^ “The Cost of War to Ukraine”. The Royal United Services Institute for Defence and Security Studies. Retrieved 8 October 2023.
• ^ “Russia scrubs Mariupol’s Ukraine identity, builds on death”. AP News. 23 December 2022. Retrieved 1 October 2023.
• ^ “10,368: The incomplete count of Ukraine’s civilian dead”. Agence France-Presse republished in France 24. 6 June 2023. Retrieved 29 September 2023.
• ^ Human Rights Watch/SITU/Truth Hounds, “Our City Was Gone” Russia’s Devastation of Mariupol, Ukraine, p. 147: “Based on an assessment of satellite imagery and photo and video analysis, we estimate that at least 10,284 people were buried in four of the city’s cemeteries and in Manhush cemetery between March 2022 and February 2023. We also estimate that around 2,250 people would have died of causes unrelated to war in Mariupol during that period, meaning the city saw at least an estimated 8,034 deaths above a peacetime rate. We are not able to determine how many of those buried in the city were civilians or military personnel, or how many were killed as a result of unlawful attacks.”
• ^ “Ukraine: Ukraine: civilian casualty update 24 September 2023”. Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. 25 September 2023.
• ^ Schifrin, Nick; Cutler, Sarah; Fellow, Columbia Journalism (11 December 2023). “Russia’s ethnic minorities disproportionately die in the war in Ukraine”. PBS NewsHour. Retrieved 17 May 2024.
• ^ Latypova, Leyla (17 May 2024). “2 Years Into Ukraine War, Russia’s Ethnic Minorities Disproportionately Killed in Battle”. The Moscow Times. Retrieved 17 May 2024.
• ^ Petkova, Mariya (25 October 2022). “‘Putin is using ethnic minorities to fight in Ukraine’: Activist”. Al Jazeera. Retrieved 17 May 2024.
• ^ Bessonov, Ania (4 October 2022). “Russian ethnic minorities bearing brunt of Russia’s war mobilization in Ukraine”. CBC. Retrieved 17 May 2024.
• ^ “Young, poor and from minorities: the Russian troops killed in Ukraine”. France 24. 17 May 2022. Retrieved 17 May 2024.
• ^ “Ukraine calls them meat assaults: Russia’s brutal plan to take ground”. BBC News. 4 July 2024.
• ^ Tom Porter (6 December 2024). “Russia is suffering record casualties as the West steps up support for Ukraine, and it may struggle to replace them”. Business Insider.
• ^ “Russia’s Loss of Men in Ukraine Surpasses Daily Birth Rate”. Newsweek. 12 November 2024.
• ^ “120,000 dead and counting A new estimate from Meduza and Mediazona shows the rate of Russian military deaths in Ukraine is only growing”. Meduza. 5 July 2024. Wikidata Q127245770. Archived from the original on 6 July 2024.
• ^ “Enduring Mayhem: Images From Year 3 of the War in Ukraine”. The New York Times. 24 April 2024.
• ^ Wallensteen 2023, p. 348.
• ^ “Annual death rate from all causes, 1980 to 2021 — Ukraine”. Our World in Data. Retrieved 13 October 2024.
• ^ “Country Comparisons — Death rate”. The World Factbook. Archived from the original on 13 September 2024. Retrieved 13 October 2024.
• ^ Nir Hasson (14 August 2024). “The Numbers Show: Gaza War Is One of the Bloodiest in the 21st Century”. Haaretz. Archived from the original on 14 August 2024.
• ^ Jump up to:^a b c Pancevski, Bojan (17 September 2024). “One Million Are Now Dead or Injured in the Russia-Ukraine War”. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 17 September 2024.
• ^ “Ukraine: protection if civilians in armed conflict. December 2024 update” (PDF). Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. 10 December 2024.
• ^ Ukraine says 500 members of the National Guard have died so far; Russian forces ‘pushed back’ from second-largest city Kharkiv, Natasha Turak and Holly Ellyatt, CNBC November 2022
• ^ “Ukrainian war dead reaches 43,000, Zelensky says in rare update”. BBC News. 8 December 2024. Retrieved 8 December 2024.
• ^ “Важкі цифри: як сприймати нові дані про військові втрати – DW – 27.02.2024”. dw.com (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 25 May 2024.
• ^ “UA Losses”. ualosses.org.
• ^ Jump up to:^a b c “Лидерство Башкортостана: что известно о потерях России в Украине к середине декабря”. BBC. 13 December 2024. Archived from the original on 20 December 2024.
  “Russian casualties in Ukraine. Mediazona count, updated”. Mediazona. 8 November 2024. Retrieved 23 December 2024.
• ^ “Only the Establishment of a Just Peace and Holding the Aggressor to Account will Stop Russia’s War Crimes in Ukraine – a Separate Discussion on the Humanitarian Dimension of the War Was Held at the Peace Summit”. 17 June 2024.
• ^ Post, Kyiv (8 December 2023). “28,000 Ukrainian Civilians in Russian Captivity, Human Rights Commissioner Says”. Kyiv Post. Retrieved 25 February 2024.
• ^
  • “Обзор социально-гуманитарной ситуации, сложившейся на территории Донецкой Народной Республики вследствие военных действий в период с 24 по 30 декабря 2022 г.” [Overview of the socio-humanitarian situation that developed on the territory of the Donetsk People’s Republic as a result of military actions in the period from December 24 to December 30, 2022] (in Russian). Human rights Ombudsman in the Donetsk People’s Republic. 30 December 2022.
  • “Обзор социально-гуманитарной ситуации, сложившейся на территории Донецкой Народной Республики вследствие военных действий в период с 25 по 31 декабря 2023 г.” [Overview of the socio-humanitarian situation that developed on the territory of the Donetsk People’s Republic as a result of military actions in the period from December 25 to December 31, 2023] (in Russian). Human rights Ombudsman in the Donetsk People’s Republic. 9 January 2024.
  • “Обзор социально-гуманитарной ситуации, сложившейся на территории Донецкой Народной Республики вследствие военных действий в период с 05 по 11 августа 2024 г.” [Overview of the socio-humanitarian situation that developed on the territory of the Donetsk People’s Republic as a result of military actions in the period from August 5 to August 11, 2024] (in Russian). Human rights Ombudsman in the Donetsk People’s Republic. 12 August 2024.
