Synopsis
Sukhbir Singh Badal, Shiromani Akali Dal leader, was attacked by alleged Khalistani activist Narayan Singh Chaura at the Golden Temple in Amritsar. A bullet was fired, but no one was injured. Chaura, who had been at the temple the previous day and earlier that morning, was arrested by the police.

Sukhbir Singh Badal Attacked by Alleged Khalistani Activist at Golden Temple
On Wednesday, Shiromani Akali Dal (SAD) leader Sukhbir Singh Badal was attacked by an alleged Khalistani activist, Narayan Singh Chaura, at the entrance of the Golden Temple in Amritsar. The incident occurred as Badal was entering the temple complex, where Chaura fired a bullet. Fortunately, no one was injured during the attack.
Chaura, who had been at the Golden Temple the previous day and earlier on Wednesday morning, was quickly apprehended by the police. Authorities have started an investigation to understand the motives behind the attack, and whether it is linked to Khalistani separatism.
The shooting sent shockwaves through the community, considering the historical significance of the Golden Temple, a revered Sikh place of worship, and its associations with past political conflicts.
Sukhbir Singh Badal, who serves as the former Deputy Chief Minister of Punjab, has condemned the attack. The Shiromani Akali Dal (SAD) party has also called for strict action against those involved in the incident, urging the authorities to ensure peace and security in the region.
Police are continuing their investigation into the identity and intentions of Narayan Singh Chaura, while security around the Golden Temple has been increased following the incident.
On December 2, a bullet was fired within the premises of the Golden Temple in Amritsar, where Shiromani Akali Dal (SAD) leaders, including party chief Sukhbir Singh Badal, were performing ‘seva’ (selfless service). The seva was being carried out in accordance with the religious punishments pronounced by Sri Akal Takht Sahib, the highest temporal authority of the Sikh religion.
The shooting occurred as the SAD leaders were engaged in their religious duties, but fortunately, no one was injured. The incident has raised concerns regarding security within the holy site, especially given its historical and religious significance.
The authorities are investigating the attack, and the assailant, identified as Narayan Singh Chaura, has been apprehended. His motives are still being explored, particularly in connection to the Khalistani separatist movement. Security at the Golden Temple has been heightened in response to the incident.
“There were proper security arrangements here… Sukhbir ji was properly covered (given cover)… Narayan Singh Chaura (the assailant) was here yesterday as well… Today too, he first paid obeisance to the Guru,” ANI quoted ADCP Harpal Singh as saying.
This statement was made following the attack on Shiromani Akali Dal (SAD) leader Sukhbir Singh Badal at the Golden Temple. Despite the presence of security, the assailant, Narayan Singh Chaura, was able to carry out the attack after paying respects at the temple. Authorities are now investigating the assailant’s actions, including his previous visits to the Golden Temple and his intentions behind the shooting.

Sukhbir Singh Badal’s penance
On Tuesday, Shiromani Akali Dal (SAD) leader Sukhbir Singh Badal, dressed in blue ‘sewadar’ clothes, was seen performing his religious punishment outside the Golden Temple. Despite having a fractured leg and seated in a wheelchair, Badal held a spear in one hand as part of his penance. This came after the Sikh clergy, on Monday, pronounced the ‘tankhah’ (religious punishment) for Badal and other leaders due to “mistakes” made during the Shiromani Akali Dal’s rule in Punjab from 2007 to 2017.
The punishment included serving as a ‘sewadar’, where both Badal and senior Akali leader Sukhdev Singh Dhindsa, who was also in a wheelchair due to his age, performed their duties for an hour. Badal and Dhindsa wore small boards around their necks, acknowledging their “misdeeds.” Meanwhile, former Punjab minister Bikram Singh Majithia was seen washing utensils as part of his punishment.
The act of ‘seva’ was a demonstration of their repentance, as ordered by the Sikh clergy at the Akal Takht, which also included washing dishes and cleaning shoes at the Golden Temple.
Despite the strict security measures in place, Badal was attacked by alleged Khalistani activist Narayan Singh Chaura, who fired a bullet at the premises but caused no injuries.Before the pronouncement of the religious punishment (tankhah), Sukhbir Singh Badal acknowledged his mistakes, including the controversial decision to pardon Dera Sacha Sauda chief Gurmeet Ram Rahim Singh in a 2007 blasphemy case during the Shiromani Akali Dal’s (SAD) rule in Punjab. This admission of guilt played a significant role in the Akal Takht’s decision to impose the punishment.
The ‘tankhah’ was announced nearly three months after Sukhbir Badal was declared ‘tankhaiya’ (guilty of religious misconduct) by the Akal Takht, the highest authority of the Sikh community.
Akal Takht Jathedar Giani Raghbir Singh also directed other Akali leaders, including Sucha Singh Langah, Hira Singh Gabria, Balwinder Singh Bhundar, and Daljit Singh, to face similar penalties for their actions during the SAD’s tenure. The punishment was part of an effort to address what the Sikh clergy considered mistakes made by the leadership during their time in power.
As part of the religious punishment (tankhah), Akal Takht Jathedar Giani Raghbir Singh also instructed several other Akali leaders to perform specific acts of penance. In addition to the physical tasks, the leaders were required to listen to ‘kirtan’ (devotional hymns) for one hour to reflect on their mistakes.
Other prominent Akali leaders, including Bibi Jagir Kaur, Prem Singh Chandumajra, Surjit Singh Rakhra, Bikram Singh Majithia, Mahesh Inder Singh Grewal, Charanjit Singh Atwal, and Adesh Partap Singh Kairon, were directed to clean the washrooms at the Golden Temple for one hour. This act of ‘seva’ (selfless service) was a part of their punishment for their involvement in the actions of the Shiromani Akali Dal during their time in power. The imposition of the ‘tankhah’ was seen as a way to atone for what the Sikh clergy viewed as misdeeds.
Courtesy: India Today
References
- ^ Shah, Murtaza Ali (27 January 2022). “Khalistan flag installed on Gandhi Statue in Washington”. Geo News. Archived from the original on 31 July 2022. Retrieved 31 July 2022.
- ^ Kinnvall, Catarina (24 January 2007). “Situating Sikh and Hindu Nationalism in India”. Globalization and Religious Nationalism in India: The Search for Ontological Security. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-13-413570-7. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 14 August 2015.
- ^ Crenshaw, Martha, 1995, Terrorism in Context, Pennsylvania State University, ISBN 978-0-271-01015-1 p. 364
- ^ Canton, Naomi (10 June 2022). “Banned SFJ leader unveils ‘Khalistan map’, with Shimla as ‘capital’, before Pak press in Lahore”. The Times of India. Archived from the original on 10 February 2023. Retrieved 26 March 2023.
- ^ Mehtab Ali Shah, The Foreign Policy of Pakistan 1997, pp. 24–25.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Axel, Brian Keith (2001). The Nation’s Tortured Body: Violence, Representation, and the Formation of a Sikh “Diaspora”. Duke University Press. p. 84. ISBN 978-0-8223-2615-1. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
The call for a Sikh homeland was first made in the 1930s, addressed to the quickly dissolving empire.
- ^ Shani, Giorgio (2007). Sikh Nationalism and Identity in a Global Age. Routledge. p. 51. ISBN 978-1-134-10189-4. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
However, the term Khalistan was first coined by Dr V.S. Bhatti to denote an independent Sikh state in March 1940. Dr Bhatti made the case for a separate Sikh state in a pamphlet entitled ‘Khalistan’ in response to the Muslim League’s Lahore Resolution.
- ^ Bianchini, Stefano; Chaturvedi, Sanjay; Ivekovic, Rada; Samaddar, Ranabir (2004). Partitions: Reshaping States and Minds. Routledge. p. 121. ISBN 978-1-134-27654-7. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
Around the same time, a pamphlet of about forty pages, entitled ‘Khalistan’, and authored by medical doctor, V.S. Bhatti, also appeared.
- ^ Gupta, Shekhar; Subramanian, Nirupaman (15 December 1993). “You can’t get Khalistan through military movement: Jagat Singh Chouhan”. India Today. Archived from the original on 4 February 2021. Retrieved 29 November 2019.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d “New brand of Sikh militancy: Suave, tech-savvy pro-Khalistan youth radicalised on social media”. Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 4 March 2021. Retrieved 27 April 2018.
- ^ Jump up to:a b “India gives Trudeau list of suspected Sikh separatists in Canada”. Reuters. 22 February 2018. Archived from the original on 3 February 2021. Retrieved 22 May 2018.
The Sikh insurgency petered out in the 1990s. He told state leaders his country would not support anyone trying to reignite the movement for an independent Sikh homeland called Khalistan.
- ^ Fair, C. Christine (2005). “Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies: Insights from the Khalistan and Tamil Eelam Movements”. Nationalism and Ethnic Politics. 11: 125–156. doi:10.1080/13537110590927845. ISSN 1353-7113. S2CID 145552863.
- ^ Weisman, Steven R. “A Top Indian General is Assassinated”, Seattle Post-Intelligencer, 11 August 1986.
- ^ “The Vaidya Murder Case: Confirming Death Sentences”, India Abroad. (New York edition). New York, N.Y.: 24 July 1992. Vol.XXII, Issue. 43; pg.20.
- ^ “Punjab on edge over hanging of Beant Singh’s killer Bhai Balwant Singh Rajoana”. India Today. 28 March 2012. Archived from the original on 29 March 2012. Retrieved 28 March 2012.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f g h Van Dyke, The Khalistan Movement (2009), p. 990.
- ^ Ali, Haider (6 June 2018). “Mass protests erupt around Golden Temple complex as pro-Khalistan sikhs mark Blue Star anniversary”. Daily Pakistan. Archived from the original on 6 July 2020. Retrieved 25 June 2018.
- ^ “UK: Pakistani-origin lawmaker leads protests in London to call for Kashmir, Khalistan freedom”. Scroll. 27 January 2018. Archived from the original on 3 February 2021. Retrieved 29 June 2018.
- ^ Bhattacharyya, Anirudh (5 June 2017). “Pro-Khalistan groups plan event in Canada to mark Operation Bluestar anniversary”. Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 4 February 2021. Retrieved 6 July 2018.
- ^ Majumdar, Ushinor. “Sikh Extremists in Canada, The UK And Italy Are Working With ISI Or Independently”. Outlook India. Archived from the original on 20 July 2019. Retrieved 8 June 2018.
Q. Is it clear which “foreign hand” is driving this entire nexus? A. Evidence gathered by the police and other agencies points to the ISI as the key perpetrator of extremism in Punjab. (Amarinder Singh Indian Punjab Chief Minister)
- ^ “Simranjit Singh Mann stokes row, dedicates Sangrur win to Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale: Know about pro-Khalistan leader”, Firstpost, 27 June 2022, archived from the original on 27 June 2022, retrieved 27 June 2022
- ^ “Sangrur Bypoll Results Live: AAP loses Bhagwant Mann’s seat, SAD-A wins by 6,800 votes”, Hindustan Times, 26 June 2022, archived from the original on 26 June 2022, retrieved 26 June 2022
- ^ Wallace, Paul (1986). “The Sikhs as a “Minority” in a Sikh Majority State in India”. Asian Survey. 26 (3): 363–377. doi:10.2307/2644197. ISSN 0004-4687. JSTOR 2644197.
Over 8,000,000 of India’s 10,378,979 Sikhs were concentrated in Punjab
- ^ Jolly, Sikh Revivalist Movements (1988), p. 6.
- ^ Purewal, Navtej K. (2017). Living on the Margins: Social Access to Shelter in Urban South Asia. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-351-74899-5. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
The wrangling between various Sikh groupings were resolved by the nineteenth century when Maharajah Ranjit Singh unified the Punjab from Peshawar t the Sutluj River.
- ^ Panton, Kenneth J. (2015). Historical Dictionary of the British Empire. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 470. ISBN 978-0-8108-7524-1. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
A second conflict, just two years later, led to complete subjugation of the Sikhs and the incorporation of the remainder of their lands
- ^ Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 127.
- ^ Axel, Brian Keith (2001). The Nation’s Tortured Body: Violence, Representation, and the Formation of a Sikh “Diaspora”. Duke University Press. p. 85. ISBN 978-0-8223-2615-1. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
The Akalis viewed the Lahore Resolution and the Cripps Mission as a betrayal of the Sikhs and an attempt to usurp what, since the time of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, was historically a Sikh territory.
- ^ Tan, Tai Yong; Kudaisya, Gyanesh (2005) [First published 2000], The Aftermath of Partition in South Asia, Routledge, p. 100, ISBN 978-0-415-28908-5,
The professed intention of the Muslim League to impose a Muslim state on the Punjab (a Muslim majority province) was anathema to the Sikhs … the Sikhs launched a virulent campaign against the Lahore Resolution … Sikh leaders of all political persuasions made it clear that Pakistan would be ‘wholeheartedly resisted’.
- ^ Axel, Brian Keith (2001). The Nation’s Tortured Body: Violence, Representation, and the Formation of a Sikh “Diaspora”. Duke University Press. p. 84. ISBN 978-0-8223-2615-1. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
Against the nationalist ideology of a united India, which called for all groups to set aside “communal” differences, the Shiromani Akali Dal Party of the 1930s rallied around the proposition of a Sikh panth (community) that was separate from Hindus and Muslims.
- ^ Shani, Giorgio (2007). Sikh Nationalism and Identity in a Global Age. Routledge. p. 52. ISBN 978-1-134-10189-4. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
Khalistan was imagined as a theocratic state, a mirror-image of ‘Muslim’ Pakistan, led by the Maharaja of Patiala with the aid of a cabinet consisting of representing federating units.
- ^ Shah, Mehtab Ali (1997), The Foreign Policy of Pakistan: Ethnic Impacts on Diplomacy 1971–1994, I.B.Tauris, ISBN 978-1-86064-169-5, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 5 October 2020
- ^ Hill, K.; Seltzer, W.; Leaning, J.; Malik, S.J.; Russell, S. S.; Makinson, C. (2003), A Demographic Case Study of Forced Migration: The 1947 Partition of India, Harvard University Asia Center, archived from the original on 6 December 2008
- ^ McLeod, W. H. (1989), The Sikhs: History, Religion, and Society, Columbia University Press, ISBN 978-0-231-06815-4
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 129.
- ^ “Gurudwaras Outside of Punjab State”. Gateway To Sikhism. 30 November 1999. Archived from the original on 2 March 2021. Retrieved 17 October 2020.
- ^ Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 130.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d e Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 128.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 134.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f g h Jetly, Rajshree. 2006. “The Khalistan Movement in India: The Interplay of Politics and State Power.” International Review of Modern Sociology 34(1):61–62. JSTOR 41421658.
- ^ “Hindu-Sikh relations – I”. The Tribune. Chandigarh, India: Tribuneindia.com. 3 November 2003. Archived from the original on 5 June 2011.
- ^ Chawla, Muhammad Iqbal. 2017. The Khalistan Movement of 1984: A Critical Appreciation.
- ^ “The Punjab Reorganisation Act, 1966” (PDF). Government of India. 18 September 1966. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 January 2012.
- ^ Stanley Wolpert (2005). India. University of California Press. p. 216. ISBN 9780520246966. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 11 March 2023.
- ^ Mitra, Subrata K. (2007), The Puzzle of India’s Governance: Culture, Context and Comparative Theory, Advances in South Asian Studies: Routledge, p. 94, ISBN 978-1-134-27493-2, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 6 March 2018
- ^ Singh, Khushwant (2004), “The Anandpur Sahib Resolution and Other Akali Demands”, A History of the Sikhs: Volume 2: 1839–2004, Oxford University Press, doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195673098.001.0001, ISBN 978-0-19-567309-8
- ^ Ray, Jayanta Kumar (2007), Aspects of India’s International Relations, 1700 to 2000: South Asia and the World, Pearson Education India, p. 484, ISBN 978-81-317-0834-7, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 16 August 2019
- ^ Jump up to:a b c Akshayakumar Ramanlal Desai (1991). Expanding Governmental Lawlessness and Organized Struggles. Popular Prakashan. pp. 64–66. ISBN 978-81-7154-529-2.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 135.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d Pandya, Haresh (11 April 2007). “Jagjit Singh Chauhan, Sikh Militant Leader in India, Dies at 80”. The New York Times. Archived from the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 17 February 2017.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Axel, The Nation’s Tortured Body (2011), pp. 101–
- ^ Jump up to:a b Gupta, Shekhar; Subramanian, Nirupaman (15 December 1993). “You can’t get Khalistan through military movement: Jagat Singh Chouhan”. India Today. Archived from the original on 4 February 2021. Retrieved 29 November 2019.
- ^ Thomas, Jo (14 June 1984). “London Sikh Assumes Role of Exile Chief”. The New York Times. Archived from the original on 24 October 2018. Retrieved 24 October 2018.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c Dulat, A. S. (13 December 2020). “Genesis of tumultuous period in Punjab”. The Tribune. Chandigarh, India. Archived from the original on 24 June 2021. Retrieved 13 June 2021.
Bhindranwale never raised the demand for Khalistan or went beyond the Akali Anandpur Sahib Resolution, while he himself was prepared for negotiations to the very end.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Stevens, William K. (19 June 1984). “Punjab Raid: Unanswered Questions”. The News York Times. Archived from the original on 24 June 2021. Retrieved 12 June 2021.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d e Chima, Jugdep S (2008), The Sikh Separatist Insurgency in India: Political Leadership and Ethnonationalist Movements, India: Sage Publications, pp. 71–75, ISBN 978-81-321-0538-1, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 5 October 2020
- ^ Sharma, Sanjay (5 June 2011). “Bhajan Lal lived with ‘anti-Sikh, anti-Punjab’ image”. The Times of India. Archived from the original on 10 June 2011.