• ^ “The overview of the current social and humanitarian situation in the territory of the Donetsk People’s Republic as a result of hostilities in the period from 19 and 25 February 2022”. Human Rights Ombudsman in the Donetsk People’s Republic. 12 February 2022. Retrieved 21 March 2022.
• ^ “192 LPR residents killed in Kiev artillery attacks since February 2022 – JCCC”. lug-info.com. 27 February 2023.
• ^ “Ten civilians killed, 47 wounded in Kiev artillery strikes at LPR in March – ombudsperson”. lug-info.com. 13 April 2023.
  Six people killed in Kiev artillery strikes at LPR in April – JCCC
  14 people killed, 56 wounded in Kiev artillery strikes at LPR in May
• ^ Radford, Benjamin J.; Dai, Yaoyao; Stoehr, Niklas; Schein, Aaron; Fernandez, Mya; Sajid, Hanif (22 August 2023). “Estimating conflict losses and reporting biases”. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 120 (34): e2307372120. Bibcode:2023PNAS..12007372R. doi:10.1073/pnas.2307372120. PMC 10450422. PMID 37579154.
• ^ Jump up to:^a b “September Was Deadly Month for Russian Troops in Ukraine, U.S. Says”. The New York Times. 10 October 2024. Retrieved 10 October 2024.
• ^ “War in Ukraine. Total Combat Losses of the Russian Forces for Day 1046”. pravda.com.ua. Ukrainska Pravda. 4 January 2025. Retrieved 4 January 2025.
• ^ “Russia suffers worst month for casualties, says UK defence chief”. www.bbc.com. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
• ^ Crawford, Neta C. (4 April 2022). “Reliable death tolls from the Ukraine war are hard to come by – the result of undercounts and manipulation”. The Conversation. Retrieved 15 September 2022.
• ^ Choi, Joseph (24 February 2022). “Ukrainian ambassador says Russian platoon surrendered to Ukrainian forces”. The Hill. Retrieved 29 March 2022.
• ^ “Moscow: Nearly 500 of its troops have been killed in Ukraine”. WHDH. 2 March 2022. Archived from the original on 2 March 2022. Retrieved 3 March 2022.
• ^ Petrenko, Roman; Kravets, Roman (19 March 2022). “562 Russian soldiers held in the custody of Ukraine – says Vereschuk, but expects for more”. Ukrainska Pravda.
• ^“Ukraine, Russia Exchange Prisoners For First Time Since Invasion, Ukrainian Military Officer Says”. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 1 March 2022. Retrieved 20 March 2022.
  • Ljunggren, David (17 March 2022). “Ukraine swapped nine Russian soldiers to free detained mayor”. Reuters. Retrieved 25 March 2022.
• ^“Ukraine announces first proper POWs exchange with Russia”. Interfax. 24 March 2022. Retrieved 24 March 2022.
  • “Today’s key developments”. BBC News. 24 March 2022. Retrieved 24 March 2022.
• ^ “Some 86 Ukrainian servicemen released under exchange with Russia – President’s Office dpty head”. Interfax-Ukraine. 1 April 2022. Retrieved 6 April 2022.
• ^ “Ukraine and Russia exchange captured troops”. BBC News. 1 April 2022. Retrieved 15 September 2022.
• ^ Jump up to:^a b “Yale researchers identify 21 sites in Donetsk oblast, Ukraine used for civilian interrogation, processing, and detention”. Yale School of Medicine. 25 August 2022. Retrieved 27 August 2022.
• ^ Sauer, Pjotr (27 March 2023). “Russian soldiers say commanders used ‘barrier troops’ to stop them retreating”. the Guardian. Retrieved 25 January 2024.
• ^ Axe, David (18 January 2024). “‘They’re Just Choosing Where To Die.’ When Russia’s Poorly-Trained Stormtroopers Retreat, Russian Barrier Troops Gun Them Down”. Forbes. Retrieved 25 January 2024.
• ^ “On Ukraine, High Commissioner Türk details severe violations and calls for a just peace”. OHCHR. Retrieved 4 April 2023.
• ^“Ukraine’s outrage grows over video seeming to show beheading”. AP News. 12 April 2023. Retrieved 17 April 2023.
  • “Zelenskyy slams ‘beasts’ in gruesome beheading video; Kremlin calls footage ‘terrible'”. CNBC. 12 April 2023. Retrieved 26 September 2023.
  • Belam, Martin; Chao-Fong, Léonie (12 April 2023). “Russia-Ukraine war at a glance: what we know on day 413 of the invasion”. The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 26 September 2023.
• ^“Zelensky slams ‘beasts’ who purportedly beheaded Ukrainian soldiers after video emerges”. CNN. 12 April 2023. Retrieved 26 September 2023.
  • “Ukraine says Russia ‘worse than ISIS’ after beheading video”. Al Jazeera. Retrieved 26 September 2023.
• ^ “Russia opens probe into alleged beheading of Ukrainian soldier”. The Jerusalem Post. 13 April 2023.
• ^ “Evidence of Russian crimes mounts as war in Ukraine drags on”. Associated Press. 30 December 2022.
• ^“Chernihiv: Are these Russia’s weapons of war?”. BBC News. 9 April 2022. Retrieved 3 May 2022.
  • Gall, Carlotta; Kramer, Andrew E. (3 April 2022). “In a Kyiv Suburb,’They Shot Everyone They Saw'”. The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 12 April 2022. Retrieved 3 May 2022.
• ^ Cumming-Bruce, Nick (23 September 2022). “U.N. Experts find that war crimes have been committed in Ukraine”. The New York Times. Archived from the original on 24 September 2022.
  • Macias, Amanda (28 October 2022). “UN report details horrifying Ukrainian accounts of rape, torture and executions by Russian troops”. CNBC. Retrieved 29 January 2023.
• ^ “Update on the human rights situation in Ukraine” (PDF). Ukraine. 2 (1). 2022. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 April 2022. Retrieved 19 January 2023 – via United Nations Human Rights Council.
• ^ “Ukraine destruction: how the Guardian documented Russia’s use of illegal weapons”. The Guardian. 24 May 2022. ISSN 1756-3224. OCLC 60623878. Archived from the original on 29 August 2022. Retrieved 19 January 2023.
• ^ Cluster Munition Monitor 2022 (PDF). Cluster Munition Coalition. 2022. ISBN 978-2-9701476-1-9. Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 August 2022. Retrieved 19 January 2023 – via The Monitor.