- ^ Stepan, Alfred; Linz, Juan J.; Yadav, Yogendra (2011), Crafting State-Nations: India and Other Multinational Democracies (Illustrated ed.), JHU Press, p. 97, ISBN 978-0-8018-9723-8, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 5 October 2020
- ^ Ghosh, Srikanta. 1997. Indian Democracy Derailed – Politics and Politicians. APH Publishing. ISBN 978-81-7024-866-8. p. 95.
- ^ Sisson, Mary. 2011. “Sikh Terrorism.” pp. 544–545 in The Sage Encyclopedia of Terrorism (2nd ed.), edited by G. Martin. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. ISBN 978-1-4129-8016-6. doi:10.4135/9781412980173.n368.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Sharma, Mool Chand, and A.K. Sharma, eds. 2004. “Discrimination Based on Religion Archived 24 October 2020 at the Wayback Machine.” pp. 108–110 in Discrimination Based on Sex, Caste, Religion, and Disability. New Delhi: National Council for Teacher Education. Archived from the original on 2 June 2010. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
- ^ Swami, Praveen (16 January 2014). “RAW chief consulted MI6 in build-up to Operation Bluestar”. The Hindu. Chennai, India. Archived from the original on 18 January 2014. Retrieved 9 August 2018.
- ^ Singh, Khushwant. 2004. A History of the Sikhs, Volume II: 1839–2004. New Delhi: Oxford University Press. p. 337.
- ^ Subramanian, L. N. (12 October 2006). “Operation Bluestar, 05 June 1984”. Bharat Rakshak Monitor. 3 (2). Archived from the original on 30 June 2020. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
- ^ Jump up to:a b “Sikh Leader in Punjab Accord Assassinated”. Los Angeles Times. Times Wire Services. 21 August 1985. Archived from the original on 29 January 2016. Retrieved 9 August 2018.
- ^ Tully, Mark; Jacob, Satish (1985). Amritsar: Mrs Gandhi’s Last Battle (5 ed.). J. Cape. p. 147. ISBN 978-0-22-402328-3. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ Wolpert, Stanley A., ed. (2009). “India”. Encyclopædia Britannica.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Gates, Scott; Roy, Kaushik (4 February 2014). “Insurgency and Counter-Insurgency in Punjab”. Unconventional Warfare in South Asia: Shadow Warriors and Counterinsurgency. Ashgate Publishing. p. 167. ISBN 978-1-40-943706-2. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ Diwanji, Amberish K. (4 June 2004). “There is a limit to how much a country can take”. The Rediff Interview/Lieutenant General Kuldip Singh Brar (retired). Rediff.com. Archived from the original on 3 December 2019. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ Walia, Varinder (20 March 2007). “Army reveals startling facts on Bluestar, says Longowal surrendered”. The Tribune. Amristar. Archived from the original on 4 August 2020. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ Jugdep S Chima (2008). The Sikh Separatist Insurgency in India: Political Leadership and Ethnonationalist Movements. Sage Publishing India. pp. 114–. ISBN 978-9351509530. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 13 March 2023.
- ^ White Paper on the Punjab Agitation. New Delhi: Government of India Press. 1984. p. 40. OL 1839009M. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ Karim, Afsir (1991). Counter Terrorism, the Pakistan Factor. Lancer Publishers. pp. 33–36. ISBN 978-8170621270. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 13 March 2023.
- ^ “Pakistan would have recognised Khalistan”. Rediff.com. 3 June 2004. Archived from the original on 29 January 2009. Retrieved 20 June 2006.
- ^ Andrew, Christopher M.; Mitrokhin, Vasili (2005). The Mitrokhin Archive II: The KGB and the World. Allen Lane. p. 336. ISBN 978-0-7139-9359-2. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 30 September 2022.
- ^ Andrew, Christopher (2008). The World Was Going Our Way: The KGB and the Battle for the Third World. DIANE Publishing Company. ISBN 978-1-4223-9312-3. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 30 September 2022.
- ^ Subramanian Swamy (1992). Building a New India: An Agenda for National Renaissance. UBS Publishers’ Distributors. p. 18. ISBN 978-81-85674-21-6. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 6 September 2022.
The 1984 Operation Bluestar became necessary because of the vast disinformation against Sant Bhindranwale by the KGB, and repeated inside Parliament by the Congress Party of India.
- ^ Guidry, John A., Michael D. Kennedy, and Mayer N. Zald, eds. 2000. Globalizations and Social Movements: Culture, Power, and the Transnational Public Sphere. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 978-0-472-06721-3. p. 319.
- ^ Nanavati, G. T. 9 February 2005. “Report of the Justice Nanavati Commission of Inquiry (1984 Anti-Sikh Riots) Archived 3 February 2021 at the Wayback Machine” 1. New Delhi: Ministry of Home Affairs. Archived from the original 27 November 2014. Retrieved 18 May 2020. Also available via People’s Archive of Rural India Archived 7 May 2020 at the Wayback Machine.
- ^ Jump up to:a b “What about the big fish?”. Tehelka. Anant Media. 25 August 2005. Archived from the original on 13 September 2012.
- ^ Singh, Swadesh Bahadur. 31 May 1996. “Cabinet berth for a Sikh.” Indian Express.
- ^ Kumar, Ram Narayan, et al. 2003. Reduced to Ashes: The Insurgency and Human Rights in Punjab. South Asia Forum for Human Rights. p. 43. Available via Committee for Information and Initiative on Punjab.
- ^ In Depth: Air India Archived 18 March 2005 at the Wayback Machine – The Victims, CBC News Online, 16 March 2005
- ^ “Free. Fair. Fearless”. Tehelka. Archived from the original on 12 September 2012.
- ^ “Jagmeet Singh now rejects glorification of Air India bombing mastermind”. CBC News. 15 March 2018. Archived from the original on 2 October 2020. Retrieved 4 August 2020.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c Gilligan, Andrew (21 April 2008). “Ken’s adviser is linked to terror group”. London Evening Standard. Archived from the original on 12 June 2009. Retrieved 26 May 2009.
- ^ Bolan, Kim (9 February 2008). “Air India bombmaker sent to holding centre”. Ottawa Citizen. Archived from the original on 9 November 2012. Retrieved 31 May 2009.
- ^ “Convicted Air India bomb-builder Inderjit Singh Reyat gets bail”. CBC News. 9 July 2008. Archived from the original on 10 July 2008. Retrieved 10 June 2009.
- ^ “Sikh Temple Sit-In Is a Challenge for Punjab.” The New York Times. 2 February 1986.
- ^ Singh, I. (10 July 2012). “Sarbat Khalsa and Gurmata”. SikhNet. Archived from the original on 12 June 2013. Retrieved 15 March 2013.
- ^ “Sant Nirankari Mission”. nirankari.org. Archived from the original on 13 January 2023. Retrieved 13 January 2023.
- ^ “Gunmen Slaughter 32 on Bus in India in Bloodiest Attack of Sikh Campaign”. The Philadelphia Inquirer, 7 July 1987. Page A03.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d Gargan, Edward (10 October 1991). “Envoy of Romania Abducted in India”. The New York Times. Archived from the original on 23 October 2018. Retrieved 17 February 2017.
- ^ Gurharpal Singh, Ethnic Conflict in India (2000), Chapters 8 & 9.
- ^ Gurharpal Singh, Ethnic Conflict in India (2000), Chapter 10.
- ^ “Amnesty International report on Punjab”. Amnesty International. 20 January 2003. Archived from the original on 3 December 2006.
- ^ “The Tribune, Chandigarh, India – Punjab”. Tribuneindia.com. Archived from the original on 5 June 2011. Retrieved 27 September 2015.
- ^ “SAD (A) to contest the coming SGPC elections on Khalistan issue: Mann”. PunjabNewsline.com. 14 January 2010. Archived from the original on 15 July 2011.
- ^ “Balwinder Singh Sandu”. Gallantry Awards. Archived from the original on 31 October 2020. Retrieved 29 October 2020.
- ^ “Gunmen Wound India Ambassador”. Los Angeles Times. 21 August 1991. Archived from the original on 10 October 2012. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ “World Notes India”. Time. 21 October 1991. Archived from the original on 30 September 2007. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ “Secret Injustice: The Harpal Singh Case | Part 1: Flashback”. The Sikh Sentinel. 17 September 2003. Archived from the original on 8 March 2012.
- ^ Talbot, India and Pakistan (2000), p. 272.
- ^ Simmons, Mary Kate (1998). Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization: yearbook. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. p. 187. ISBN 978-90-411-0223-2. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 3 August 2018.
- ^ “Issue Paper INDIA: Sikhs in Punjab 1994–95”. Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada. February 1996. Retrieved 31 May 2009.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d “U.S. Court Convicts Khalid Awan for Supporting Khalistan Commando Force”. The United States Attorney’s Office. 20 December 2006. Archived from the original on 15 January 2012. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ Mahmood, Cynthia. 5 May 1997. “Fax to Ted Albers.” Orono, Maine: Resource Information Center.
- ^ Documentation, Information and Research Branch. 17 February 1997. “India: Information from four specialists on the Punjab, Response to Information Request #IND26376.EX.” Ottawa: Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada.
- ^ “Protecting the Killers: A Policy of Impunity in Punjab, India: I. Summary”. Human Rights Watch. 9 October 2006. Archived from the original on 12 October 2008. Retrieved 11 January 2010.
- ^ Special Broadcasting Service:: Dateline – presented by George Negus Archived 28 August 2008 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ “The Hindu: Opinion / News Analysis: Is justice possible without looking for the truth?”. The Hindu. 9 September 2005. Archived from the original on 22 May 2008.
- ^ “India: A vital opportunity to end impunity in Punjab”. Amnesty International USA. Archived from the original on 25 June 2009.
- ^ “ASW”. Human Rights Watch. 1992. Archived from the original on 12 October 2012. Retrieved 11 January 2010.
- ^ “India: Time to Deliver Justice for Atrocities in Punjab”. Human Rights Watch. 18 October 2007. Archived from the original on 13 January 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ “Document – India: Break the cycle of impunity and torture in Punjab | Amnesty International”. Amnesty International. 2003. Archived from the original on 12 June 2011. Retrieved 11 January 2010.
- ^ Sehgal, Manjeet (23 September 2019). “Punjab: Four Khalistan Zindabad Force terrorists arrested in Taran Taran”. India Today. Archived from the original on 15 December 2019. Retrieved 27 December 2019.
- ^ Service, Tribune News. “NIA demands custody of 4 in Tarn Taran blast case”. Tribuneindia News Service. Archived from the original on 27 December 2019. Retrieved 27 December 2019.
- ^ Punj, Balbair (16 June 2005). “The Ghost of Khalistan”. The Sikh Times. Archived from the original on 4 December 2018. Retrieved 23 January 2007.
- ^ “Terror attacks in Punjab being planned by pro-Khalistan outfits with Pak’s support: Intelligence sources”. DNA India. 26 December 2019. Archived from the original on 27 December 2019. Retrieved 27 December 2019.
- ^ Nanjappa, Vicky (26 December 2019). “High alert declared after IB picks up intercepts on possible terror attack in Punjab”. Oneindia. Archived from the original on 27 December 2019. Retrieved 27 December 2019.
- ^ “Official Resolutions From Sarbat Khalsa 2015”. Sikh24.com. 11 November 2015. Archived from the original on 12 November 2015. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
- ^ “Khalistan slogans raised as Mann comes to meet Khalsa”. The Indian Express. 25 July 2015. Archived from the original on 27 August 2015. Retrieved 14 August 2015.
- ^ “Probable Resurgence of the Khalistan Movement: Role of the Sikh Diaspora – Science, Technology and Security forum”. stsfor.org. Archived from the original on 16 October 2015. Retrieved 2 April 2023.
- ^ “Responses to Information Requests”. irb-cisr.gc.ca. 5 June 2018. Archived from the original on 14 August 2019. Retrieved 14 August 2019.
- ^ “Pro-Khalistan slogans raised on Bluestar anniversary in Punjab”. Deccan Herald. 6 June 2015. Archived from the original on 25 July 2015. Retrieved 14 August 2015.
- ^ “Pro-Khalistan slogans raised during Punjab CM Parkash Singh Badal’s function”. The Indian Express. 26 July 2015. Archived from the original on 29 August 2015. Retrieved 14 August 2015.
- ^ Kumar, Ram Narayan (1997), The Sikh unrest and the Indian state: politics, personalities, and historical retrospective, Ajanta, ISBN 978-81-202-0453-9 quoted in Rediff On the Net Archived 15 August 2018 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Pettigrew, The Sikhs of the Punjab (1995), pp. 188–197.
- ^ Van Dyke, The Khalistan Movement (2009), p. 992.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Van Dyke, The Khalistan Movement (2009), p. 991.
- ^ Jump up to:a b “No chance of another Khalistan movement in Punjab: Defence experts”. Hindustan Times. ANI. 19 March 2016. Archived from the original on 6 May 2018. Retrieved 5 May 2018.
- ^ Dhillon, Simrat (December 2007). “The Sikh Diaspora and the Quest for Khalistan: A Search for Statehood or for Self-preservation?” (PDF). Institute of Peace and Conflict Studies. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 August 2019. Retrieved 26 May 2009.
- ^ Anand, Nisha. “Australian police releases pics of 6 men involved in Khalistan referendum brawl”. Hindustan Times.
- ^ “Brawl breaks out over Khalistan referendum in Australia; India raises concerns with authorities”. The Indian Express. 30 January 2023. Retrieved 13 October 2024.
- ^ “‘Appalled’: Australian envoy on attack by Khalistan elements on pro-India groups”. Hindustan Times.
- ^ “Police investigating attack on Brampton radio host after remarks on Punjabi actor”. The Globe and Mail. 24 February 2022. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
He told police he was approached near his Brampton studio Wednesday afternoon by three men who were shouting support for Mr. Sidhu, who was also a Sikh activist. “One of them pulled a gun on me, and the other hit me on the head with a beer bottle,” he told The Globe and Mail.
- ^ “‘Bhindranwale 2.0’: Radical Khalistan Sympathiser Amritpal Singh Active in Punjab”. NDTV News. Archived from the original on 24 February 2023. Retrieved 24 February 2023.
Often escorted by armed supporters and donning a flowing white ‘chola’ and a navy-blue turban, radical preacher and Khalistan sympathiser Amritpal Singh has been very active for some time in Punjab.
- ^ Sethi, Chitleen K. (23 February 2023). “Radical activist Amritpal storms Ajnala police station with supporters, secures aide’s release”. ThePrint. Archived from the original on 24 February 2023. Retrieved 24 February 2023.
- ^ “Radical preacher Amritpal Singh issue: Habeas corpus petition moved in HC seeking his ‘release'”. The Financial Express. Archived from the original on 19 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
- ^ [137][138][139]
- ^ “Deep Sidhu disliked Amritpal Singh, blocked his phone”. Tribune India. Archived from the original on 10 February 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ Matharu, Sonal (25 October 2022). “Fiery orator, ‘Bhindranwale 2.0’ – who’s Amritpal Singh, new ‘head’ of Deep Sidhu’s Waris Punjab De”. ThePrint. Archived from the original on 16 November 2022. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “The rise and fall of Amritpal Singh”. Tribune India. Archived from the original on 20 March 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “Unaware how Amritpal Singh declared himself head of ‘Waris Punjab De’, says Deep Sidhu’s kin”. Financialexpress. 24 February 2023. Archived from the original on 19 March 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “Amritpal Singh: Amrit Sanchar to focus on ‘de-addiction’ of youth”. Tribune India. Archived from the original on 16 November 2022. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “‘Khalistan shouldn’t be seen as…’: Amritpal Singh as Toofan to be freed today”. Hindustan Times. 24 February 2023. Archived from the original on 24 February 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “Amritpal Singh | A radical preacher”. The Hindu. 25 February 2023. ISSN 0971-751X. Archived from the original on 31 March 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ Mogul, Rhea (22 March 2023). “Khalistan: The outlawed Sikh separatist movement that has Indian authorities on edge”. CNN. Archived from the original on 23 March 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “‘Waris Punjab De’ chief Amritpal Singh arrested from Punjab’s Moga under NSA; shifted to Assam’s Dibrugarh jail”. The Hindu. 23 April 2023. ISSN 0971-751X. Archived from the original on 23 April 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “Watch: Sikhs attack Indian consulate in San Francisco, raise Khalistani flag to protest against crackdown on Amritpal Singh”. Free Press Journal. 20 March 2023. Archived from the original on 21 March 2023. Retrieved 21 March 2023.
- ^ Simon Little; Julie Nolin. “Journalist allegedly assaulted as Punjab tensions spill over into B.C.” Global News. Archived from the original on 21 March 2023. Retrieved 21 March 2023.
- ^ “Indian High Commission: Diplomat summoned after London protest”. BBC News. 20 March 2023. Archived from the original on 25 June 2023. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
- ^ “Amritpal Singh’s brother-in-law key accused in attack on Indian high commission in Canada”. Hindustan Times. 24 June 2023. Archived from the original on 5 July 2023. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
- ^ “Pro-Khalistan protesters tried to set on fire India’s consulate in San Francisco”. The Tribune India. Archived from the original on 25 June 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “Senior Indian journalist attacked by pro-Khalistanis outside Indian Embassy in Washington”. Deccan Herald. 26 March 2023. Archived from the original on 25 June 2023. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
- ^ “Journalist allegedly assaulted as Punjab tensions spill over into B.C.” Global News. Archived from the original on 21 March 2023. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
- ^ “Journalist allegedly assaulted as Punjab tensions spill over into B.C.” Global News. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
- ^ “‘Mr Taranjit Singh Sandhu…’: Khalistan supporter threatens Indian envoy to US | Watch”. Hindustan Times. 26 March 2023. Archived from the original on 27 June 2023. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
- ^ Anirudh Bhattacharyya (27 April 2018). “Canadian police frees Khalistani ‘separatist’ Hardeep Nijjar after 24 hours in custody”. Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 21 September 2023. Retrieved 19 September 2023.
- ^ “2nd attack since March: Indian consulate set on fire in San Francisco; US condemns violence”. The Times of India. 4 July 2023. ISSN 0971-8257. Archived from the original on 4 July 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ Jump up to:a b “US condemns vandalism, attempted arson against Indian Consulate in San Francisco”. Tribune India. Archived from the original on 4 July 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “US condemns vandalism at Indian consulate in San Francisco”. Reuters. 4 July 2023. Archived from the original on 4 July 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “‘Heated’ demonstration at Indian consulate in Toronto sees one arrested”. The Globe and Mail. 9 July 2023. Archived from the original on 14 July 2023. Retrieved 14 July 2023.
Some online posters ahead of the event said “Kill India” and suggested, without evidence, that Indian diplomats played a role in Mr. Nijjar’s death.
- ^ “A year after Hardeep Singh Nijjar’s death, mysteries remain about how he really lived”. The Globe and Mail. 22 June 2024. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
- ^ “Pro-Khalistani Group in Toronto Glorifies Beant Singh’s Killer, Indian Authorities to Raise Issue With Canada | EXCLUSIVE”. News18. 2 September 2024. Retrieved 13 October 2024.
- ^ “Canada: Pro-Khalistan rallies feature floats celebrating 1995 Beant Singh bombing”. Business Today. 1 September 2024. Retrieved 13 October 2024.
- ^ “‘I will not be silenced’: Calgary radio host attack caught on CCTV”. Global News. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
- ^ “Calgary radio host speaks out after being attacked outside banquet hall”. Global News. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
- ^ “Indo-Canadian mediaperson, attacked by two persons, blames ‘pro-Khalistan’ elements”. Hindustan Times.
- ^ “Calgary police investigating weekend assault of radio host”. CTV News Calgary. 1 October 2024. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
- ^ “Radio journalist says he was assaulted in attack over news coverage”. Calgary Herald.
City police are seeking two suspects in an assault on a well-known radio journalist in Calgary’s northeast that apparently targeted his reporting on crime issues within the Sikh community.
- ^ “Calgary police probe assault of RED FM news director”. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation.
Staff Sgt. John Guigon said Nagar was struck in the head but was not seriously hurt, and that the incident was captured on video. “It was not a pleasant situation,” he said.”[It is] particularly troubling to us when a member of the media gets attacked in a democracy…. We’re throwing resources at it.”
- ^ [167][168][169][170][171][172]
- ^ Sharma, Abhinav (3 October 2024). “Canadian radio journalist Rishi Nagar attacked by Khalistani groups in Canada”. Diya TV. Retrieved 4 October 2024.
A group of men supportive of the Khalistan separatist movement violently assaulted Canada-based RED FM News Director Rishi Nagar allegedly for refusing to align with their agenda.
- ^ Moharib, Nadia (30 September 2024). “Man threatened outside NE temple, two arrested: Calgary police”. CityNews Calgary. Retrieved 11 October 2024.
- ^ Bradley, Jonathan (1 October 2024). “RED FM Calgary host says attack will not stop his journalism”. Western Standard. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
- ^ Bradley, Jonathan (2 October 2024). “UPDATED: Poilievre, Smith say they are disturbed by attack on RED FM Calgary host”. Western Standard. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
- ^ “Journalists reporting against Khalistan groups under attack in Canada, says Indian-origin MP”. The Tribune. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
- ^ O’Brien, Raju Mudhar, Abby (9 November 2024). “‘This is not a Hindu and Sikh battle’: The complex history behind protests that erupted at Brampton temples this week over Indian consular visits”. Toronto Star. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
In another video, individuals holding pro-Khalistan flagpoles can be seen running onto the property, striking those inside the perimeter with them. A chaotic scene ensues.
- ^ Aguilar, Bryann (3 November 2024). “Police increase their presence at Hindu temple in Brampton after protest”. CP24. Retrieved 3 November 2024.
- ^ ICI.Radio-Canada.ca, Zone Justice et faits divers- (4 November 2024). “3 arrested and charged after protest at Brampton Hindu temple, police say”. Radio-Canada.ca (in Canadian French). Retrieved 4 November 2024.
- ^ O’Brien, Raju Mudhar, Abby (9 November 2024). “‘This is not a Hindu and Sikh battle’: The complex history behind protests that erupted at Brampton temples this week over Indian consular visits”. Toronto Star. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
The clash saw three people arrested and an off-duty police officer who participated in the protest, Sergeant Harinder Sohi, suspended.
- ^ “Peel cop suspended after participating in protest outside Hindu temple”. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation.
- ^ “Who Is The Suspended Cop Harinder Sohi And What Happened At The Pro-Khalistan Protest?”. TheDailyGuardian. Retrieved 4 November 2024.
- ^ O’Brien, Raju Mudhar, Abby (9 November 2024). “‘This is not a Hindu and Sikh battle’: The complex history behind protests that erupted at Brampton temples this week over Indian consular visits”. Toronto Star. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
The video then appears to show one of the officers breaking away from his colleagues, running onto temple property, and repeatedly striking an individual. When reached for comment, Peel police said it was aware of the video and was looking into it.
- ^ “Video: Canadian cop punches Hindu man protesting against pro-Khalistan mob attack”. India Today. 4 November 2024. Retrieved 4 November 2024.
- ^ “Fears of more clashes between Sikhs and Hindus in Brampton, Ont., as Canada-India rift spills over into suburbs”. The Globe and Mail. 8 November 2024. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
The Khalistani protesters claimed the event at the Hindu temple Sunday – where Indian consular staff were helping Indian immigrants apply for government pensions – was part of surveillance efforts to keep tabs on pro-Khalistan Sikhs.
- ^ O’Brien, Raju Mudhar, Abby (9 November 2024). “‘This is not a Hindu and Sikh battle’: The complex history behind protests that erupted at Brampton temples this week over Indian consular visits”. Toronto Star. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
It was the presence of Indian Consular officials, who have been visiting communities to help older people in the diaspora who may be entitled to pensions, that prompted SFJ to plan Sunday’s demonstration.
- ^ “Violent clashes erupt outside consular camp at Hindu temple in Canada’s Brampton”. The Hindu. 4 November 2024. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
Most beneficiaries of the consular service organised by the Indian High Commission in Brampton were Sikh members of the Indian diaspora.
- ^ “Fears of more clashes between Sikhs and Hindus in Brampton, Ont., as Canada-India rift spills over into suburbs”. The Globe and Mail. 8 November 2024. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
- ^ O’Brien, Raju Mudhar, Abby (9 November 2024). “‘This is not a Hindu and Sikh battle’: The complex history behind protests that erupted at Brampton temples this week over Indian consular visits”. Toronto Star. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
- ^ Lavoie, Joanna (9 November 2024). “Another person charged following violent demonstrations in Peel Region”. CP24. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
- ^ “Clashes erupted outside a Hindu temple near Toronto. They’re the latest sign of Canada and India’s spiraling relations”. CNN.
- ^ Jump up to:a b “Not one of its leaders elected since 1999, SAD (Amritsar) still contests polls demanding Khalistan”. The Indian Express. 22 January 2022. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
Headed by former MP Simranjit Singh Mann, a retired IPS officer, SAD (Amritsar) is the only party which still contests the elections in Punjab with demand for a separate Khalistan.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Takkar, Jatin (4 June 2024). “Pro-Khalistan separatists Amritpal and Sarabjeet lead over rivals”. The Economic Times. ISSN 0013-0389. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
- ^ Sethi, Chitleen K. (5 June 2024). “Amritpal, Sarabjeet Singh Khalsa — Sikh radicals’ poll victories pose challenge for Mann govt”. ThePrint. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
Amritpal Singh won from Khadoor Sahib by biggest margin this election in Punjab & Beant Singh’s son Khalsa won in Faridkot. But, Simranjit Singh Mann lost his Sangrur seat.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c “General Election to Parliamentary Constituencies: Trends & Results June-2024”. Election Commission of India.
- ^ “Father didn’t care and laid down his life, Sikh community pulled family through troubled times: Sarabjit Singh Khalsa”. The Economic Times. 6 June 2024. ISSN 0013-0389. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
Six-year-old Sarabjit when his father Beant Singh, a Delhi police SI who was part of the PM’s security detail, along with another of her bodyguards, Satwant Singh, assassinated Indira Gandhi in October 1984.
- ^ Pettigrew, The Sikhs of the Punjab (1995), p. 24.
- ^ Aggarwal, J. C.; Agrawal, S. P. (1992), Modern History of Punjab, Concept Publishing Company, p. 117, ISBN 978-81-7022-431-0
- ^ Jump up to:a b Puri, Harish K., Paramjit Singh Judge, and Jagrup Singh Sekhon. 1999. Terrorism in Punjab: Understanding Grassroots Reality. New Delhi: Har-Anand Publications. pp. 68–71.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 133.
- ^ Jump up to:a b “Council Common Position 2005/427/CFSP of 6 June 2005 updating Common Position 2001/931/CFSP on the application of specific measures to combat terrorism and repealing Common Position 2005/220/CFSP” (PDF). European Union. 6 June 2005. p. 5. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 June 2013. Retrieved 31 May 2009.
- ^ “Currently listed entities (terrorist organizations-ed)”. Public Safety Canada. Archived from the original on 26 June 2009. Retrieved 31 May 2009.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f Milewski, Terry (28 June 2007). “Sikh politics in Canada. Symbols and suits. Sikh extremism enters mainstream Canadian politics”. CBC. Archived from the original on 1 June 2009. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ Jump up to:a b “Proscribed terrorist groups”. UK Office for Security and Counter Terrorism. Archived from the original on 15 June 2009. Retrieved 24 May 2009.
- ^ “Terrorist Exclusion List”. U. S. Bureau of Counterterrorism and Countering Violent Extremism. 29 December 2004. Archived from the original on 13 May 2009. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ “Appendix F: Countering Terrorism on the Economic Front” (PDF). US Department of State. p. 2. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 November 2020. Retrieved 31 May 2009.
- ^ Mahmood (1996), p. 328
- ^ Martha Crenshaw, ed. (1995), Terrorism in Context, Pennsylvania State University Press, p. 656, ISBN 978-0-271-01015-1, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 29 August 2020
- ^ Atkins, Stephen E. (2004), Encyclopedia of modern worldwide extremists and extremist groups (illustrated ed.), Greenwood Publishing Group, p. 404, ISBN 978-0-313-32485-7, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 26 June 2009
- ^ “Foreign Terrorist Organizations”. U. S. Department of State. 8 April 2008. Archived from the original on 13 May 2009.
- ^ “Law Enforcement Cases: International Narcotics Control Strategy Report: Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs”. US Department of State. March 2008. Archived from the original on 16 August 2019. Retrieved 8 June 2009.
- ^ Office of the Coordinator for Counterterrorism (April 1996). “1995 Patterns of Global Terrorism”. Federation of American Scientists. Archived from the original on 22 January 2009. Retrieved 30 May 2009.
- ^ Pratap, Anita (22 May 1996). “Bus explosion in India kills at least 14: It’s the second bombing in two days”. New Delhi: CNN. Archived from the original on 8 November 2012. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ “CNN – Fatal bomb meant to disrupt – April 21, 1996”. cnn.com. Archived from the original on 8 November 2012. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ “KZF behind Jalandhar blasts”. The Indian Express. 19 June 2006. Archived from the original on 5 June 2009. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ “Patterns of Global Terrorism: 1997 – appendix B”. U. S. Department of State. 1997. Archived from the original on 23 November 2010. Retrieved 25 May 2009.
- ^ Nayar, Kuldip (22 February 1999). “It is fundamentalism again”. Rediff.com. Archived from the original on 5 January 2012. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ Juergensmeyer, Mark (14 October 2004). “From Bhindranwale to Bin Laden: Understanding Religious Violence” (PDF). Self. p. 30. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 July 2011. Retrieved 26 May 2009.
- ^ Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 136.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 132.
- ^ Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 137.
- ^ Downing, John D. H. (2011). Encyclopedia of Social Movement Media. Sage. p. 290. ISBN 978-0-7619-2688-7. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 25 October 2018.
- ^ Simmons, Mary Kate (1998). Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization: yearbook. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. p. 187. ISBN 978-90-411-0223-2. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 5 October 2020.
- ^ Anderson, Edward T. G. (1 January 2024). Hindu Nationalism in the Indian Diaspora: Transnational Politics and British Multiculturalism. Oxford University Press. p. 333. ISBN 978-0-19-778328-3.
- ^ Behera, Demystifying Kashmir (2007), pp. 87–88.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Haqqani, Pakistan Between the Mosque and Military (2010), pp. 270–271.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Sirrs, Pakistan’s Inter-Services Intelligence Directorate (2016), p. 167.
- ^ Haqqani, Pakistan Between the Mosque and Military (2010), p. 272.
- ^ “Canadian gets 14 years for funding terrorists”. The Globe and Mail. 13 September 2007. Archived from the original on 24 September 2021. Retrieved 5 October 2018.
- ^ Nanjappa, Vicky (10 June 2008). “200 Pak organisations raise funds for terror: IB”. Rediff.com. Archived from the original on 22 July 2021. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Markham, James M. (16 June 1984). “India Talks of C.I.A. Role in Unrest”. The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 28 November 2019. Retrieved 28 November 2019.
- ^ “CIA, ISI encouraged Sikh terrorism”. The Times of India. Press Trust of India. 26 July 2007. Archived from the original on 1 April 2020. Retrieved 28 November 2019.
- ^ “US, Pak ISI had a hand in Punjab militancy: Book”. Hindustan Times. 26 July 2007. Archived from the original on 6 February 2021. Retrieved 1 December 2019.
- ^ Nakashima, Ellen; Shih, Gerry; Amanda, Coletta (29 November 2023). “U.S. prosecutors allege assassination plot of Sikh separatist directed by Indian government employee”. The Washington Post. Retrieved 29 November 2023.
- ^ “Sikh extremism spread fast in Canada”. expressindia.com. 23 May 2007. Archived from the original on 14 October 2012. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ “Sikh extremism in Canada mushroomed very quickly”. rediff.com. 23 May 2007. Archived from the original on 28 March 2012. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ Brown, Jim (22 November 2007). “The reign of terror is still there”. Toronto Star. Archived from the original on 12 October 2012. Retrieved 2 September 2017.
- ^ Kay, Jonathan (17 November 2008). “A true Sikh martyr: Jonathan Kay on the 10th anniversary of the assassination of Tara Singh Hayer”. The National Post. Retrieved 7 June 2009.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Bolan, Kim (2006). Loss of Faith: How the Air-India Bombers Got Away With Murder (Paperback ed.). McClelland & Stewart. p. 388 (Chapters 6 and 7). ISBN 978-0-7710-1131-3.
- ^ “Testimony: Babbar Khalsa Ordered Tara Singh Hayer Slaying”. CanWest News Service. 14 December 2003. Archived from the original on 28 September 2011. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ Summers, Chris (2 June 2000). “Call for end to Sikh murder mystery”. BBC News. Archived from the original on 12 November 2013. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ Summers, Chris (17 March 2005). “Call for police to solve Sikh murder”. BBC News. Archived from the original on 7 May 2010. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ “Netfirms | This site is temporarily unavailable”. Worldsikh.ca. Archived from the original on 1 January 2012. Retrieved 27 September 2015.
- ^ Grewal, San (11 July 2007). “Sikh organization sues CBC”. Toronto Star. Archived from the original on 27 January 2020. Retrieved 27 January 2020.
- ^ “Canadian journalist hits out at Sikh extremism”. The Times of India. 1 July 2007.[dead link]
- ^ Morley, Robert. “Sikh Terrorism Enters Politics in Canada”. The Trumpet. Archived from the original on 2 June 2011. Retrieved 25 May 2009.
- ^ Thorne, Barry (6 March 2008). “India PM warns against renewed Sikh extremism”. Radio Netherlands Worldwide. Archived from the original on 10 March 2008.
- ^ Bolan, Kim (11 March 2008). “Sikh separatist threat on rise in Canada: Indian PM warns of resurgent threat in Canada”. Vancouver Sun. Archived from the original on 12 November 2013.
- ^ “Amarinder Singh meets Justin Trudeau and Canada’s ‘Khalistani sympathiser’ minister”. The Times of India. 21 February 2018. Archived from the original on 11 October 2018. Retrieved 8 June 2018.
- ^ Singh, Surjit; Sharma, Anil (21 February 2018). “Khalistan figures in Trudeau-Amarinder talks, Punjab CM hands over list of 9 Canada-based radicals”. Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 8 June 2018.