• ^ “Russia was Preparing for a New Genocide of Ukrainians Long Before the Full-Scale Invasion, – Kyrylo Budanov”. Main Directorate of Intelligence of Ukraine.
• ^ “Ukraine: protection of civilians in armed conflict. December 2023 update” (PDF). ukraine.un.org. Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. Total civilians killed: 10,191; Killed in Ukrainian government-controlled territories: 7,967; Killed in Russian-occupied territories: 2,224.
• ^ Jump up to:^a b “UN report details ‘climate of fear’ in Russian occupied areas of Ukraine”. UN News. 20 March 2024.
• ^ “Takeaways into AP investigation into Russian system to force its passports on occupied Ukraine”. Associated Press. 15 March 2024.
• ^ Hambling, David (29 December 2023). “What We Know About Russian Chemical Weapon Attacks”. Forbes. Retrieved 23 March 2024.
• ^ Field, Matt (15 March 2024). “Russia appears to be using chemical weapons in Ukraine. And admitting it”. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. Retrieved 23 March 2024.
• ^ “Russia carrying out illegal chemical attacks on Ukrainian soldiers”. The Telegraph. 6 April 2024. Retrieved 7 April 2024.
• ^ Melkozerova, Veronika (27 March 2024). “Russia executed Ukrainian POWs, UN report says”. POLITICO. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
• ^ Miller, Christopher; Joiner, Sam; Killing, Alison; Andringa, Peter; Campbell, Chris; Stognei, Anastasia; Learner, Sam (12 June 2024). “FT investigation finds Ukrainian children on Russian adoption sites”. Financial Times. Retrieved 13 June 2024.
• ^ “US aware of ‘credible’ reports Russia is listing Ukrainian children for adoption, White House says”. Reuters. 12 June 2024. Retrieved 13 June 2024.
• ^ Allegretti, Aubrey (3 March 2022). “ICC launches war crimes investigation over Russian invasion of Ukraine”. The Guardian. ISSN0261-3077. Retrieved 11 February 2023.
  • “Ukraine”. International Criminal Court. Retrieved 11 February 2023.
• ^ Jump up to:^ab“Ukraine war: International court issues warrant for Putin’s arrest”. Reuters. 17 March 2023. Retrieved 18 March 2023.
  • “Situation in Ukraine: ICC judges issue arrest warrants against Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin and Maria Alekseyevna Lvova-Belova”. International Criminal Court. 17 March 2023. Retrieved 18 March 2023.
  • Hofmański, Piotr (17 March 2023). “ICC arrest warrants in the situation of Ukraine: Statement by President Piotr Hofmański” (video). YouTube. International Criminal Court.
  • Corder, Mike; Casert, Raf (17 March 2023). “ICC issues arrest warrant for Putin over Ukraine war crimes”. Associated Press. Archived from the original on 17 March 2023.
  • Michaels, Daniel (17 March 2023). “U.N. Court Issues Arrest Warrant for Russia’s Putin And Another Kremlin Official”. The Wall Street Journal.
  • Fowler, Sarah (17 March 2023). “”No excuse to deport children to Russia, says ICC prosecutor,””. BBC News. Archived from the original on 17 March 2023.
• ^ “10: “World nuclear forces””. Military Spending and Armaments, 2019 (PDF). Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI). Table 10.1. World nuclear forces, January 2020; page 326. Retrieved 18 March 2023.
• ^ Bufacchi, Vittorio (26 July 2022). “War crimes in Ukraine: is Putin responsible?”. Journal of Political Power. 16 (1): 6. doi:10.1080/2158379X.2022.2105495. hdl:10468/13459. S2CID 251124184.
• ^ Warburton, Moira (15 March 2022). “U.S. Senate unanimously condemns Putin as war criminal”. Reuters.
• ^ Sabbagh, Dan (24 September 2023). “War crimes dossier to accuse Russia of deliberately causing starvation in Ukraine”. The Guardian.
• ^ Colvin, Victoria; Orchard, Phil (28 March 2023). “Forced deportations and the Ukraine war: Russian culpability in atrocity crimes”. Violence. 3 (2): 281–300. doi:10.1177/26330024231167184. S2CID 257852247.
• ^ “Situation in Ukraine: ICC judges issue arrest warrants against Sergei Ivanovich Kobylash and Viktor Nikolayevich Sokolov”. International Criminal Court. 5 March 2024. Retrieved 5 March 2024.
• ^ Roth, Andrew (25 June 2024). “ICC issues arrest warrants for Russian officials over alleged Ukraine war crimes”. The Guardian. Retrieved 25 June 2024.
• ^ “Ukraine exports 1 million tonnes of grain under new deal, train attacks may be war crimes, experts say”. ABC. 27 August 2022. Retrieved 27 August 2022.
• ^ Doherty, Erin; Saric, Ivana (24 August 2022). “Nearly a third of Ukraine’s population has been displaced since war begain”. Axios. Retrieved 17 September 2023.
• ^ Mullins, Charlotte (27 May 2022). “‘Ukraine’s heritage is under direct attack’: why Russia is looting the country’s museums”. The Guardian. Retrieved 2 June 2022.
• ^ “Salvaging Ukraine’s culture: Country’s history & language under threat”. Euronews. 13 September 2022. Retrieved 11 November 2022.
• ^ “Destruction of cultural heritage is a war crime”. EPP Group in the European Parliament. 20 October 2022.Retrieved 14 February 2023.
• ^ Farge, Emma (25 September 2023). “Russia tortured some Ukrainian victims to death, UN inquiry says”. Reuters. Retrieved 26 September 2023.
• ^ Gabrielle Tétrault-Farber; Emma Farge (16 March 2023). “UN inquiry finds”. Reuters. Retrieved 26 September 2023.
• ^ “Destruction and Devastation: One Year of Russia’s Assault on Ukraine’s Health Care System”. PHR. 7 August 2023. Retrieved 17 December 2023.
• ^ Rutter, Jill (7 March 2022). “Protecting Ukrainian refugees: What can we learn from the response to Kosovo in the 90s?”. British Future. Retrieved 29 March 2022.
• ^ “IntelBrief: China Seeks to Balance Its Interests as Russia’s War on Ukraine Intensifies”. The Soufan Center. 4 March 2022. Retrieved 29 March 2022. Over a week into the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the war has raged on, spurring the most serious humanitarian crisis in Europe since the wars in the Balkans in the 1990s.