- ^ Connolly, Amanda. “Jagmeet Singh defends speaking at Sikh separatist rally in 2015”. Global News. Archived from the original on 23 May 2018. Retrieved 22 May 2018.
- ^ “Khalistan no issue either in Canada or Punjab, says Sukhbir Badal”. Hindustan Times. 23 February 2018. Archived from the original on 11 March 2018. Retrieved 11 March 2018.
- ^ Milewski, Terry (September 2020). “Khalistan: A project of Pakistan” (PDF). Macdonald-Laurier Institute. Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 December 2020. Retrieved 4 February 2021.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c Pathi, Krutika (19 September 2023). “India expels Canadian diplomat, escalating tensions after Trudeau accuses India in Sikh’s killing”. AP News. Archived from the original on 19 September 2023. Retrieved 19 September 2023.
- ^ Staff, Star (14 October 2024). “Canada and India each expel six diplomats amid murder investigation of Sikh activist in B.C.” Toronto Star. Retrieved 27 November 2024.
- ^ “Trudeau accuses India in killing of Sikh leader on Canadian soil”. The Globe and Mail. 18 September 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2024.
- ^ “Sikh separatists ‘funded from UK'”. BBC News. 4 March 2008. Archived from the original on 26 March 2012. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ Bassey, Amardeep (26 February 2008). “TRANSCRIPT OF “FILE ON 4″- ‘SIKH GROUPS'” (PDF). BBC News. p. 20. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 February 2022. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ “Foreign Terrorist Organizations”. U. S. Department of State. 8 April 2008. Archived from the original on 13 May 2009.
- ^ “Terrorism: What You Need To Know About U.S. Sanctions”. U.S. Department of Treasury. Archived from the original on 20 October 2011. Retrieved 24 May 2009.
- ^ Gilligan, Andrew (21 April 2008). “Sikh civil servant who backs ‘martyr’ is now on TfL board” (PDF). Evening Standard. London. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 June 2009.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Bolan, Kim (18 February 2008). “Sikh leader solicits support”. Vancouver Sun. Archived from the original on 3 June 2009.
- ^ “Sikh separatists ‘funded from UK'”. BBC. 4 March 2008. Archived from the original on 14 December 2021. Retrieved 24 April 2008.
- Axel, Brian Keith (2001), The nation’s Tortured Body: Violence, representation, and the formation of a Sikh “Diaspora”, Duke University Press, ISBN 978-0-8223-2615-1
- Behera, Navnita Chadha (2007), Demystifying Kashmir, Pearson Education India, ISBN 978-8131708460
- Deol, Harnik (2000), Religion and Nationalism in India: The case of the Punjab, Routledge, ISBN 978-0-415-20108-7
- Fair, C. Christine (2005), “Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies: Insights from the Khalistan and Tamil Eelam Movements”, Nationalism and Ethnic Politics, 11: 125–156, doi:10.1080/13537110590927845, S2CID 145552863
- Ghosh, Srikanta (1997), Indian Democracy Derailed – Politics and Politicians, APH Publishing, ISBN 978-81-7024-866-8, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 16 August 2019
- Haqqani, Husain (2010), Pakistan: Between Mosque and Military, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, ISBN 978-0-87003-285-1
- Jodhka, Surinder S. (21 April 2001), “Looking Back at the Khalistan Movement: Some Recent Researches on Its Rise and Decline”, Economic and Political Weekly, 36 (16): 1311–1318
- Jolly, Surjit (1988), Sikh Revivalist Movements, Gitanjali Publishing House, ISBN 978-81-85060-23-1, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 24 December 2018
- Mahmood, Cynthia Keppley (1996), Fighting for Faith and Nation, Series in Contemporary Ethnography, University of Pennsylvania Press, ISBN 978-0-8122-1592-2, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 29 August 2020
- Nayar, Kuldip; Singh, Kushwant (1985), Tragedy of Punjab, Vision Books, ISBN 1-85127-069-8, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 24 December 2018
- Pettigrew, Joyce (1995), The Sikhs of the Punjab: Unheard Voices of State and Guerrilla Violence, Zed Books, ISBN 978-1-85649-355-0
- Shah, Mehtab Ali (1997), The Foreign Policy of Pakistan: Ethnic Impacts on Diplomacy 1971–1994, I.B.Tauris, ISBN 978-1-86064-169-5
- Shani, Giorgio (2005), “Beyond Khalistan? Sikh diasporic identity and critical international theory1”, Sikh Formations, 1 (1): 57–74, doi:10.1080/17448720500132565, S2CID 145300683
- Shani, Giorgio (2008), Sikh Nationalism and Identity in a Global Age, Routledge, ISBN 978-0-415-42190-4, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 24 December 2018
- Singh, Gurharpal (2000), Ethnic Conflict in India: A Case-Study of Punjab, Palgrave Macmillan UK, ISBN 978-0-333-98177-1, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 3 December 2018
- Sirrs, Owen L. (2016). Pakistan’s Inter-Services Intelligence Directorate: Covert Action and Internal Operations. Routledge. p. 167. ISBN 978-1-317-19609-9.
- Tambiah, Stanley Jeyaraja (1996), Leveling Crowds: Ethnonationalist conflicts and collective violence in South Asia, University of California Press, ISBN 978-0-520-20642-7, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 24 December 2018
- Talbot, Ian (2000), India and Pakistan: Inventing the Nation, Bloomsbury Academic, ISBN 978-0-340-70633-6, archived from the original on 7 February 2023, retrieved 3 December 2018
- Van Dyke, Virginia (2009), “The Khalistan Movement in Punjab, India, and the Post-Militancy Era: Structural Change and New Political Compulsions”, Asian Survey, 49 (6): 975–997, doi:10.1525/as.2009.49.6.975
- References
- Citations
- ^ Shah, Murtaza Ali (27 January 2022). “Khalistan flag installed on Gandhi Statue in Washington”. Geo News. Archived from the original on 31 July 2022. Retrieved 31 July 2022.
- ^ Kinnvall, Catarina (24 January 2007). “Situating Sikh and Hindu Nationalism in India”. Globalization and Religious Nationalism in India: The Search for Ontological Security. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-13-413570-7. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 14 August 2015.
- ^ Crenshaw, Martha, 1995, Terrorism in Context, Pennsylvania State University, ISBN 978-0-271-01015-1 p. 364
- ^ Canton, Naomi (10 June 2022). “Banned SFJ leader unveils ‘Khalistan map’, with Shimla as ‘capital’, before Pak press in Lahore”. The Times of India. Archived from the original on 10 February 2023. Retrieved 26 March 2023.
- ^ Mehtab Ali Shah, The Foreign Policy of Pakistan 1997, pp. 24–25.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Axel, Brian Keith (2001). The Nation’s Tortured Body: Violence, Representation, and the Formation of a Sikh “Diaspora”. Duke University Press. p. 84. ISBN 978-0-8223-2615-1. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
The call for a Sikh homeland was first made in the 1930s, addressed to the quickly dissolving empire.
- ^ Shani, Giorgio (2007). Sikh Nationalism and Identity in a Global Age. Routledge. p. 51. ISBN 978-1-134-10189-4. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
However, the term Khalistan was first coined by Dr V.S. Bhatti to denote an independent Sikh state in March 1940. Dr Bhatti made the case for a separate Sikh state in a pamphlet entitled ‘Khalistan’ in response to the Muslim League’s Lahore Resolution.
- ^ Bianchini, Stefano; Chaturvedi, Sanjay; Ivekovic, Rada; Samaddar, Ranabir (2004). Partitions: Reshaping States and Minds. Routledge. p. 121. ISBN 978-1-134-27654-7. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
Around the same time, a pamphlet of about forty pages, entitled ‘Khalistan’, and authored by medical doctor, V.S. Bhatti, also appeared.
- ^ Gupta, Shekhar; Subramanian, Nirupaman (15 December 1993). “You can’t get Khalistan through military movement: Jagat Singh Chouhan”. India Today. Archived from the original on 4 February 2021. Retrieved 29 November 2019.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d “New brand of Sikh militancy: Suave, tech-savvy pro-Khalistan youth radicalised on social media”. Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 4 March 2021. Retrieved 27 April 2018.
- ^ Jump up to:a b “India gives Trudeau list of suspected Sikh separatists in Canada”. Reuters. 22 February 2018. Archived from the original on 3 February 2021. Retrieved 22 May 2018.
The Sikh insurgency petered out in the 1990s. He told state leaders his country would not support anyone trying to reignite the movement for an independent Sikh homeland called Khalistan.
- ^ Fair, C. Christine (2005). “Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies: Insights from the Khalistan and Tamil Eelam Movements”. Nationalism and Ethnic Politics. 11: 125–156. doi:10.1080/13537110590927845. ISSN 1353-7113. S2CID 145552863.
- ^ Weisman, Steven R. “A Top Indian General is Assassinated”, Seattle Post-Intelligencer, 11 August 1986.
- ^ “The Vaidya Murder Case: Confirming Death Sentences”, India Abroad. (New York edition). New York, N.Y.: 24 July 1992. Vol.XXII, Issue. 43; pg.20.
- ^ “Punjab on edge over hanging of Beant Singh’s killer Bhai Balwant Singh Rajoana”. India Today. 28 March 2012. Archived from the original on 29 March 2012. Retrieved 28 March 2012.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f g h Van Dyke, The Khalistan Movement (2009), p. 990.
- ^ Ali, Haider (6 June 2018). “Mass protests erupt around Golden Temple complex as pro-Khalistan sikhs mark Blue Star anniversary”. Daily Pakistan. Archived from the original on 6 July 2020. Retrieved 25 June 2018.
- ^ “UK: Pakistani-origin lawmaker leads protests in London to call for Kashmir, Khalistan freedom”. Scroll. 27 January 2018. Archived from the original on 3 February 2021. Retrieved 29 June 2018.
- ^ Bhattacharyya, Anirudh (5 June 2017). “Pro-Khalistan groups plan event in Canada to mark Operation Bluestar anniversary”. Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 4 February 2021. Retrieved 6 July 2018.
- ^ Majumdar, Ushinor. “Sikh Extremists in Canada, The UK And Italy Are Working With ISI Or Independently”. Outlook India. Archived from the original on 20 July 2019. Retrieved 8 June 2018.
Q. Is it clear which “foreign hand” is driving this entire nexus? A. Evidence gathered by the police and other agencies points to the ISI as the key perpetrator of extremism in Punjab. (Amarinder Singh Indian Punjab Chief Minister)
- ^ “Simranjit Singh Mann stokes row, dedicates Sangrur win to Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale: Know about pro-Khalistan leader”, Firstpost, 27 June 2022, archived from the original on 27 June 2022, retrieved 27 June 2022
- ^ “Sangrur Bypoll Results Live: AAP loses Bhagwant Mann’s seat, SAD-A wins by 6,800 votes”, Hindustan Times, 26 June 2022, archived from the original on 26 June 2022, retrieved 26 June 2022
- ^ Wallace, Paul (1986). “The Sikhs as a “Minority” in a Sikh Majority State in India”. Asian Survey. 26 (3): 363–377. doi:10.2307/2644197. ISSN 0004-4687. JSTOR 2644197.
Over 8,000,000 of India’s 10,378,979 Sikhs were concentrated in Punjab
- ^ Jolly, Sikh Revivalist Movements (1988), p. 6.
- ^ Purewal, Navtej K. (2017). Living on the Margins: Social Access to Shelter in Urban South Asia. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-351-74899-5. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
The wrangling between various Sikh groupings were resolved by the nineteenth century when Maharajah Ranjit Singh unified the Punjab from Peshawar t the Sutluj River.
- ^ Panton, Kenneth J. (2015). Historical Dictionary of the British Empire. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 470. ISBN 978-0-8108-7524-1. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
A second conflict, just two years later, led to complete subjugation of the Sikhs and the incorporation of the remainder of their lands
- ^ Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 127.
- ^ Axel, Brian Keith (2001). The Nation’s Tortured Body: Violence, Representation, and the Formation of a Sikh “Diaspora”. Duke University Press. p. 85. ISBN 978-0-8223-2615-1. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
The Akalis viewed the Lahore Resolution and the Cripps Mission as a betrayal of the Sikhs and an attempt to usurp what, since the time of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, was historically a Sikh territory.
- ^ Tan, Tai Yong; Kudaisya, Gyanesh (2005) [First published 2000], The Aftermath of Partition in South Asia, Routledge, p. 100, ISBN 978-0-415-28908-5,
The professed intention of the Muslim League to impose a Muslim state on the Punjab (a Muslim majority province) was anathema to the Sikhs … the Sikhs launched a virulent campaign against the Lahore Resolution … Sikh leaders of all political persuasions made it clear that Pakistan would be ‘wholeheartedly resisted’.
- ^ Axel, Brian Keith (2001). The Nation’s Tortured Body: Violence, Representation, and the Formation of a Sikh “Diaspora”. Duke University Press. p. 84. ISBN 978-0-8223-2615-1. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
Against the nationalist ideology of a united India, which called for all groups to set aside “communal” differences, the Shiromani Akali Dal Party of the 1930s rallied around the proposition of a Sikh panth (community) that was separate from Hindus and Muslims.
- ^ Shani, Giorgio (2007). Sikh Nationalism and Identity in a Global Age. Routledge. p. 52. ISBN 978-1-134-10189-4. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
Khalistan was imagined as a theocratic state, a mirror-image of ‘Muslim’ Pakistan, led by the Maharaja of Patiala with the aid of a cabinet consisting of representing federating units.
- ^ Shah, Mehtab Ali (1997), The Foreign Policy of Pakistan: Ethnic Impacts on Diplomacy 1971–1994, I.B.Tauris, ISBN 978-1-86064-169-5, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 5 October 2020
- ^ Hill, K.; Seltzer, W.; Leaning, J.; Malik, S.J.; Russell, S. S.; Makinson, C. (2003), A Demographic Case Study of Forced Migration: The 1947 Partition of India, Harvard University Asia Center, archived from the original on 6 December 2008
- ^ McLeod, W. H. (1989), The Sikhs: History, Religion, and Society, Columbia University Press, ISBN 978-0-231-06815-4
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 129.
- ^ “Gurudwaras Outside of Punjab State”. Gateway To Sikhism. 30 November 1999. Archived from the original on 2 March 2021. Retrieved 17 October 2020.
- ^ Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 130.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d e Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 128.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 134.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f g h Jetly, Rajshree. 2006. “The Khalistan Movement in India: The Interplay of Politics and State Power.” International Review of Modern Sociology 34(1):61–62. JSTOR 41421658.
- ^ “Hindu-Sikh relations – I”. The Tribune. Chandigarh, India: Tribuneindia.com. 3 November 2003. Archived from the original on 5 June 2011.
- ^ Chawla, Muhammad Iqbal. 2017. The Khalistan Movement of 1984: A Critical Appreciation.
- ^ “The Punjab Reorganisation Act, 1966” (PDF). Government of India. 18 September 1966. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 January 2012.
- ^ Stanley Wolpert (2005). India. University of California Press. p. 216. ISBN 9780520246966. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 11 March 2023.
- ^ Mitra, Subrata K. (2007), The Puzzle of India’s Governance: Culture, Context and Comparative Theory, Advances in South Asian Studies: Routledge, p. 94, ISBN 978-1-134-27493-2, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 6 March 2018
- ^ Singh, Khushwant (2004), “The Anandpur Sahib Resolution and Other Akali Demands”, A History of the Sikhs: Volume 2: 1839–2004, Oxford University Press, doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195673098.001.0001, ISBN 978-0-19-567309-8
- ^ Ray, Jayanta Kumar (2007), Aspects of India’s International Relations, 1700 to 2000: South Asia and the World, Pearson Education India, p. 484, ISBN 978-81-317-0834-7, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 16 August 2019
- ^ Jump up to:a b c Akshayakumar Ramanlal Desai (1991). Expanding Governmental Lawlessness and Organized Struggles. Popular Prakashan. pp. 64–66. ISBN 978-81-7154-529-2.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 135.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d Pandya, Haresh (11 April 2007). “Jagjit Singh Chauhan, Sikh Militant Leader in India, Dies at 80”. The New York Times. Archived from the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 17 February 2017.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Axel, The Nation’s Tortured Body (2011), pp. 101–
- ^ Jump up to:a b Gupta, Shekhar; Subramanian, Nirupaman (15 December 1993). “You can’t get Khalistan through military movement: Jagat Singh Chouhan”. India Today. Archived from the original on 4 February 2021. Retrieved 29 November 2019.
- ^ Thomas, Jo (14 June 1984). “London Sikh Assumes Role of Exile Chief”. The New York Times. Archived from the original on 24 October 2018. Retrieved 24 October 2018.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c Dulat, A. S. (13 December 2020). “Genesis of tumultuous period in Punjab”. The Tribune. Chandigarh, India. Archived from the original on 24 June 2021. Retrieved 13 June 2021.
Bhindranwale never raised the demand for Khalistan or went beyond the Akali Anandpur Sahib Resolution, while he himself was prepared for negotiations to the very end.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Stevens, William K. (19 June 1984). “Punjab Raid: Unanswered Questions”. The News York Times. Archived from the original on 24 June 2021. Retrieved 12 June 2021.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d e Chima, Jugdep S (2008), The Sikh Separatist Insurgency in India: Political Leadership and Ethnonationalist Movements, India: Sage Publications, pp. 71–75, ISBN 978-81-321-0538-1, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 5 October 2020
- ^ Sharma, Sanjay (5 June 2011). “Bhajan Lal lived with ‘anti-Sikh, anti-Punjab’ image”. The Times of India. Archived from the original on 10 June 2011.