• ^ Beaumont, Peter (6 March 2022). “Ukraine has fastest-growing refugee crisis since second world war, says UN”. The Guardian. Retrieved 8 March 2022.
• ^ Aguilera, Jasmine (25 February 2022). “Russia’s Invasion of Ukraine May Trigger a Refugee Crisis. Here’s How the World Is Preparing”. Time. Archived from the original on 26 February 2022. Retrieved 25 February 2022.
• ^ Jump up to:^a b “Situation Ukraine Refugee Situation”. United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. Retrieved 23 July 2022.
• ^ Wintour, Patrick (3 July 2022). “Liz Truss mulls seizure of Russian assets in UK to give to Ukraine”. the Guardian. Retrieved 4 July 2022.
• ^ Bior, Ayen; Shapiro, Ari; Ozug, Matt (20 May 2022). “Millions rushed to leave Ukraine. Now the queue to return home stretches for miles”. NPR. Archived from the original on 20 May 2022. Retrieved 28 May 2022.
• ^ “Ukraine”. IDMC. Retrieved 15 May 2022.
• ^“Refugees flee Ukraine for the EU, men told to stay and fight”. ABC News. 26 February 2022. Retrieved 3 March 2022.
  • Michaels, Samantha (7 March 2022). “More Than 1.5 Million Refugees Have Fled Ukraine”. Mother Jones. Retrieved 10 March 2022.
• ^ Carpenter, Charli (15 July 2022). “Civilian Men Are Trapped in Ukraine: Human rights and humanitarian NGOs should pay attention to Kyiv’s sex-selective martial law”. Foreign Policy. Retrieved 17 September 2023.
  • “Why banning men from leaving Ukraine violates their human rights”. The Conversation. 8 March 2022.
• ^ Tondo, Lorenzo (9 March 2022). “Ukraine urged to take ‘humane’ approach as men try to flee war”. The Guardian. Retrieved 9 March 2022.
• ^Men, some in their teens, join Ukraine’s resistance fighters. DW News. 5 March 2022. Archived from the original on 6 March 2022. Retrieved 8 March 2022 – via YouTube.
  • “Generation UA: Young Ukrainians are driving the resistance to Russia’s war”. Atlantic Council. 11 August 2022. Retrieved 14 February 2023.
• ^ Klimešová, Magdaléna; Šatava, Jiří; Ondruška, Michal (13 July 2022). “The situation of refugees from Ukraine”. Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs (Czech Republic). Retrieved 28 February 2024.
• ^ “İçişleri Bakanı Soylu: 58 bin Ukraynalı savaş sonrası Türkiye’ye geldi” [Interior Minister Soylu: 58 thousand Ukrainians came to Turkey after the war]. BBC (in Turkish). 22 March 2022. Retrieved 24 March 2022.
• ^ “How many refugees have fled Ukraine and where are they going?”. BBC News. 30 March 2022. Retrieved 15 April 2022.
• ^ “Statistics on Ukrainians in the UK”. gov.uk. Retrieved 21 December 2022.
• ^ Herb, Jeremy; Kaufman, Ellie; Atwood, Kylie (14 July 2022). “Experts document alleged crimes against humanity committed by Russian forces in Ukraine”. CNN. Retrieved 19 October 2022. &Subramaniam, Tara. “Russia’s war in Ukraine”. CNN. Retrieved 19 October 2022.
• ^ Jump up to:^ab Mackintosh, Eliza; Ochman, Oleksandra; Mezzofiore, Gianluca; Polglase, Katie; Rebane, Teele; Graham-Yooll, Anastasia (8 April 2022). “Russia or die: After weeks under Putin’s bombs, these Ukrainians were given only one way out”. CNN. Retrieved 9 April 2022.
  • Peter, Laurence (27 March 2022). “Russia transfers thousands of Mariupol civilians to its territory”. BBC News. Retrieved 1 April 2022.
• ^ “Ukraine war: Russians start leaving Ukraine’s Kherson city”. BBC News. 19 October 2022. Retrieved 19 October 2022.
• ^ Butchenko, Maksym (15 April 2022). “V dukhe Stalina. Fil’tratsionnyye lagerya, doprosy i vyvoz v glush’ — kak Moskva nasil’no deportiruyet ukraintsev Donbassa” В духе Сталина. Фильтрационные лагеря, допросы и вывоз в глушь — как Москва насильно депортирует украинцев Донбасса [In the spirit of Stalin. Filtration camps, interrogations and removal into the wilderness – how Moscow forcibly deports Ukrainians from Donbass]. NV.ua (in Russian). Retrieved 20 April 2022.
  • Shapoval, Valentyna (18 April 2022). “Denisova: okkupanty derzhat v fil’tratsionnykh lageryakh RF boleye 20 000 mariupol’tsev” Денисова: оккупанты держат в фильтрационных лагерях РФ более 20 000 мариупольцев [Denisov: occupiers keep more than 20,000 Mariupol residents in filtration camps of the Russian Federation]. Segodnya (in Russian). Retrieved 20 April 2022.
  • Goricheva, Yuliya; Tokhmakhchi, Аnnа (11 April 2022). “”Razdevali, tatushki moi smotreli”. Artem uyekhal iz Mariupolya v “DNR”, a potom i iz Rossii. On rasskazyvayet o tom, chto proiskhodilo na granitsakh” “Раздевали, татушки мои смотрели”. Артем уехал из Мариуполя в “ДНР”, а потом и из России. Он рассказывает о том, что происходило на границах [“They undressed, they looked at my tattoos.” Artem left Mariupol for the “DPR”, and then from Russia. He talks about what happened at the borders]. Current Time TV (in Russian). Retrieved 20 April 2022.
  • Hanyukova, Ol’ga (10 April 2022). “Okkupanty sozdali v Rossii lager’ dlya deportirovannykh iz Ukrainy: tam soderzhat boleye 400 chelovek” Оккупанты создали в России лагерь для депортированных из Украины: там содержат более 400 человек [The occupiers created a camp in Russia for deportees from Ukraine: more than 400 people are kept there]. Obozrevatel (in Russian). Retrieved 20 April 2022.
  • Kurpita, Tat’yana (17 April 2022). “”Ne imeli odezhdy, yedy i predmetov gigiyeny”: v Rossii obnaruzhili tri lagerya dlya deportirovannykh mariupol’tsev” “Не имели одежды, еды и предметов гигиены”: в России обнаружили три лагеря для депортированных мариупольцев [“They didn’t have clothes, food and hygiene items”: three camps for deported Mariupol residents were found in Russia]. TSN (in Russian). Retrieved 20 April 2022.