- ^ Stepan, Alfred; Linz, Juan J.; Yadav, Yogendra (2011), Crafting State-Nations: India and Other Multinational Democracies (Illustrated ed.), JHU Press, p. 97, ISBN 978-0-8018-9723-8, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 5 October 2020
- ^ Ghosh, Srikanta. 1997. Indian Democracy Derailed – Politics and Politicians. APH Publishing. ISBN 978-81-7024-866-8. p. 95.
- ^ Sisson, Mary. 2011. “Sikh Terrorism.” pp. 544–545 in The Sage Encyclopedia of Terrorism (2nd ed.), edited by G. Martin. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. ISBN 978-1-4129-8016-6. doi:10.4135/9781412980173.n368.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Sharma, Mool Chand, and A.K. Sharma, eds. 2004. “Discrimination Based on Religion Archived 24 October 2020 at the Wayback Machine.” pp. 108–110 in Discrimination Based on Sex, Caste, Religion, and Disability. New Delhi: National Council for Teacher Education. Archived from the original on 2 June 2010. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
- ^ Swami, Praveen (16 January 2014). “RAW chief consulted MI6 in build-up to Operation Bluestar”. The Hindu. Chennai, India. Archived from the original on 18 January 2014. Retrieved 9 August 2018.
- ^ Singh, Khushwant. 2004. A History of the Sikhs, Volume II: 1839–2004. New Delhi: Oxford University Press. p. 337.
- ^ Subramanian, L. N. (12 October 2006). “Operation Bluestar, 05 June 1984”. Bharat Rakshak Monitor. 3 (2). Archived from the original on 30 June 2020. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
- ^ Jump up to:a b “Sikh Leader in Punjab Accord Assassinated”. Los Angeles Times. Times Wire Services. 21 August 1985. Archived from the original on 29 January 2016. Retrieved 9 August 2018.
- ^ Tully, Mark; Jacob, Satish (1985). Amritsar: Mrs Gandhi’s Last Battle (5 ed.). J. Cape. p. 147. ISBN 978-0-22-402328-3. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ Wolpert, Stanley A., ed. (2009). “India”. Encyclopædia Britannica.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Gates, Scott; Roy, Kaushik (4 February 2014). “Insurgency and Counter-Insurgency in Punjab”. Unconventional Warfare in South Asia: Shadow Warriors and Counterinsurgency. Ashgate Publishing. p. 167. ISBN 978-1-40-943706-2. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ Diwanji, Amberish K. (4 June 2004). “There is a limit to how much a country can take”. The Rediff Interview/Lieutenant General Kuldip Singh Brar (retired). Rediff.com. Archived from the original on 3 December 2019. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ Walia, Varinder (20 March 2007). “Army reveals startling facts on Bluestar, says Longowal surrendered”. The Tribune. Amristar. Archived from the original on 4 August 2020. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ Jugdep S Chima (2008). The Sikh Separatist Insurgency in India: Political Leadership and Ethnonationalist Movements. Sage Publishing India. pp. 114–. ISBN 978-9351509530. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 13 March 2023.
- ^ White Paper on the Punjab Agitation. New Delhi: Government of India Press. 1984. p. 40. OL 1839009M. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ Karim, Afsir (1991). Counter Terrorism, the Pakistan Factor. Lancer Publishers. pp. 33–36. ISBN 978-8170621270. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 13 March 2023.
- ^ “Pakistan would have recognised Khalistan”. Rediff.com. 3 June 2004. Archived from the original on 29 January 2009. Retrieved 20 June 2006.
- ^ Andrew, Christopher M.; Mitrokhin, Vasili (2005). The Mitrokhin Archive II: The KGB and the World. Allen Lane. p. 336. ISBN 978-0-7139-9359-2. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 30 September 2022.
- ^ Andrew, Christopher (2008). The World Was Going Our Way: The KGB and the Battle for the Third World. DIANE Publishing Company. ISBN 978-1-4223-9312-3. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 30 September 2022.
- ^ Subramanian Swamy (1992). Building a New India: An Agenda for National Renaissance. UBS Publishers’ Distributors. p. 18. ISBN 978-81-85674-21-6. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 6 September 2022.
The 1984 Operation Bluestar became necessary because of the vast disinformation against Sant Bhindranwale by the KGB, and repeated inside Parliament by the Congress Party of India.
- ^ Guidry, John A., Michael D. Kennedy, and Mayer N. Zald, eds. 2000. Globalizations and Social Movements: Culture, Power, and the Transnational Public Sphere. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 978-0-472-06721-3. p. 319.
- ^ Nanavati, G. T. 9 February 2005. “Report of the Justice Nanavati Commission of Inquiry (1984 Anti-Sikh Riots) Archived 3 February 2021 at the Wayback Machine” 1. New Delhi: Ministry of Home Affairs. Archived from the original 27 November 2014. Retrieved 18 May 2020. Also available via People’s Archive of Rural India Archived 7 May 2020 at the Wayback Machine.
- ^ Jump up to:a b “What about the big fish?”. Tehelka. Anant Media. 25 August 2005. Archived from the original on 13 September 2012.
- ^ Singh, Swadesh Bahadur. 31 May 1996. “Cabinet berth for a Sikh.” Indian Express.
- ^ Kumar, Ram Narayan, et al. 2003. Reduced to Ashes: The Insurgency and Human Rights in Punjab. South Asia Forum for Human Rights. p. 43. Available via Committee for Information and Initiative on Punjab.
- ^ In Depth: Air India Archived 18 March 2005 at the Wayback Machine – The Victims, CBC News Online, 16 March 2005
- ^ “Free. Fair. Fearless”. Tehelka. Archived from the original on 12 September 2012.
- ^ “Jagmeet Singh now rejects glorification of Air India bombing mastermind”. CBC News. 15 March 2018. Archived from the original on 2 October 2020. Retrieved 4 August 2020.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c Gilligan, Andrew (21 April 2008). “Ken’s adviser is linked to terror group”. London Evening Standard. Archived from the original on 12 June 2009. Retrieved 26 May 2009.
- ^ Bolan, Kim (9 February 2008). “Air India bombmaker sent to holding centre”. Ottawa Citizen. Archived from the original on 9 November 2012. Retrieved 31 May 2009.
- ^ “Convicted Air India bomb-builder Inderjit Singh Reyat gets bail”. CBC News. 9 July 2008. Archived from the original on 10 July 2008. Retrieved 10 June 2009.
- ^ “Sikh Temple Sit-In Is a Challenge for Punjab.” The New York Times. 2 February 1986.
- ^ Singh, I. (10 July 2012). “Sarbat Khalsa and Gurmata”. SikhNet. Archived from the original on 12 June 2013. Retrieved 15 March 2013.
- ^ “Sant Nirankari Mission”. nirankari.org. Archived from the original on 13 January 2023. Retrieved 13 January 2023.
- ^ “Gunmen Slaughter 32 on Bus in India in Bloodiest Attack of Sikh Campaign”. The Philadelphia Inquirer, 7 July 1987. Page A03.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d Gargan, Edward (10 October 1991). “Envoy of Romania Abducted in India”. The New York Times. Archived from the original on 23 October 2018. Retrieved 17 February 2017.
- ^ Gurharpal Singh, Ethnic Conflict in India (2000), Chapters 8 & 9.
- ^ Gurharpal Singh, Ethnic Conflict in India (2000), Chapter 10.
- ^ “Amnesty International report on Punjab”. Amnesty International. 20 January 2003. Archived from the original on 3 December 2006.
- ^ “The Tribune, Chandigarh, India – Punjab”. Tribuneindia.com. Archived from the original on 5 June 2011. Retrieved 27 September 2015.
- ^ “SAD (A) to contest the coming SGPC elections on Khalistan issue: Mann”. PunjabNewsline.com. 14 January 2010. Archived from the original on 15 July 2011.
- ^ “Balwinder Singh Sandu”. Gallantry Awards. Archived from the original on 31 October 2020. Retrieved 29 October 2020.
- ^ “Gunmen Wound India Ambassador”. Los Angeles Times. 21 August 1991. Archived from the original on 10 October 2012. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ “World Notes India”. Time. 21 October 1991. Archived from the original on 30 September 2007. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ “Secret Injustice: The Harpal Singh Case | Part 1: Flashback”. The Sikh Sentinel. 17 September 2003. Archived from the original on 8 March 2012.
- ^ Talbot, India and Pakistan (2000), p. 272.
- ^ Simmons, Mary Kate (1998). Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization: yearbook. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. p. 187. ISBN 978-90-411-0223-2. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 3 August 2018.
- ^ “Issue Paper INDIA: Sikhs in Punjab 1994–95”. Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada. February 1996. Retrieved 31 May 2009.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d “U.S. Court Convicts Khalid Awan for Supporting Khalistan Commando Force”. The United States Attorney’s Office. 20 December 2006. Archived from the original on 15 January 2012. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ Mahmood, Cynthia. 5 May 1997. “Fax to Ted Albers.” Orono, Maine: Resource Information Center.
- ^ Documentation, Information and Research Branch. 17 February 1997. “India: Information from four specialists on the Punjab, Response to Information Request #IND26376.EX.” Ottawa: Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada.
- ^ “Protecting the Killers: A Policy of Impunity in Punjab, India: I. Summary”. Human Rights Watch. 9 October 2006. Archived from the original on 12 October 2008. Retrieved 11 January 2010.
- ^ Special Broadcasting Service:: Dateline – presented by George Negus Archived 28 August 2008 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ “The Hindu: Opinion / News Analysis: Is justice possible without looking for the truth?”. The Hindu. 9 September 2005. Archived from the original on 22 May 2008.
- ^ “India: A vital opportunity to end impunity in Punjab”. Amnesty International USA. Archived from the original on 25 June 2009.
- ^ “ASW”. Human Rights Watch. 1992. Archived from the original on 12 October 2012. Retrieved 11 January 2010.
- ^ “India: Time to Deliver Justice for Atrocities in Punjab”. Human Rights Watch. 18 October 2007. Archived from the original on 13 January 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ “Document – India: Break the cycle of impunity and torture in Punjab | Amnesty International”. Amnesty International. 2003. Archived from the original on 12 June 2011. Retrieved 11 January 2010.
- ^ Sehgal, Manjeet (23 September 2019). “Punjab: Four Khalistan Zindabad Force terrorists arrested in Taran Taran”. India Today. Archived from the original on 15 December 2019. Retrieved 27 December 2019.
- ^ Service, Tribune News. “NIA demands custody of 4 in Tarn Taran blast case”. Tribuneindia News Service. Archived from the original on 27 December 2019. Retrieved 27 December 2019.
- ^ Punj, Balbair (16 June 2005). “The Ghost of Khalistan”. The Sikh Times. Archived from the original on 4 December 2018. Retrieved 23 January 2007.
- ^ “Terror attacks in Punjab being planned by pro-Khalistan outfits with Pak’s support: Intelligence sources”. DNA India. 26 December 2019. Archived from the original on 27 December 2019. Retrieved 27 December 2019.
- ^ Nanjappa, Vicky (26 December 2019). “High alert declared after IB picks up intercepts on possible terror attack in Punjab”. Oneindia. Archived from the original on 27 December 2019. Retrieved 27 December 2019.
- ^ “Official Resolutions From Sarbat Khalsa 2015”. Sikh24.com. 11 November 2015. Archived from the original on 12 November 2015. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
- ^ “Khalistan slogans raised as Mann comes to meet Khalsa”. The Indian Express. 25 July 2015. Archived from the original on 27 August 2015. Retrieved 14 August 2015.
- ^ “Probable Resurgence of the Khalistan Movement: Role of the Sikh Diaspora – Science, Technology and Security forum”. stsfor.org. Archived from the original on 16 October 2015. Retrieved 2 April 2023.
- ^ “Responses to Information Requests”. irb-cisr.gc.ca. 5 June 2018. Archived from the original on 14 August 2019. Retrieved 14 August 2019.
- ^ “Pro-Khalistan slogans raised on Bluestar anniversary in Punjab”. Deccan Herald. 6 June 2015. Archived from the original on 25 July 2015. Retrieved 14 August 2015.
- ^ “Pro-Khalistan slogans raised during Punjab CM Parkash Singh Badal’s function”. The Indian Express. 26 July 2015. Archived from the original on 29 August 2015. Retrieved 14 August 2015.
- ^ Kumar, Ram Narayan (1997), The Sikh unrest and the Indian state: politics, personalities, and historical retrospective, Ajanta, ISBN 978-81-202-0453-9 quoted in Rediff On the Net Archived 15 August 2018 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Pettigrew, The Sikhs of the Punjab (1995), pp. 188–197.
- ^ Van Dyke, The Khalistan Movement (2009), p. 992.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Van Dyke, The Khalistan Movement (2009), p. 991.
- ^ Jump up to:a b “No chance of another Khalistan movement in Punjab: Defence experts”. Hindustan Times. ANI. 19 March 2016. Archived from the original on 6 May 2018. Retrieved 5 May 2018.
- ^ Dhillon, Simrat (December 2007). “The Sikh Diaspora and the Quest for Khalistan: A Search for Statehood or for Self-preservation?” (PDF). Institute of Peace and Conflict Studies. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 August 2019. Retrieved 26 May 2009.
- ^ Anand, Nisha. “Australian police releases pics of 6 men involved in Khalistan referendum brawl”. Hindustan Times.
- ^ “Brawl breaks out over Khalistan referendum in Australia; India raises concerns with authorities”. The Indian Express. 30 January 2023. Retrieved 13 October 2024.
- ^ “‘Appalled’: Australian envoy on attack by Khalistan elements on pro-India groups”. Hindustan Times.
- ^ “Police investigating attack on Brampton radio host after remarks on Punjabi actor”. The Globe and Mail. 24 February 2022. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
He told police he was approached near his Brampton studio Wednesday afternoon by three men who were shouting support for Mr. Sidhu, who was also a Sikh activist. “One of them pulled a gun on me, and the other hit me on the head with a beer bottle,” he told The Globe and Mail.
- ^ “‘Bhindranwale 2.0’: Radical Khalistan Sympathiser Amritpal Singh Active in Punjab”. NDTV News. Archived from the original on 24 February 2023. Retrieved 24 February 2023.
Often escorted by armed supporters and donning a flowing white ‘chola’ and a navy-blue turban, radical preacher and Khalistan sympathiser Amritpal Singh has been very active for some time in Punjab.
- ^ Sethi, Chitleen K. (23 February 2023). “Radical activist Amritpal storms Ajnala police station with supporters, secures aide’s release”. ThePrint. Archived from the original on 24 February 2023. Retrieved 24 February 2023.
- ^ “Radical preacher Amritpal Singh issue: Habeas corpus petition moved in HC seeking his ‘release'”. The Financial Express. Archived from the original on 19 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
- ^ [137][138][139]
- ^ “Deep Sidhu disliked Amritpal Singh, blocked his phone”. Tribune India. Archived from the original on 10 February 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ Matharu, Sonal (25 October 2022). “Fiery orator, ‘Bhindranwale 2.0’ – who’s Amritpal Singh, new ‘head’ of Deep Sidhu’s Waris Punjab De”. ThePrint. Archived from the original on 16 November 2022. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “The rise and fall of Amritpal Singh”. Tribune India. Archived from the original on 20 March 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “Unaware how Amritpal Singh declared himself head of ‘Waris Punjab De’, says Deep Sidhu’s kin”. Financialexpress. 24 February 2023. Archived from the original on 19 March 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “Amritpal Singh: Amrit Sanchar to focus on ‘de-addiction’ of youth”. Tribune India. Archived from the original on 16 November 2022. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “‘Khalistan shouldn’t be seen as…’: Amritpal Singh as Toofan to be freed today”. Hindustan Times. 24 February 2023. Archived from the original on 24 February 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “Amritpal Singh | A radical preacher”. The Hindu. 25 February 2023. ISSN 0971-751X. Archived from the original on 31 March 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ Mogul, Rhea (22 March 2023). “Khalistan: The outlawed Sikh separatist movement that has Indian authorities on edge”. CNN. Archived from the original on 23 March 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “‘Waris Punjab De’ chief Amritpal Singh arrested from Punjab’s Moga under NSA; shifted to Assam’s Dibrugarh jail”. The Hindu. 23 April 2023. ISSN 0971-751X. Archived from the original on 23 April 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “Watch: Sikhs attack Indian consulate in San Francisco, raise Khalistani flag to protest against crackdown on Amritpal Singh”. Free Press Journal. 20 March 2023. Archived from the original on 21 March 2023. Retrieved 21 March 2023.
- ^ Simon Little; Julie Nolin. “Journalist allegedly assaulted as Punjab tensions spill over into B.C.” Global News. Archived from the original on 21 March 2023. Retrieved 21 March 2023.
- ^ “Indian High Commission: Diplomat summoned after London protest”. BBC News. 20 March 2023. Archived from the original on 25 June 2023. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
- ^ “Amritpal Singh’s brother-in-law key accused in attack on Indian high commission in Canada”. Hindustan Times. 24 June 2023. Archived from the original on 5 July 2023. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
- ^ “Pro-Khalistan protesters tried to set on fire India’s consulate in San Francisco”. The Tribune India. Archived from the original on 25 June 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “Senior Indian journalist attacked by pro-Khalistanis outside Indian Embassy in Washington”. Deccan Herald. 26 March 2023. Archived from the original on 25 June 2023. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
- ^ “Journalist allegedly assaulted as Punjab tensions spill over into B.C.” Global News. Archived from the original on 21 March 2023. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
- ^ “Journalist allegedly assaulted as Punjab tensions spill over into B.C.” Global News. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
- ^ “‘Mr Taranjit Singh Sandhu…’: Khalistan supporter threatens Indian envoy to US | Watch”. Hindustan Times. 26 March 2023. Archived from the original on 27 June 2023. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
- ^ Anirudh Bhattacharyya (27 April 2018). “Canadian police frees Khalistani ‘separatist’ Hardeep Nijjar after 24 hours in custody”. Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 21 September 2023. Retrieved 19 September 2023.
- ^ “2nd attack since March: Indian consulate set on fire in San Francisco; US condemns violence”. The Times of India. 4 July 2023. ISSN 0971-8257. Archived from the original on 4 July 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ Jump up to:a b “US condemns vandalism, attempted arson against Indian Consulate in San Francisco”. Tribune India. Archived from the original on 4 July 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “US condemns vandalism at Indian consulate in San Francisco”. Reuters. 4 July 2023. Archived from the original on 4 July 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “‘Heated’ demonstration at Indian consulate in Toronto sees one arrested”. The Globe and Mail. 9 July 2023. Archived from the original on 14 July 2023. Retrieved 14 July 2023.
Some online posters ahead of the event said “Kill India” and suggested, without evidence, that Indian diplomats played a role in Mr. Nijjar’s death.
- ^ “A year after Hardeep Singh Nijjar’s death, mysteries remain about how he really lived”. The Globe and Mail. 22 June 2024. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
- ^ “Pro-Khalistani Group in Toronto Glorifies Beant Singh’s Killer, Indian Authorities to Raise Issue With Canada | EXCLUSIVE”. News18. 2 September 2024. Retrieved 13 October 2024.
- ^ “Canada: Pro-Khalistan rallies feature floats celebrating 1995 Beant Singh bombing”. Business Today. 1 September 2024. Retrieved 13 October 2024.
- ^ “‘I will not be silenced’: Calgary radio host attack caught on CCTV”. Global News. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
- ^ “Calgary radio host speaks out after being attacked outside banquet hall”. Global News. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
- ^ “Indo-Canadian mediaperson, attacked by two persons, blames ‘pro-Khalistan’ elements”. Hindustan Times.
- ^ “Calgary police investigating weekend assault of radio host”. CTV News Calgary. 1 October 2024. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
- ^ “Radio journalist says he was assaulted in attack over news coverage”. Calgary Herald.
City police are seeking two suspects in an assault on a well-known radio journalist in Calgary’s northeast that apparently targeted his reporting on crime issues within the Sikh community.
- ^ “Calgary police probe assault of RED FM news director”. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation.
Staff Sgt. John Guigon said Nagar was struck in the head but was not seriously hurt, and that the incident was captured on video. “It was not a pleasant situation,” he said.”[It is] particularly troubling to us when a member of the media gets attacked in a democracy…. We’re throwing resources at it.”
- ^ [167][168][169][170][171][172]
- ^ Sharma, Abhinav (3 October 2024). “Canadian radio journalist Rishi Nagar attacked by Khalistani groups in Canada”. Diya TV. Retrieved 4 October 2024.
A group of men supportive of the Khalistan separatist movement violently assaulted Canada-based RED FM News Director Rishi Nagar allegedly for refusing to align with their agenda.
- ^ Moharib, Nadia (30 September 2024). “Man threatened outside NE temple, two arrested: Calgary police”. CityNews Calgary. Retrieved 11 October 2024.
- ^ Bradley, Jonathan (1 October 2024). “RED FM Calgary host says attack will not stop his journalism”. Western Standard. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
- ^ Bradley, Jonathan (2 October 2024). “UPDATED: Poilievre, Smith say they are disturbed by attack on RED FM Calgary host”. Western Standard. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
- ^ “Journalists reporting against Khalistan groups under attack in Canada, says Indian-origin MP”. The Tribune. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
- ^ O’Brien, Raju Mudhar, Abby (9 November 2024). “‘This is not a Hindu and Sikh battle’: The complex history behind protests that erupted at Brampton temples this week over Indian consular visits”. Toronto Star. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
In another video, individuals holding pro-Khalistan flagpoles can be seen running onto the property, striking those inside the perimeter with them. A chaotic scene ensues.
- ^ Aguilar, Bryann (3 November 2024). “Police increase their presence at Hindu temple in Brampton after protest”. CP24. Retrieved 3 November 2024.
- ^ ICI.Radio-Canada.ca, Zone Justice et faits divers- (4 November 2024). “3 arrested and charged after protest at Brampton Hindu temple, police say”. Radio-Canada.ca (in Canadian French). Retrieved 4 November 2024.
- ^ O’Brien, Raju Mudhar, Abby (9 November 2024). “‘This is not a Hindu and Sikh battle’: The complex history behind protests that erupted at Brampton temples this week over Indian consular visits”. Toronto Star. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
The clash saw three people arrested and an off-duty police officer who participated in the protest, Sergeant Harinder Sohi, suspended.
- ^ “Peel cop suspended after participating in protest outside Hindu temple”. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation.
- ^ “Who Is The Suspended Cop Harinder Sohi And What Happened At The Pro-Khalistan Protest?”. TheDailyGuardian. Retrieved 4 November 2024.
- ^ O’Brien, Raju Mudhar, Abby (9 November 2024). “‘This is not a Hindu and Sikh battle’: The complex history behind protests that erupted at Brampton temples this week over Indian consular visits”. Toronto Star. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
The video then appears to show one of the officers breaking away from his colleagues, running onto temple property, and repeatedly striking an individual. When reached for comment, Peel police said it was aware of the video and was looking into it.
- ^ “Video: Canadian cop punches Hindu man protesting against pro-Khalistan mob attack”. India Today. 4 November 2024. Retrieved 4 November 2024.
- ^ “Fears of more clashes between Sikhs and Hindus in Brampton, Ont., as Canada-India rift spills over into suburbs”. The Globe and Mail. 8 November 2024. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
The Khalistani protesters claimed the event at the Hindu temple Sunday – where Indian consular staff were helping Indian immigrants apply for government pensions – was part of surveillance efforts to keep tabs on pro-Khalistan Sikhs.
- ^ O’Brien, Raju Mudhar, Abby (9 November 2024). “‘This is not a Hindu and Sikh battle’: The complex history behind protests that erupted at Brampton temples this week over Indian consular visits”. Toronto Star. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
It was the presence of Indian Consular officials, who have been visiting communities to help older people in the diaspora who may be entitled to pensions, that prompted SFJ to plan Sunday’s demonstration.
- ^ “Violent clashes erupt outside consular camp at Hindu temple in Canada’s Brampton”. The Hindu. 4 November 2024. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
Most beneficiaries of the consular service organised by the Indian High Commission in Brampton were Sikh members of the Indian diaspora.
- ^ “Fears of more clashes between Sikhs and Hindus in Brampton, Ont., as Canada-India rift spills over into suburbs”. The Globe and Mail. 8 November 2024. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
- ^ O’Brien, Raju Mudhar, Abby (9 November 2024). “‘This is not a Hindu and Sikh battle’: The complex history behind protests that erupted at Brampton temples this week over Indian consular visits”. Toronto Star. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
- ^ Lavoie, Joanna (9 November 2024). “Another person charged following violent demonstrations in Peel Region”. CP24. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
- ^ “Clashes erupted outside a Hindu temple near Toronto. They’re the latest sign of Canada and India’s spiraling relations”. CNN.
- ^ Jump up to:a b “Not one of its leaders elected since 1999, SAD (Amritsar) still contests polls demanding Khalistan”. The Indian Express. 22 January 2022. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
Headed by former MP Simranjit Singh Mann, a retired IPS officer, SAD (Amritsar) is the only party which still contests the elections in Punjab with demand for a separate Khalistan.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Takkar, Jatin (4 June 2024). “Pro-Khalistan separatists Amritpal and Sarabjeet lead over rivals”. The Economic Times. ISSN 0013-0389. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
- ^ Sethi, Chitleen K. (5 June 2024). “Amritpal, Sarabjeet Singh Khalsa — Sikh radicals’ poll victories pose challenge for Mann govt”. ThePrint. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
Amritpal Singh won from Khadoor Sahib by biggest margin this election in Punjab & Beant Singh’s son Khalsa won in Faridkot. But, Simranjit Singh Mann lost his Sangrur seat.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c “General Election to Parliamentary Constituencies: Trends & Results June-2024”. Election Commission of India.
- ^ “Father didn’t care and laid down his life, Sikh community pulled family through troubled times: Sarabjit Singh Khalsa”. The Economic Times. 6 June 2024. ISSN 0013-0389. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
Six-year-old Sarabjit when his father Beant Singh, a Delhi police SI who was part of the PM’s security detail, along with another of her bodyguards, Satwant Singh, assassinated Indira Gandhi in October 1984.
- ^ Pettigrew, The Sikhs of the Punjab (1995), p. 24.
- ^ Aggarwal, J. C.; Agrawal, S. P. (1992), Modern History of Punjab, Concept Publishing Company, p. 117, ISBN 978-81-7022-431-0
- ^ Jump up to:a b Puri, Harish K., Paramjit Singh Judge, and Jagrup Singh Sekhon. 1999. Terrorism in Punjab: Understanding Grassroots Reality. New Delhi: Har-Anand Publications. pp. 68–71.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 133.
- ^ Jump up to:a b “Council Common Position 2005/427/CFSP of 6 June 2005 updating Common Position 2001/931/CFSP on the application of specific measures to combat terrorism and repealing Common Position 2005/220/CFSP” (PDF). European Union. 6 June 2005. p. 5. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 June 2013. Retrieved 31 May 2009.
- ^ “Currently listed entities (terrorist organizations-ed)”. Public Safety Canada. Archived from the original on 26 June 2009. Retrieved 31 May 2009.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f Milewski, Terry (28 June 2007). “Sikh politics in Canada. Symbols and suits. Sikh extremism enters mainstream Canadian politics”. CBC. Archived from the original on 1 June 2009. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ Jump up to:a b “Proscribed terrorist groups”. UK Office for Security and Counter Terrorism. Archived from the original on 15 June 2009. Retrieved 24 May 2009.
- ^ “Terrorist Exclusion List”. U. S. Bureau of Counterterrorism and Countering Violent Extremism. 29 December 2004. Archived from the original on 13 May 2009. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ “Appendix F: Countering Terrorism on the Economic Front” (PDF). US Department of State. p. 2. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 November 2020. Retrieved 31 May 2009.
- ^ Mahmood (1996), p. 328
- ^ Martha Crenshaw, ed. (1995), Terrorism in Context, Pennsylvania State University Press, p. 656, ISBN 978-0-271-01015-1, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 29 August 2020
- ^ Atkins, Stephen E. (2004), Encyclopedia of modern worldwide extremists and extremist groups (illustrated ed.), Greenwood Publishing Group, p. 404, ISBN 978-0-313-32485-7, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 26 June 2009
- ^ “Foreign Terrorist Organizations”. U. S. Department of State. 8 April 2008. Archived from the original on 13 May 2009.
- ^ “Law Enforcement Cases: International Narcotics Control Strategy Report: Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs”. US Department of State. March 2008. Archived from the original on 16 August 2019. Retrieved 8 June 2009.
- ^ Office of the Coordinator for Counterterrorism (April 1996). “1995 Patterns of Global Terrorism”. Federation of American Scientists. Archived from the original on 22 January 2009. Retrieved 30 May 2009.
- ^ Pratap, Anita (22 May 1996). “Bus explosion in India kills at least 14: It’s the second bombing in two days”. New Delhi: CNN. Archived from the original on 8 November 2012. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ “CNN – Fatal bomb meant to disrupt – April 21, 1996”. cnn.com. Archived from the original on 8 November 2012. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ “KZF behind Jalandhar blasts”. The Indian Express. 19 June 2006. Archived from the original on 5 June 2009. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ “Patterns of Global Terrorism: 1997 – appendix B”. U. S. Department of State. 1997. Archived from the original on 23 November 2010. Retrieved 25 May 2009.
- ^ Nayar, Kuldip (22 February 1999). “It is fundamentalism again”. Rediff.com. Archived from the original on 5 January 2012. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ Juergensmeyer, Mark (14 October 2004). “From Bhindranwale to Bin Laden: Understanding Religious Violence” (PDF). Self. p. 30. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 July 2011. Retrieved 26 May 2009.
- ^ Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 136.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 132.
- ^ Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 137.
- ^ Downing, John D. H. (2011). Encyclopedia of Social Movement Media. Sage. p. 290. ISBN 978-0-7619-2688-7. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 25 October 2018.
- ^ Simmons, Mary Kate (1998). Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization: yearbook. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. p. 187. ISBN 978-90-411-0223-2. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 5 October 2020.
- ^ Anderson, Edward T. G. (1 January 2024). Hindu Nationalism in the Indian Diaspora: Transnational Politics and British Multiculturalism. Oxford University Press. p. 333. ISBN 978-0-19-778328-3.
- ^ Behera, Demystifying Kashmir (2007), pp. 87–88.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Haqqani, Pakistan Between the Mosque and Military (2010), pp. 270–271.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Sirrs, Pakistan’s Inter-Services Intelligence Directorate (2016), p. 167.
- ^ Haqqani, Pakistan Between the Mosque and Military (2010), p. 272.
- ^ “Canadian gets 14 years for funding terrorists”. The Globe and Mail. 13 September 2007. Archived from the original on 24 September 2021. Retrieved 5 October 2018.
- ^ Nanjappa, Vicky (10 June 2008). “200 Pak organisations raise funds for terror: IB”. Rediff.com. Archived from the original on 22 July 2021. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Markham, James M. (16 June 1984). “India Talks of C.I.A. Role in Unrest”. The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 28 November 2019. Retrieved 28 November 2019.
- ^ “CIA, ISI encouraged Sikh terrorism”. The Times of India. Press Trust of India. 26 July 2007. Archived from the original on 1 April 2020. Retrieved 28 November 2019.
- ^ “US, Pak ISI had a hand in Punjab militancy: Book”. Hindustan Times. 26 July 2007. Archived from the original on 6 February 2021. Retrieved 1 December 2019.
- ^ Nakashima, Ellen; Shih, Gerry; Amanda, Coletta (29 November 2023). “U.S. prosecutors allege assassination plot of Sikh separatist directed by Indian government employee”. The Washington Post. Retrieved 29 November 2023.
- ^ “Sikh extremism spread fast in Canada”. expressindia.com. 23 May 2007. Archived from the original on 14 October 2012. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ “Sikh extremism in Canada mushroomed very quickly”. rediff.com. 23 May 2007. Archived from the original on 28 March 2012. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ Brown, Jim (22 November 2007). “The reign of terror is still there”. Toronto Star. Archived from the original on 12 October 2012. Retrieved 2 September 2017.
- ^ Kay, Jonathan (17 November 2008). “A true Sikh martyr: Jonathan Kay on the 10th anniversary of the assassination of Tara Singh Hayer”. The National Post. Retrieved 7 June 2009.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Bolan, Kim (2006). Loss of Faith: How the Air-India Bombers Got Away With Murder (Paperback ed.). McClelland & Stewart. p. 388 (Chapters 6 and 7). ISBN 978-0-7710-1131-3.
- ^ “Testimony: Babbar Khalsa Ordered Tara Singh Hayer Slaying”. CanWest News Service. 14 December 2003. Archived from the original on 28 September 2011. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ Summers, Chris (2 June 2000). “Call for end to Sikh murder mystery”. BBC News. Archived from the original on 12 November 2013. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ Summers, Chris (17 March 2005). “Call for police to solve Sikh murder”. BBC News. Archived from the original on 7 May 2010. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ “Netfirms | This site is temporarily unavailable”. Worldsikh.ca. Archived from the original on 1 January 2012. Retrieved 27 September 2015.
- ^ Grewal, San (11 July 2007). “Sikh organization sues CBC”. Toronto Star. Archived from the original on 27 January 2020. Retrieved 27 January 2020.
- ^ “Canadian journalist hits out at Sikh extremism”. The Times of India. 1 July 2007.[dead link]
- ^ Morley, Robert. “Sikh Terrorism Enters Politics in Canada”. The Trumpet. Archived from the original on 2 June 2011. Retrieved 25 May 2009.
- ^ Thorne, Barry (6 March 2008). “India PM warns against renewed Sikh extremism”. Radio Netherlands Worldwide. Archived from the original on 10 March 2008.
- ^ Bolan, Kim (11 March 2008). “Sikh separatist threat on rise in Canada: Indian PM warns of resurgent threat in Canada”. Vancouver Sun. Archived from the original on 12 November 2013.
- ^ “Amarinder Singh meets Justin Trudeau and Canada’s ‘Khalistani sympathiser’ minister”. The Times of India. 21 February 2018. Archived from the original on 11 October 2018. Retrieved 8 June 2018.
- ^ Singh, Surjit; Sharma, Anil (21 February 2018). “Khalistan figures in Trudeau-Amarinder talks, Punjab CM hands over list of 9 Canada-based radicals”. Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 8 June 2018.
- ^ Connolly, Amanda. “Jagmeet Singh defends speaking at Sikh separatist rally in 2015”. Global News. Archived from the original on 23 May 2018. Retrieved 22 May 2018.