  • Pylypenko, Yevgeniy (24 March 2022). “Rossiya sozdala bliz Donetska fil’tratsionnyy lager’ dlya ukraintsev – razvedka” Россия создала близ Донецка фильтрационный лагерь для украинцев – разведка [Russia has created a filtration camp for Ukrainians near Donetsk – intelligence]. LIGA.net (in Russian). Retrieved 20 April 2022.
  • Klimov, Aleksandr (5 April 2022). “V Khar’kovskoy oblasti okkupanty sozdayut fil’tratsionnyye lagerya — Denisova” В Харьковской области оккупанты создают фильтрационные лагеря — Денисова [Invaders create filtration camps in Kharkiv region – Denisova]. NV.ua (in Russian). Retrieved 20 April 2022.
  • Ball, Tom (20 March 2022). “Ukraine accuses Russia of killing 56 care home residents in Luhansk”. The Times. Retrieved 20 April 2022.
  • “Foto. Okkupanty stroyat fil’tratsionnyye lagerya dlya ukraintsev” Фото. Оккупанты строят фильтрационные лагеря для украинцев [A Photo. Occupiers build filtration camps for Ukrainians]. sport.ua (in Russian). 28 March 2022. Retrieved 20 April 2022.
• ^ Kupriyanova, Olga (24 March 2022). “Fil’tratsionnyye lagerya i trudoustroystvo na Sakhaline: ukraintsev iz okkupirovannykh gorodov prinuditel’no otpravlyayut v rossiyu” Фильтрационные лагеря и трудоустройство на Сахалине: украинцев из оккупированных городов принудительно отправляют в россию [Filtration camps and employment on Sakhalin: Ukrainians from occupied cities are forcibly sent to Russia]. 1+1 (in Russian). Retrieved 20 April 2022.
• ^ “Putin i Shoygu planirovali sozdat’ kontslagerya dlya ukraintsev v Zapadnoy Sibiri, – Danilov” Путин и Шойгу планировали создать концлагеря для украинцев в Западной Сибири, – Данилов [Putin and Shoigu planned to create concentration camps for Ukrainians in Western Siberia – Danilov]. Цензор.НЕТ (in Russian). 21 April 2022. Retrieved 25 April 2022. ^“Putin i Shoygu planirovali sozdat’ kontslagerya dlya ukraintsev v Zapadnoy Sibiri – Danilov” Путин и Шойгу планировали создать концлагеря для украинцев в Западной Сибири – Данилов [Putin and Shoigu planned to create concentration camps for Ukrainians in Western Siberia – Danilov]. LIGA (in Russian). 22 April 2022. Retrieved 25 April 2022.
• ^ “Shoygu nazval mesta dlya stroitel’stva novykh gorodov v Sibiri” Шойгу назвал места для строительства новых городов в Сибири [Shoigu named places for the construction of new cities in Siberia]. РБК (in Russian). 6 September 2021.
• ^ Margolina, Sonja (9 October 2023). “Nur wer fällt, hat richtig gelebt – Russlands Krieg gegen die Ukraine läuft immer mehr auf eine Säuberung der eigenen Gesellschaft hinaus”. Neue Zürcher Zeitung (in German). Retrieved 14 October 2023. Noch nie haben zwei Nationen mit einem Durchschnittsalter von über 40 Jahren Krieg gegeneinander geführt. […] Noch nie haben zwei Nationen mit einem Kriegsindex von 0,7 miteinander die Waffen gekreuzt.
• ^ Stone, Lyman (22 March 2023). “The Demography of War: Ukraine vs. Russia”. IFStudies. Retrieved 19 July 2023.
• ^ Kulu, Hill; Christison, Sarah; Liu, Chia; Mikolai, Júlia (30 March 2023). “The war, refugees, and the future of Ukraine’s population”. Population, Space and Place. 29 (4). doi:10.1002/psp.2656. hdl:10023/27301. S2CID257876682.
  • Libanova, Ella (27 June 2023). “Ukraine’s Demography in the Second Year of the Full-Fledged War”. Focus Ukraine. Retrieved 19 July 2023.
• ^ Jump up to:^a b Knapp, Andreas (13 July 2023). “Ukraine: Population loss endangers reconstruction”. WIIW. Retrieved 19 July 2023.
• ^ “Russia stares into population abyss as Putin sends its young men to die”. The Telegraph. 26 February 2023.
• ^ Goble, Paul (18 August 2022). “Russia’s Demographic Collapse Is Accelerating”. Eurasia Daily Monitor. 19 (127). Washington, D.C.: Jamestown Foundation.
• ^ “World Population Prospects 2022, Standard Projections, Compact File, Variant tab, Total Population, as of 1 January column”. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. 2022.
• ^ “Russia’s population nightmare is going to get even worse”. The Economist. 4 March 2023.
• ^ Jenkins, Brian Michael (28 February 2023). “Consequences of the War in Ukraine: A Bleak Outlook for Russia”. The RAND Blog. Retrieved 19 July 2023.
• ^“She had a dream job. Now, she’s part of a massive brain drain hammering Russia”. NPR.
  • “Russlands Braindrain: Ein Land verliert sein Potenzial”. ORF (in German). 9 July 2023. Retrieved 9 July 2023.
  • “The Putin Exodus: The New Russian Brain Drain”. oei.fu-berlin.de (in German). 21 March 2019. Retrieved 9 July 2023.
• ^ “Why are people leaving Russia, who are they, and where are they going?”. BBC News. 3 June 2023. Retrieved 9 July 2023.
• ^ Wachs, Johannes (15 May 2023). “Digital traces of brain drain: developers during the Russian invasion of Ukraine”. EPJ Data Science. 12 (1): 14. doi:10.1140/epjds/s13688-023-00389-3. PMC 10184088. PMID 37215283.
• ^ “The Russians returning home from self-imposed exile”. Financial Times. 26 October 2023. Retrieved 27 October 2023.
• ^ Sharma, Shweta (30 November 2023). “Putin asks Russian women to have ‘eight or more’ children amid deaths in his war”. The Independent. Retrieved 30 November 2023.
• ^ Loh, Matthew (25 July 2024). “Russia would lose up to 1.8 million troops and take 5 years to capture the 4 Ukrainian regions it wants: UK army chief”. Business Insider. Retrieved 29 July 2024.
• ^ Heren, Kit (24 July 2024). “Russia ‘would have to lose over 1.5 million soldiers’ to achieve Ukraine war goals, new head of British army claims”. LBC. Retrieved 29 July 2024.
• ^ “One Year In, Russia’s War on Ukraine Has Inflicted $51 Billion in Environmental Damage” e360.yale.edu. 22 February 2023. Accessed 25 September 2023.
• ^ “‘Environmental Destruction Is a Form of Warfare’: Thunberg Joins Ecocide Investigation in Ukraine”. commondreams.org. Retrieved 3 July 2023.
• ^ “Ten-Step plan to address environmental impact of war in Ukraine” PAX for Peace. 24 February 2023. Accessed 25 September 2023.
• ^ Finlay, Madeleine; Cox, Joel; Bury, Ellie (13 June 2023). “Kakhovka dam destruction: why is Ukraine calling it ‘ecocide’? – podcast”. The Guardian. ISSN0261-3077. Retrieved 9 October 2023.
  • Talmazan, Yuliya; Arkin, Daniel; Kaufman, Sarah; and Mayer, Daryna (6 June 2023). “Ukraine accuses Russia of blowing up major dam”. NBC News. Retrieved 25 September 2023.
  • Hallam, Jonny; Pennington, Josh; Regan, Helen; Voitovych, Olga; Nasser, Irene; Shukla, Sebastian; Kottasová, Ivana; Mezzofiore, Gianluca; and Shelley, Jo (6 June 2023). “Collapse of critical Ukrainian dam sparks region-wide evacuations. Here’s what we know”. CNN. Retrieved 9 October 2023.
• ^“The Environmental Cost of the War in Ukraine”. International Relations Review. 2 June 2023. Retrieved 7 June 2023.
  • Graham-Harrison, Emma (27 August 2022). “Toxins in soil, blasted forests – Ukraine counts cost of Putin’s ‘ecocide'”. The Observer. ISSN 0029-7712. Retrieved 25 September 2023.
  • “Ukrainians hope to rebuild greener country after Russia’s war ravages environment”. The Independent. 19 March 2022. Retrieved 7 June 2023.
  • Gutman-Argemí, Clara; Ahn, Ashley; and Benson, Brawley (9 June 2023). “Ukrainians Are Accusing Russia of Ecocide. What Does That Mean?”. Foreign Policy. Retrieved 9 October 2023.
  • “Ukraine launches “ecocide” and war crimes probe into Nova Kakhovka dam incident”. CNN. 7 June 2023. Retrieved 9 October 2023.
• ^ Yermak, Andriy; Wallström, Margot (16 August 2023). “Russia is committing grave acts of ecocide in Ukraine – and the results will harm the whole world”. The Guardian. ISSN0261-3077. Retrieved 9 October 2023.
  • Graham-Harrison, Emma (27 August 2022). “Toxins in soil, blasted forests – Ukraine counts cost of Putin’s ‘ecocide'”. The Guardian. ISSN 0029-7712. Retrieved 9 October 2023.
  • Santora, Marc (17 August 2023). “As Dead Dolphins Wash Ashore, Ukraine Builds a Case of Ecocide Against Russia”. The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 9 October 2023.
• ^ Gigova, Radina (2 July 2023). “Russia is accused of ‘ecocide’ in Ukraine. But what does that mean?”. CNN. Retrieved 25 September 2023.
  • “Zelenskyy meets Greta Thunberg, Mary Robinson to address war’s effect on Ukraine’s ecology”. TheJournal.ie. Press Association. 29 June 2023. Retrieved 25 September 2023.
• ^ Fornusek, Martin (8 April 2024). “Media: Russia destroys over 60,000 hectares of Ukrainian forests”. Yahoo News. Retrieved 12 April 2024.
• ^ “Putin Orders Russian Nuclear Weapons on Higher Alert”. Arms Control Association. Retrieved 11 September 2023.
• ^“Russia’s Lavrov Warns of ‘Real’ Danger of World War III”. Moscow Times. 25 April 2022.
  • Wolfgang, Ben (27 April 2022). “Angry Putin wields energy, nuclear threats against West”. The Washington Times.
• ^ Sanger, David E.; Barnes, Julian E. (14 April 2022). “C.I.A. Director Airs Concern That Putin Might Turn to Nuclear Weapons”. The New York Times. Washington, D.C. Archived from the original on 14 April 2022. Retrieved 28 May 2022.
• ^ “U.S. warns Russia of ‘catastrophic’ consequences if it uses nuclear weapons”. NBC News. 26 September 2022.
• ^ Turoc, Natasha; Macias, Amanda (20 September 2022). “Biden warns Putin against using nuclear weapons; another nuclear plant hit by Russian strike”. CNBC. Retrieved 1 January 2025.
• ^ Johnson, Jamie; Scott-Geddes, Arthur; White, Josh; Zagon, Chanel; Allen, Nick (21 September 2022). “”Joe Biden: Putin will not win a ‘reckless’ nuclear war””. The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 24 September 2023.
• ^ Chen, Heather; Humayun, Hira; Knight, Mariya; Carey, Andrew; Gigova, Radina; Kostenko, Maria (26 March 2023). “Russia plans to station tactical nuclear weapons in Belarus, Putin says”. CNN. Retrieved 24 September 2023.
• ^ Dickinson, Peter (11 August 2024). “Ukraine’s invasion of Russia is erasing Vladimir Putin’s last red lines”. Atlantic Council. Archived from the original on 14 August 2024. Retrieved 15 August 2024.
• ^ Gill, Victoria (25 February 2022). “Chernobyl: Radiation spike at nuclear plant seized by Russian forces”. BBC News. Archived from the original on 25 February 2022. Retrieved 25 February 2022.
• ^ “‘Russian nuclear terror’: Ukraine atomic plant attacked again”. aljazeera.com. 7 August 2022. Retrieved 10 September 2022.
• ^ O’Neil, Tyler (27 April 2022). “Zelenskyy demands ‘global control’ over Russia’s nuclear capabilities after ‘completely irresponsible actions'”. Fox News.
• ^ “U.N. nuclear watchdog calls for a ‘security protection zone’ around the Russian-held Zaporizhzhia power plant”. NBC News. 7 September 2022. Retrieved 7 September 2022.