- ^ “Khalistan no issue either in Canada or Punjab, says Sukhbir Badal”. Hindustan Times. 23 February 2018. Archived from the original on 11 March 2018. Retrieved 11 March 2018.
- ^ Milewski, Terry (September 2020). “Khalistan: A project of Pakistan” (PDF). Macdonald-Laurier Institute. Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 December 2020. Retrieved 4 February 2021.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c Pathi, Krutika (19 September 2023). “India expels Canadian diplomat, escalating tensions after Trudeau accuses India in Sikh’s killing”. AP News. Archived from the original on 19 September 2023. Retrieved 19 September 2023.
- ^ Staff, Star (14 October 2024). “Canada and India each expel six diplomats amid murder investigation of Sikh activist in B.C.” Toronto Star. Retrieved 27 November 2024.
- ^ “Trudeau accuses India in killing of Sikh leader on Canadian soil”. The Globe and Mail. 18 September 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2024.
- ^ “Sikh separatists ‘funded from UK'”. BBC News. 4 March 2008. Archived from the original on 26 March 2012. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ Bassey, Amardeep (26 February 2008). “TRANSCRIPT OF “FILE ON 4″- ‘SIKH GROUPS'” (PDF). BBC News. p. 20. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 February 2022. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ “Foreign Terrorist Organizations”. U. S. Department of State. 8 April 2008. Archived from the original on 13 May 2009.
- ^ “Terrorism: What You Need To Know About U.S. Sanctions”. U.S. Department of Treasury. Archived from the original on 20 October 2011. Retrieved 24 May 2009.
- ^ Gilligan, Andrew (21 April 2008). “Sikh civil servant who backs ‘martyr’ is now on TfL board” (PDF). Evening Standard. London. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 June 2009.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Bolan, Kim (18 February 2008). “Sikh leader solicits support”. Vancouver Sun. Archived from the original on 3 June 2009.
- ^ “Sikh separatists ‘funded from UK'”. BBC. 4 March 2008. Archived from the original on 14 December 2021. Retrieved 24 April 2008.
- Bibliography
- Axel, Brian Keith (2001), The nation’s Tortured Body: Violence, representation, and the formation of a Sikh “Diaspora”, Duke University Press, ISBN 978-0-8223-2615-1
- Behera, Navnita Chadha (2007), Demystifying Kashmir, Pearson Education India, ISBN 978-8131708460
- Deol, Harnik (2000), Religion and Nationalism in India: The case of the Punjab, Routledge, ISBN 978-0-415-20108-7
- Fair, C. Christine (2005), “Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies: Insights from the Khalistan and Tamil Eelam Movements”, Nationalism and Ethnic Politics, 11: 125–156, doi:10.1080/13537110590927845, S2CID 145552863
- Ghosh, Srikanta (1997), Indian Democracy Derailed – Politics and Politicians, APH Publishing, ISBN 978-81-7024-866-8, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 16 August 2019
- Haqqani, Husain (2010), Pakistan: Between Mosque and Military, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, ISBN 978-0-87003-285-1
- Jodhka, Surinder S. (21 April 2001), “Looking Back at the Khalistan Movement: Some Recent Researches on Its Rise and Decline”, Economic and Political Weekly, 36 (16): 1311–1318
- Jolly, Surjit (1988), Sikh Revivalist Movements, Gitanjali Publishing House, ISBN 978-81-85060-23-1, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 24 December 2018
- Mahmood, Cynthia Keppley (1996), Fighting for Faith and Nation, Series in Contemporary Ethnography, University of Pennsylvania Press, ISBN 978-0-8122-1592-2, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 29 August 2020
- Nayar, Kuldip; Singh, Kushwant (1985), Tragedy of Punjab, Vision Books, ISBN 1-85127-069-8, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 24 December 2018
- Pettigrew, Joyce (1995), The Sikhs of the Punjab: Unheard Voices of State and Guerrilla Violence, Zed Books, ISBN 978-1-85649-355-0
- Shah, Mehtab Ali (1997), The Foreign Policy of Pakistan: Ethnic Impacts on Diplomacy 1971–1994, I.B.Tauris, ISBN 978-1-86064-169-5
- Shani, Giorgio (2005), “Beyond Khalistan? Sikh diasporic identity and critical international theory1”, Sikh Formations, 1 (1): 57–74, doi:10.1080/17448720500132565, S2CID 145300683
- Shani, Giorgio (2008), Sikh Nationalism and Identity in a Global Age, Routledge, ISBN 978-0-415-42190-4, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 24 December 2018
- Singh, Gurharpal (2000), Ethnic Conflict in India: A Case-Study of Punjab, Palgrave Macmillan UK, ISBN 978-0-333-98177-1, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 3 December 2018
- Sirrs, Owen L. (2016). Pakistan’s Inter-Services Intelligence Directorate: Covert Action and Internal Operations. Routledge. p. 167. ISBN 978-1-317-19609-9.
- Tambiah, Stanley Jeyaraja (1996), Leveling Crowds: Ethnonationalist conflicts and collective violence in South Asia, University of California Press, ISBN 978-0-520-20642-7, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 24 December 2018
- Talbot, Ian (2000), India and Pakistan: Inventing the Nation, Bloomsbury Academic, ISBN 978-0-340-70633-6, archived from the original on 7 February 2023, retrieved 3 December 2018
- Van Dyke, Virginia (2009), “The Khalistan Movement in Punjab, India, and the Post-Militancy Era: Structural Change and New Political Compulsions”, Asian Survey, 49 (6): 975–997, doi:10.1525/as.2009.49.6.975
- References
- Citations
- ^ Shah, Murtaza Ali (27 January 2022). “Khalistan flag installed on Gandhi Statue in Washington”. Geo News. Archived from the original on 31 July 2022. Retrieved 31 July 2022.
- ^ Kinnvall, Catarina (24 January 2007). “Situating Sikh and Hindu Nationalism in India”. Globalization and Religious Nationalism in India: The Search for Ontological Security. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-13-413570-7. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 14 August 2015.
- ^ Crenshaw, Martha, 1995, Terrorism in Context, Pennsylvania State University, ISBN 978-0-271-01015-1 p. 364
- ^ Canton, Naomi (10 June 2022). “Banned SFJ leader unveils ‘Khalistan map’, with Shimla as ‘capital’, before Pak press in Lahore”. The Times of India. Archived from the original on 10 February 2023. Retrieved 26 March 2023.
- ^ Mehtab Ali Shah, The Foreign Policy of Pakistan 1997, pp. 24–25.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Axel, Brian Keith (2001). The Nation’s Tortured Body: Violence, Representation, and the Formation of a Sikh “Diaspora”. Duke University Press. p. 84. ISBN 978-0-8223-2615-1. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
The call for a Sikh homeland was first made in the 1930s, addressed to the quickly dissolving empire.
- ^ Shani, Giorgio (2007). Sikh Nationalism and Identity in a Global Age. Routledge. p. 51. ISBN 978-1-134-10189-4. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
However, the term Khalistan was first coined by Dr V.S. Bhatti to denote an independent Sikh state in March 1940. Dr Bhatti made the case for a separate Sikh state in a pamphlet entitled ‘Khalistan’ in response to the Muslim League’s Lahore Resolution.
- ^ Bianchini, Stefano; Chaturvedi, Sanjay; Ivekovic, Rada; Samaddar, Ranabir (2004). Partitions: Reshaping States and Minds. Routledge. p. 121. ISBN 978-1-134-27654-7. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
Around the same time, a pamphlet of about forty pages, entitled ‘Khalistan’, and authored by medical doctor, V.S. Bhatti, also appeared.
- ^ Gupta, Shekhar; Subramanian, Nirupaman (15 December 1993). “You can’t get Khalistan through military movement: Jagat Singh Chouhan”. India Today. Archived from the original on 4 February 2021. Retrieved 29 November 2019.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d “New brand of Sikh militancy: Suave, tech-savvy pro-Khalistan youth radicalised on social media”. Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 4 March 2021. Retrieved 27 April 2018.
- ^ Jump up to:a b “India gives Trudeau list of suspected Sikh separatists in Canada”. Reuters. 22 February 2018. Archived from the original on 3 February 2021. Retrieved 22 May 2018.
The Sikh insurgency petered out in the 1990s. He told state leaders his country would not support anyone trying to reignite the movement for an independent Sikh homeland called Khalistan.
- ^ Fair, C. Christine (2005). “Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies: Insights from the Khalistan and Tamil Eelam Movements”. Nationalism and Ethnic Politics. 11: 125–156. doi:10.1080/13537110590927845. ISSN 1353-7113. S2CID 145552863.
- ^ Weisman, Steven R. “A Top Indian General is Assassinated”, Seattle Post-Intelligencer, 11 August 1986.
- ^ “The Vaidya Murder Case: Confirming Death Sentences”, India Abroad. (New York edition). New York, N.Y.: 24 July 1992. Vol.XXII, Issue. 43; pg.20.
- ^ “Punjab on edge over hanging of Beant Singh’s killer Bhai Balwant Singh Rajoana”. India Today. 28 March 2012. Archived from the original on 29 March 2012. Retrieved 28 March 2012.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f g h Van Dyke, The Khalistan Movement (2009), p. 990.
- ^ Ali, Haider (6 June 2018). “Mass protests erupt around Golden Temple complex as pro-Khalistan sikhs mark Blue Star anniversary”. Daily Pakistan. Archived from the original on 6 July 2020. Retrieved 25 June 2018.
- ^ “UK: Pakistani-origin lawmaker leads protests in London to call for Kashmir, Khalistan freedom”. Scroll. 27 January 2018. Archived from the original on 3 February 2021. Retrieved 29 June 2018.
- ^ Bhattacharyya, Anirudh (5 June 2017). “Pro-Khalistan groups plan event in Canada to mark Operation Bluestar anniversary”. Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 4 February 2021. Retrieved 6 July 2018.
- ^ Majumdar, Ushinor. “Sikh Extremists in Canada, The UK And Italy Are Working With ISI Or Independently”. Outlook India. Archived from the original on 20 July 2019. Retrieved 8 June 2018.
Q. Is it clear which “foreign hand” is driving this entire nexus? A. Evidence gathered by the police and other agencies points to the ISI as the key perpetrator of extremism in Punjab. (Amarinder Singh Indian Punjab Chief Minister)
- ^ “Simranjit Singh Mann stokes row, dedicates Sangrur win to Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale: Know about pro-Khalistan leader”, Firstpost, 27 June 2022, archived from the original on 27 June 2022, retrieved 27 June 2022
- ^ “Sangrur Bypoll Results Live: AAP loses Bhagwant Mann’s seat, SAD-A wins by 6,800 votes”, Hindustan Times, 26 June 2022, archived from the original on 26 June 2022, retrieved 26 June 2022
- ^ Wallace, Paul (1986). “The Sikhs as a “Minority” in a Sikh Majority State in India”. Asian Survey. 26 (3): 363–377. doi:10.2307/2644197. ISSN 0004-4687. JSTOR 2644197.
Over 8,000,000 of India’s 10,378,979 Sikhs were concentrated in Punjab
- ^ Jolly, Sikh Revivalist Movements (1988), p. 6.
- ^ Purewal, Navtej K. (2017). Living on the Margins: Social Access to Shelter in Urban South Asia. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-351-74899-5. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
The wrangling between various Sikh groupings were resolved by the nineteenth century when Maharajah Ranjit Singh unified the Punjab from Peshawar t the Sutluj River.
- ^ Panton, Kenneth J. (2015). Historical Dictionary of the British Empire. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 470. ISBN 978-0-8108-7524-1. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
A second conflict, just two years later, led to complete subjugation of the Sikhs and the incorporation of the remainder of their lands
- ^ Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 127.
- ^ Axel, Brian Keith (2001). The Nation’s Tortured Body: Violence, Representation, and the Formation of a Sikh “Diaspora”. Duke University Press. p. 85. ISBN 978-0-8223-2615-1. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
The Akalis viewed the Lahore Resolution and the Cripps Mission as a betrayal of the Sikhs and an attempt to usurp what, since the time of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, was historically a Sikh territory.
- ^ Tan, Tai Yong; Kudaisya, Gyanesh (2005) [First published 2000], The Aftermath of Partition in South Asia, Routledge, p. 100, ISBN 978-0-415-28908-5,
The professed intention of the Muslim League to impose a Muslim state on the Punjab (a Muslim majority province) was anathema to the Sikhs … the Sikhs launched a virulent campaign against the Lahore Resolution … Sikh leaders of all political persuasions made it clear that Pakistan would be ‘wholeheartedly resisted’.
- ^ Axel, Brian Keith (2001). The Nation’s Tortured Body: Violence, Representation, and the Formation of a Sikh “Diaspora”. Duke University Press. p. 84. ISBN 978-0-8223-2615-1. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
Against the nationalist ideology of a united India, which called for all groups to set aside “communal” differences, the Shiromani Akali Dal Party of the 1930s rallied around the proposition of a Sikh panth (community) that was separate from Hindus and Muslims.
- ^ Shani, Giorgio (2007). Sikh Nationalism and Identity in a Global Age. Routledge. p. 52. ISBN 978-1-134-10189-4. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
Khalistan was imagined as a theocratic state, a mirror-image of ‘Muslim’ Pakistan, led by the Maharaja of Patiala with the aid of a cabinet consisting of representing federating units.
- ^ Shah, Mehtab Ali (1997), The Foreign Policy of Pakistan: Ethnic Impacts on Diplomacy 1971–1994, I.B.Tauris, ISBN 978-1-86064-169-5, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 5 October 2020
- ^ Hill, K.; Seltzer, W.; Leaning, J.; Malik, S.J.; Russell, S. S.; Makinson, C. (2003), A Demographic Case Study of Forced Migration: The 1947 Partition of India, Harvard University Asia Center, archived from the original on 6 December 2008
- ^ McLeod, W. H. (1989), The Sikhs: History, Religion, and Society, Columbia University Press, ISBN 978-0-231-06815-4
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 129.
- ^ “Gurudwaras Outside of Punjab State”. Gateway To Sikhism. 30 November 1999. Archived from the original on 2 March 2021. Retrieved 17 October 2020.
- ^ Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 130.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d e Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 128.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 134.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f g h Jetly, Rajshree. 2006. “The Khalistan Movement in India: The Interplay of Politics and State Power.” International Review of Modern Sociology 34(1):61–62. JSTOR 41421658.
- ^ “Hindu-Sikh relations – I”. The Tribune. Chandigarh, India: Tribuneindia.com. 3 November 2003. Archived from the original on 5 June 2011.
- ^ Chawla, Muhammad Iqbal. 2017. The Khalistan Movement of 1984: A Critical Appreciation.
- ^ “The Punjab Reorganisation Act, 1966” (PDF). Government of India. 18 September 1966. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 January 2012.
- ^ Stanley Wolpert (2005). India. University of California Press. p. 216. ISBN 9780520246966. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 11 March 2023.
- ^ Mitra, Subrata K. (2007), The Puzzle of India’s Governance: Culture, Context and Comparative Theory, Advances in South Asian Studies: Routledge, p. 94, ISBN 978-1-134-27493-2, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 6 March 2018
- ^ Singh, Khushwant (2004), “The Anandpur Sahib Resolution and Other Akali Demands”, A History of the Sikhs: Volume 2: 1839–2004, Oxford University Press, doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195673098.001.0001, ISBN 978-0-19-567309-8
- ^ Ray, Jayanta Kumar (2007), Aspects of India’s International Relations, 1700 to 2000: South Asia and the World, Pearson Education India, p. 484, ISBN 978-81-317-0834-7, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 16 August 2019
- ^ Jump up to:a b c Akshayakumar Ramanlal Desai (1991). Expanding Governmental Lawlessness and Organized Struggles. Popular Prakashan. pp. 64–66. ISBN 978-81-7154-529-2.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 135.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d Pandya, Haresh (11 April 2007). “Jagjit Singh Chauhan, Sikh Militant Leader in India, Dies at 80”. The New York Times. Archived from the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 17 February 2017.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Axel, The Nation’s Tortured Body (2011), pp. 101–
- ^ Jump up to:a b Gupta, Shekhar; Subramanian, Nirupaman (15 December 1993). “You can’t get Khalistan through military movement: Jagat Singh Chouhan”. India Today. Archived from the original on 4 February 2021. Retrieved 29 November 2019.
- ^ Thomas, Jo (14 June 1984). “London Sikh Assumes Role of Exile Chief”. The New York Times. Archived from the original on 24 October 2018. Retrieved 24 October 2018.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c Dulat, A. S. (13 December 2020). “Genesis of tumultuous period in Punjab”. The Tribune. Chandigarh, India. Archived from the original on 24 June 2021. Retrieved 13 June 2021.
Bhindranwale never raised the demand for Khalistan or went beyond the Akali Anandpur Sahib Resolution, while he himself was prepared for negotiations to the very end.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Stevens, William K. (19 June 1984). “Punjab Raid: Unanswered Questions”. The News York Times. Archived from the original on 24 June 2021. Retrieved 12 June 2021.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d e Chima, Jugdep S (2008), The Sikh Separatist Insurgency in India: Political Leadership and Ethnonationalist Movements, India: Sage Publications, pp. 71–75, ISBN 978-81-321-0538-1, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 5 October 2020
- ^ Sharma, Sanjay (5 June 2011). “Bhajan Lal lived with ‘anti-Sikh, anti-Punjab’ image”. The Times of India. Archived from the original on 10 June 2011.