• ^ Horowitz, Julia (5 January 2022). “Ukraine’s economy shrank by more than 30% in 2022”. CNN (Digital). Retrieved 11 May 2024.
• ^ Shalal, Andrea; Zinets, Natalia; Lawder, David (14 March 2022). “Ukraine economy to contract sharply in 2022 due to war, IMF report says”. Reuters.
• ^ Porter, Richard (31 March 2022). “EBRD sees war on Ukraine causing major growth slowdown”. European Bank for Reconstruction and Development.
• ^ “Ukraine’s economy grew 5.3% in 2023, statistics service says”. Reuters (Digital). 28 March 2024. Retrieved 2 June 2024.
• ^ Tan, Weizhen; Wang, Christine (2 March 2022). “Ukraine raises $270 million from sale of war bonds to fund army as Russia’s invasion continues”. CNBC (Digital). Retrieved 10 May 2024.
• ^ “How much grain is Ukraine exporting and how is it leaving the country?”. BBC (Digital). 2 April 2024. Retrieved 11 May 2024.
• ^ “UN: 90 Percent Of Ukrainians Could Slip Into Poverty If War Drags On”. RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty. 16 March 2022.
• ^ “Russian economy shrank 2.1% in 2022, much less than expected”. Al Jazeera. 21 February 2023. Retrieved 11 May 2024.
• ^ Garver, Rob (8 February 2024). “Russia’s Economy Grew in 2023, Despite War and Sanctions”. Voice of America (Digital). Retrieved 2 June 2024.
• ^ Jump up to:^a b Meredith, Sam (3 February 2023). “Europe is set to ramp up its oil war against Russia — and markets are bracing for more disruption”. CNBC (Digital). Retrieved 10 May 2024.
• ^ Bussewitz, Cathy; Daly, Matthew (8 March 2022). “EXPLAINER: What does a US ban on Russian oil accomplish?”. Associated Press (Digital). Retrieved 11 May 2024.
• ^ Goldman, David (24 March 2022). “Gas rationing, food vouchers and hunger: Economic pain from Russia’s war is getting real”. CTV News. CNN. Retrieved 2 June 2024.
• ^ Gavin, Gabriel (6 October 2023). “Politico” (Digital). Retrieved 11 May 2024.
• ^ Sonne, Paul (27 April 2024). “Putin’s War Will Soon Reach Russians’ Tax Bills”. New York Times. Retrieved 30 April 2024.
• ^ “Putin Signals Readiness for Peace Talks if Kyiv Cedes Occupied Regions”. The Moscow Times. 5 January 2023.
• ^ Hopkins, Valerie (28 February 2022). “Initial talks between Russia and Ukraine yield no resolution”. The New York Times. ISSN0362-4331. Archived from the original on 14 March 2022. Retrieved 16 March 2022.
  • Reevell, Patrick; Hutchinson, Bill (2 March 2022). “2nd round of talks between Russia and Ukraine end with no cease-fire”. ABC News. Archived from the original on 14 March 2022. Retrieved 15 March 2022.
  • “Ukraine and Russia hold third round of talks”. Deutsche Welle. Reuters, Agence France-Presse, Deutsche Presse-Agentur. 7 March 2022. Archived from the original on 14 March 2022. Retrieved 15 March 2022.
  • Roshchina, Olena (28 February 2022). Переговори делегацій України та Росії почалися [Negotiations between the delegations of Ukraine and Russia began]. Українська правда [Ukrainska Pravda] (in Ukrainian). Archived from the original on 14 March 2022. Retrieved 7 March 2022. Деталі: Переговори відбуваються на Гомельщині на березі річки Прип’ять. Із міркувань безпеки точне місце організатори переговорів не називають. [Details: Negotiations are taking place in the Gomel region on the banks of the Pripyat River. For security reasons, the organisers of the talks did not name the exact location.]
• ^ “Russia-Ukraine war latest: Ukraine rules out ceasefire deal that involves ceding territory; officials to seek grain export agreement – Latest Active News”. Archived from the original on 24 July 2022. Retrieved 14 July 2022.
• ^ Lock, Samantha; Luscombe, Richard; Ambrose, Tom; and Belam, Martin (20 July 2022). “Peace will be on Moscow’s terms, says former president”. The Guardian. Retrieved 20 July 2022.
• ^ Harding, Luke; Koshiw, Isobel (30 September 2022). “Ukraine applies for Nato membership after Russia annexes territory”. The Guardian.
  • “Zelenskiy decree rules out Ukraine talks with Putin as ‘impossible'”. Reuters. 4 October 2022. Retrieved 7 February 2023.
• ^ “Ukraine rules out peace talks after Russia claims part of country”. The Washington Post. 4 October 2022. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 12 April 2024.
• ^ “British Defense Ministry Notes ‘Continued Churn of Senior Russian Officials'”. VOA News. 30 December 2022.
• ^ “Moscow To Achieve Ukraine Goals Thanks to ‘Patience’ – Lavrov”. The Moscow Times. 28 December 2022.
• ^ Bengali, Shashank (29 December 2022). “Hopes for Talks Dim in Ukraine As Sides Dig In”. The New York Times. p. 1.
• ^ Jump up to:^a b Troianovski, Anton; Entous, Adam; and Barnes, Julian E. (23 December 2023). “Putin Quietly Signals He Is Open to a Cease-Fire in Ukraine”. The New York Times. Retrieved 10 October 2024.
• ^ “There are currently no prospects for diplomatic solution to situation around Ukraine, – Peskov”. Censor.NET. 25 January 2023. Retrieved 13 February 2023.
• ^ “Russia Holds Victory Day Celebrations Amid Fresh Strikes On Ukraine”. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 9 May 2023.
• ^ “Chinese and Indonesian ‘peace plans’ really just Russia proxies, says DM Reznikov at NV event”. The New Voice of Ukraine. 8 June 2023.
• ^ “If Xi gets Putin to send Russia’s troops home, he can broker peace: Ukraine Defence Minister”. The Straits Times. 5 June 2023.
• ^ Crowley, Michael (9 February 2024). “U.S. Rejects Putin’s Latest Call for Ukraine Negotiations”. The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 12 April 2024.
• ^ Dickinson, Peter (22 November 2022). “Putin’s peace ploy is a ruse to rearm”. Atlantic Council. Retrieved 12 April 2024.
• ^ Erlanger, Steven (29 March 2022). “Peace Talks May Be Little More Than Russian Tactics, Analysts Say”. The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 12 April 2024.
• ^ “Vladimir Putin ready to ‘freeze’ war in Ukraine with ceasefire recognising recent Russian gains, sources say”. Sky News. 24 May 2024.
• ^ Jump up to:^a b Shamim, Sarah (28 November 2024). “How does Trump envoy Keith Kellogg want to end the Russia-Ukraine war?”. Al Jazeera.
• ^ Jump up to:^a b “Putin lays out his terms for ceasefire in Ukraine”. BBC News. 14 June 2024. Retrieved 14 June 2024.
  “Vladimir Putin issues fresh demands to Ukraine to end war”. The Guardian. 14 June 2024. Retrieved 14 June 2024.
  “Putin states Ukrainian Armed Forces must withdraw from 4 Ukrainian oblasts to begin peace talks”. Ukrainska Pravda. 14 June 2024. Retrieved 14 June 2024.
• ^ Jump up to:^a b “How to end Russia’s war on Ukraine”. Chatham House. 3 October 2023.
• ^ “Global Perspectives on Ending the Russia-Ukraine War”. Council of Councils. Council on Foreign Relations. 21 February 2024.
• ^ Karatnycky, Adrian (19 December 2023). “What a Russian Victory Would Mean for Ukraine”. Foreign Policy.
• ^ Danylyuk, Oleksandr (24 January 2024). “What Ukraine’s Defeat Would Mean for the US, Europe and the World”. Royal United Services Institute.
• ^ Litra, Leo (5 November 2024). “The US election, Ukraine, and the meaning of peace”. European Council on Foreign Relations.
• ^ Bellinger, John B. III (28 February 2022). “How Russia’s Invasion of Ukraine Violates International Law”. Council on Foreign Relations. Retrieved 26 January 2023.
• ^ “Ukraine war: UN condemns Russian invasion ahead of anniversary”. BBC News. 23 February 2023. Retrieved 24 February 2023.
• ^ Chernova, Anna; Cotovio, Vasco; Thompson, Mark (28 February 2022). “Sanctions slams Russian economy”. CNN. Archived from the original on 28 February 2022. Retrieved 28 May 2022.
• ^ Overland, Indra; Loginova, Julia (1 August 2023). “The Russian coal industry in an uncertain world: Finally pivoting to Asia?”. Energy Research & Social Science. 102: 103150. Bibcode:2023ERSS..10203150O. doi:10.1016/j.erss.2023.103150.
• ^ Szulecki, Kacper; Overland, Indra (April 2023). “Russian nuclear energy diplomacy and its implications for energy security in the context of the war in Ukraine”. Nature Energy. 8 (4): 413–421. Bibcode:2023NatEn…8..413S. doi:10.1038/s41560-023-01228-5. hdl:11250/3106595.
• ^ “Ukraine war aid: Austin asks U.S. allies to ‘dig deep'”. Reuters. 15 June 2023.
• ^ “EU adopts new set of measures to respond to Russia’s military aggression against Ukraine”. Europa (web portal).
• ^ “EU imposes sanctions on state-owned outlets RT/Russia Today and Sputnik’s broadcasting in the EU”. Europa (web portal).
• ^ Eligon, John (17 March 2022). “In Some Parts of the World, the War in Ukraine Seems Justified”. The New York Times. Retrieved 19 March 2022.
  • Holder, Josh; Leatherby, Lauren; Troianovski, Anton; Cai, Weiyi (23 February 2023). “The West Tried to Isolate Russia. It Didn’t Work”. The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 30 July 2023.
• ^ Tambur, Silver (26 February 2022). “Pictures: 30,000 people protest in Tallinn against the Russian invasion of Ukraine”. Estonian world.
• ^ Brooks, Hannah (2 May 2022). “Putin invaded Ukraine. But Russian immigrants are paying the price”. NBC News.
• ^ Srivastava, Mehul (6 May 2022). “Russia pummelled by pro-Ukrainian hackers following invasion”. Financial Times.
• ^ Beardsworth, James (4 March 2022). “Russians Abroad: Blamed for a Regime They Sought to Escape”. The Moscow Times. Archived from the original on 6 March 2022.
  • Brooks, Hannah (3 May 2022). “Putin invaded Ukraine. But Russian immigrants are paying the price”. NBC News. Archived from the original on 7 June 2022.
• ^ “Even Russia’s Kremlin-backed media is going off message and beginning to question Putin’s war on Ukraine”. Fortune. 11 March 2022.
• ^ Weir, Fred (5 December 2022). “In Russia, critiquing the Ukraine war could land you in prison”. Christian Science Monitor.
• ^ Garcia, Lucia (7 March 2023). “Russia’s pockets of support are growing in the developing world”. Economist Intelligence Unit. Retrieved 7 July 2023.
• ^ “European Parliament declares Russia a state sponsor of terrorism”. Reuters. 23 November 2022. Archived from the original on 23 November 2022. Retrieved 13 December 2024.
• ^ Fiedler, Tristan (18 October 2022). “Estonian parliament declares Russia a terrorist state”. Politico. Retrieved 8 June 2023.
• ^ “Iceland is the first European country to close its embassy in Moscow”. Agenzia Nova. 1 August 2023. Retrieved 3 August 2023.
• ^ Harding, Luke; Koshiw, Isobel (30 September 2022). “Ukraine applies for Nato membership after Russia annexes territory”. The Guardian. Archived from the original on 1 October 2022.
• ^ Emmott, Robin; Straus, Marine (18 May 2022). “Finland, Sweden apply to join NATO amid Turkish objections”. Reuters. Archived from the original on 18 May 2022. Finland and Sweden formally applied to join the NATO alliance on Wednesday, a decision spurred by Russia’s invasion of Ukraine
• ^ “Nato’s border with Russia doubles as Finland joins”. BBC News. 4 April 2023. Archived from the original on 5 April 2023.
• ^ Erlanger, Steven (7 March 2024). “Sweden Officially Enters NATO Alliance, a Strategic Blow to Moscow”. The New York Times. Retrieved 7 March 2024.
• ^ Pulver, Andrew; Shoard, Catherine (11 March 2024). “Ukraine war film 20 Days in Mariupol wins Oscar for best documentary”. The Guardian. Retrieved 14 March 2024.