- ^ Stepan, Alfred; Linz, Juan J.; Yadav, Yogendra (2011), Crafting State-Nations: India and Other Multinational Democracies (Illustrated ed.), JHU Press, p. 97, ISBN 978-0-8018-9723-8, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 5 October 2020
- ^ Ghosh, Srikanta. 1997. Indian Democracy Derailed – Politics and Politicians. APH Publishing. ISBN 978-81-7024-866-8. p. 95.
- ^ Sisson, Mary. 2011. “Sikh Terrorism.” pp. 544–545 in The Sage Encyclopedia of Terrorism (2nd ed.), edited by G. Martin. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. ISBN 978-1-4129-8016-6. doi:10.4135/9781412980173.n368.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Sharma, Mool Chand, and A.K. Sharma, eds. 2004. “Discrimination Based on Religion Archived 24 October 2020 at the Wayback Machine.” pp. 108–110 in Discrimination Based on Sex, Caste, Religion, and Disability. New Delhi: National Council for Teacher Education. Archived from the original on 2 June 2010. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
- ^ Swami, Praveen (16 January 2014). “RAW chief consulted MI6 in build-up to Operation Bluestar”. The Hindu. Chennai, India. Archived from the original on 18 January 2014. Retrieved 9 August 2018.
- ^ Singh, Khushwant. 2004. A History of the Sikhs, Volume II: 1839–2004. New Delhi: Oxford University Press. p. 337.
- ^ Subramanian, L. N. (12 October 2006). “Operation Bluestar, 05 June 1984”. Bharat Rakshak Monitor. 3 (2). Archived from the original on 30 June 2020. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
- ^ Jump up to:a b “Sikh Leader in Punjab Accord Assassinated”. Los Angeles Times. Times Wire Services. 21 August 1985. Archived from the original on 29 January 2016. Retrieved 9 August 2018.
- ^ Tully, Mark; Jacob, Satish (1985). Amritsar: Mrs Gandhi’s Last Battle (5 ed.). J. Cape. p. 147. ISBN 978-0-22-402328-3. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ Wolpert, Stanley A., ed. (2009). “India”. Encyclopædia Britannica.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Gates, Scott; Roy, Kaushik (4 February 2014). “Insurgency and Counter-Insurgency in Punjab”. Unconventional Warfare in South Asia: Shadow Warriors and Counterinsurgency. Ashgate Publishing. p. 167. ISBN 978-1-40-943706-2. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ Diwanji, Amberish K. (4 June 2004). “There is a limit to how much a country can take”. The Rediff Interview/Lieutenant General Kuldip Singh Brar (retired). Rediff.com. Archived from the original on 3 December 2019. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ Walia, Varinder (20 March 2007). “Army reveals startling facts on Bluestar, says Longowal surrendered”. The Tribune. Amristar. Archived from the original on 4 August 2020. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ Jugdep S Chima (2008). The Sikh Separatist Insurgency in India: Political Leadership and Ethnonationalist Movements. Sage Publishing India. pp. 114–. ISBN 978-9351509530. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 13 March 2023.
- ^ White Paper on the Punjab Agitation. New Delhi: Government of India Press. 1984. p. 40. OL 1839009M. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ Karim, Afsir (1991). Counter Terrorism, the Pakistan Factor. Lancer Publishers. pp. 33–36. ISBN 978-8170621270. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 13 March 2023.
- ^ “Pakistan would have recognised Khalistan”. Rediff.com. 3 June 2004. Archived from the original on 29 January 2009. Retrieved 20 June 2006.
- ^ Andrew, Christopher M.; Mitrokhin, Vasili (2005). The Mitrokhin Archive II: The KGB and the World. Allen Lane. p. 336. ISBN 978-0-7139-9359-2. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 30 September 2022.
- ^ Andrew, Christopher (2008). The World Was Going Our Way: The KGB and the Battle for the Third World. DIANE Publishing Company. ISBN 978-1-4223-9312-3. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 30 September 2022.
- ^ Subramanian Swamy (1992). Building a New India: An Agenda for National Renaissance. UBS Publishers’ Distributors. p. 18. ISBN 978-81-85674-21-6. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 6 September 2022.
The 1984 Operation Bluestar became necessary because of the vast disinformation against Sant Bhindranwale by the KGB, and repeated inside Parliament by the Congress Party of India.
- ^ Guidry, John A., Michael D. Kennedy, and Mayer N. Zald, eds. 2000. Globalizations and Social Movements: Culture, Power, and the Transnational Public Sphere. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 978-0-472-06721-3. p. 319.
- ^ Nanavati, G. T. 9 February 2005. “Report of the Justice Nanavati Commission of Inquiry (1984 Anti-Sikh Riots) Archived 3 February 2021 at the Wayback Machine” 1. New Delhi: Ministry of Home Affairs. Archived from the original 27 November 2014. Retrieved 18 May 2020. Also available via People’s Archive of Rural India Archived 7 May 2020 at the Wayback Machine.
- ^ Jump up to:a b “What about the big fish?”. Tehelka. Anant Media. 25 August 2005. Archived from the original on 13 September 2012.
- ^ Singh, Swadesh Bahadur. 31 May 1996. “Cabinet berth for a Sikh.” Indian Express.
- ^ Kumar, Ram Narayan, et al. 2003. Reduced to Ashes: The Insurgency and Human Rights in Punjab. South Asia Forum for Human Rights. p. 43. Available via Committee for Information and Initiative on Punjab.
- ^ In Depth: Air India Archived 18 March 2005 at the Wayback Machine – The Victims, CBC News Online, 16 March 2005
- ^ “Free. Fair. Fearless”. Tehelka. Archived from the original on 12 September 2012.
- ^ “Jagmeet Singh now rejects glorification of Air India bombing mastermind”. CBC News. 15 March 2018. Archived from the original on 2 October 2020. Retrieved 4 August 2020.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c Gilligan, Andrew (21 April 2008). “Ken’s adviser is linked to terror group”. London Evening Standard. Archived from the original on 12 June 2009. Retrieved 26 May 2009.
- ^ Bolan, Kim (9 February 2008). “Air India bombmaker sent to holding centre”. Ottawa Citizen. Archived from the original on 9 November 2012. Retrieved 31 May 2009.
- ^ “Convicted Air India bomb-builder Inderjit Singh Reyat gets bail”. CBC News. 9 July 2008. Archived from the original on 10 July 2008. Retrieved 10 June 2009.
- ^ “Sikh Temple Sit-In Is a Challenge for Punjab.” The New York Times. 2 February 1986.
- ^ Singh, I. (10 July 2012). “Sarbat Khalsa and Gurmata”. SikhNet. Archived from the original on 12 June 2013. Retrieved 15 March 2013.
- ^ “Sant Nirankari Mission”. nirankari.org. Archived from the original on 13 January 2023. Retrieved 13 January 2023.
- ^ “Gunmen Slaughter 32 on Bus in India in Bloodiest Attack of Sikh Campaign”. The Philadelphia Inquirer, 7 July 1987. Page A03.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d Gargan, Edward (10 October 1991). “Envoy of Romania Abducted in India”. The New York Times. Archived from the original on 23 October 2018. Retrieved 17 February 2017.
- ^ Gurharpal Singh, Ethnic Conflict in India (2000), Chapters 8 & 9.
- ^ Gurharpal Singh, Ethnic Conflict in India (2000), Chapter 10.
- ^ “Amnesty International report on Punjab”. Amnesty International. 20 January 2003. Archived from the original on 3 December 2006.
- ^ “The Tribune, Chandigarh, India – Punjab”. Tribuneindia.com. Archived from the original on 5 June 2011. Retrieved 27 September 2015.
- ^ “SAD (A) to contest the coming SGPC elections on Khalistan issue: Mann”. PunjabNewsline.com. 14 January 2010. Archived from the original on 15 July 2011.
- ^ “Balwinder Singh Sandu”. Gallantry Awards. Archived from the original on 31 October 2020. Retrieved 29 October 2020.
- ^ “Gunmen Wound India Ambassador”. Los Angeles Times. 21 August 1991. Archived from the original on 10 October 2012. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ “World Notes India”. Time. 21 October 1991. Archived from the original on 30 September 2007. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ “Secret Injustice: The Harpal Singh Case | Part 1: Flashback”. The Sikh Sentinel. 17 September 2003. Archived from the original on 8 March 2012.
- ^ Talbot, India and Pakistan (2000), p. 272.
- ^ Simmons, Mary Kate (1998). Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization: yearbook. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. p. 187. ISBN 978-90-411-0223-2. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 3 August 2018.
- ^ “Issue Paper INDIA: Sikhs in Punjab 1994–95”. Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada. February 1996. Retrieved 31 May 2009.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d “U.S. Court Convicts Khalid Awan for Supporting Khalistan Commando Force”. The United States Attorney’s Office. 20 December 2006. Archived from the original on 15 January 2012. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ Mahmood, Cynthia. 5 May 1997. “Fax to Ted Albers.” Orono, Maine: Resource Information Center.
- ^ Documentation, Information and Research Branch. 17 February 1997. “India: Information from four specialists on the Punjab, Response to Information Request #IND26376.EX.” Ottawa: Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada.
- ^ “Protecting the Killers: A Policy of Impunity in Punjab, India: I. Summary”. Human Rights Watch. 9 October 2006. Archived from the original on 12 October 2008. Retrieved 11 January 2010.
- ^ Special Broadcasting Service:: Dateline – presented by George Negus Archived 28 August 2008 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ “The Hindu: Opinion / News Analysis: Is justice possible without looking for the truth?”. The Hindu. 9 September 2005. Archived from the original on 22 May 2008.
- ^ “India: A vital opportunity to end impunity in Punjab”. Amnesty International USA. Archived from the original on 25 June 2009.
- ^ “ASW”. Human Rights Watch. 1992. Archived from the original on 12 October 2012. Retrieved 11 January 2010.
- ^ “India: Time to Deliver Justice for Atrocities in Punjab”. Human Rights Watch. 18 October 2007. Archived from the original on 13 January 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ “Document – India: Break the cycle of impunity and torture in Punjab | Amnesty International”. Amnesty International. 2003. Archived from the original on 12 June 2011. Retrieved 11 January 2010.
- ^ Sehgal, Manjeet (23 September 2019). “Punjab: Four Khalistan Zindabad Force terrorists arrested in Taran Taran”. India Today. Archived from the original on 15 December 2019. Retrieved 27 December 2019.
- ^ Service, Tribune News. “NIA demands custody of 4 in Tarn Taran blast case”. Tribuneindia News Service. Archived from the original on 27 December 2019. Retrieved 27 December 2019.
- ^ Punj, Balbair (16 June 2005). “The Ghost of Khalistan”. The Sikh Times. Archived from the original on 4 December 2018. Retrieved 23 January 2007.
- ^ “Terror attacks in Punjab being planned by pro-Khalistan outfits with Pak’s support: Intelligence sources”. DNA India. 26 December 2019. Archived from the original on 27 December 2019. Retrieved 27 December 2019.
- ^ Nanjappa, Vicky (26 December 2019). “High alert declared after IB picks up intercepts on possible terror attack in Punjab”. Oneindia. Archived from the original on 27 December 2019. Retrieved 27 December 2019.
- ^ “Official Resolutions From Sarbat Khalsa 2015”. Sikh24.com. 11 November 2015. Archived from the original on 12 November 2015. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
- ^ “Khalistan slogans raised as Mann comes to meet Khalsa”. The Indian Express. 25 July 2015. Archived from the original on 27 August 2015. Retrieved 14 August 2015.
- ^ “Probable Resurgence of the Khalistan Movement: Role of the Sikh Diaspora – Science, Technology and Security forum”. stsfor.org. Archived from the original on 16 October 2015. Retrieved 2 April 2023.
- ^ “Responses to Information Requests”. irb-cisr.gc.ca. 5 June 2018. Archived from the original on 14 August 2019. Retrieved 14 August 2019.
- ^ “Pro-Khalistan slogans raised on Bluestar anniversary in Punjab”. Deccan Herald. 6 June 2015. Archived from the original on 25 July 2015. Retrieved 14 August 2015.
- ^ “Pro-Khalistan slogans raised during Punjab CM Parkash Singh Badal’s function”. The Indian Express. 26 July 2015. Archived from the original on 29 August 2015. Retrieved 14 August 2015.
- ^ Kumar, Ram Narayan (1997), The Sikh unrest and the Indian state: politics, personalities, and historical retrospective, Ajanta, ISBN 978-81-202-0453-9 quoted in Rediff On the Net Archived 15 August 2018 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Pettigrew, The Sikhs of the Punjab (1995), pp. 188–197.
- ^ Van Dyke, The Khalistan Movement (2009), p. 992.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Van Dyke, The Khalistan Movement (2009), p. 991.
- ^ Jump up to:a b “No chance of another Khalistan movement in Punjab: Defence experts”. Hindustan Times. ANI. 19 March 2016. Archived from the original on 6 May 2018. Retrieved 5 May 2018.
- ^ Dhillon, Simrat (December 2007). “The Sikh Diaspora and the Quest for Khalistan: A Search for Statehood or for Self-preservation?” (PDF). Institute of Peace and Conflict Studies. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 August 2019. Retrieved 26 May 2009.
- ^ Anand, Nisha. “Australian police releases pics of 6 men involved in Khalistan referendum brawl”. Hindustan Times.
- ^ “Brawl breaks out over Khalistan referendum in Australia; India raises concerns with authorities”. The Indian Express. 30 January 2023. Retrieved 13 October 2024.
- ^ “‘Appalled’: Australian envoy on attack by Khalistan elements on pro-India groups”. Hindustan Times.
- ^ “Police investigating attack on Brampton radio host after remarks on Punjabi actor”. The Globe and Mail. 24 February 2022. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
He told police he was approached near his Brampton studio Wednesday afternoon by three men who were shouting support for Mr. Sidhu, who was also a Sikh activist. “One of them pulled a gun on me, and the other hit me on the head with a beer bottle,” he told The Globe and Mail.
- ^ “‘Bhindranwale 2.0’: Radical Khalistan Sympathiser Amritpal Singh Active in Punjab”. NDTV News. Archived from the original on 24 February 2023. Retrieved 24 February 2023.
Often escorted by armed supporters and donning a flowing white ‘chola’ and a navy-blue turban, radical preacher and Khalistan sympathiser Amritpal Singh has been very active for some time in Punjab.
- ^ Sethi, Chitleen K. (23 February 2023). “Radical activist Amritpal storms Ajnala police station with supporters, secures aide’s release”. ThePrint. Archived from the original on 24 February 2023. Retrieved 24 February 2023.
- ^ “Radical preacher Amritpal Singh issue: Habeas corpus petition moved in HC seeking his ‘release'”. The Financial Express. Archived from the original on 19 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
- ^ [137][138][139]
- ^ “Deep Sidhu disliked Amritpal Singh, blocked his phone”. Tribune India. Archived from the original on 10 February 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ Matharu, Sonal (25 October 2022). “Fiery orator, ‘Bhindranwale 2.0’ – who’s Amritpal Singh, new ‘head’ of Deep Sidhu’s Waris Punjab De”. ThePrint. Archived from the original on 16 November 2022. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “The rise and fall of Amritpal Singh”. Tribune India. Archived from the original on 20 March 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “Unaware how Amritpal Singh declared himself head of ‘Waris Punjab De’, says Deep Sidhu’s kin”. Financialexpress. 24 February 2023. Archived from the original on 19 March 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “Amritpal Singh: Amrit Sanchar to focus on ‘de-addiction’ of youth”. Tribune India. Archived from the original on 16 November 2022. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “‘Khalistan shouldn’t be seen as…’: Amritpal Singh as Toofan to be freed today”. Hindustan Times. 24 February 2023. Archived from the original on 24 February 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “Amritpal Singh | A radical preacher”. The Hindu. 25 February 2023. ISSN 0971-751X. Archived from the original on 31 March 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ Mogul, Rhea (22 March 2023). “Khalistan: The outlawed Sikh separatist movement that has Indian authorities on edge”. CNN. Archived from the original on 23 March 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “‘Waris Punjab De’ chief Amritpal Singh arrested from Punjab’s Moga under NSA; shifted to Assam’s Dibrugarh jail”. The Hindu. 23 April 2023. ISSN 0971-751X. Archived from the original on 23 April 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “Watch: Sikhs attack Indian consulate in San Francisco, raise Khalistani flag to protest against crackdown on Amritpal Singh”. Free Press Journal. 20 March 2023. Archived from the original on 21 March 2023. Retrieved 21 March 2023.
- ^ Simon Little; Julie Nolin. “Journalist allegedly assaulted as Punjab tensions spill over into B.C.” Global News. Archived from the original on 21 March 2023. Retrieved 21 March 2023.
- ^ “Indian High Commission: Diplomat summoned after London protest”. BBC News. 20 March 2023. Archived from the original on 25 June 2023. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
- ^ “Amritpal Singh’s brother-in-law key accused in attack on Indian high commission in Canada”. Hindustan Times. 24 June 2023. Archived from the original on 5 July 2023. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
- ^ “Pro-Khalistan protesters tried to set on fire India’s consulate in San Francisco”. The Tribune India. Archived from the original on 25 June 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “Senior Indian journalist attacked by pro-Khalistanis outside Indian Embassy in Washington”. Deccan Herald. 26 March 2023. Archived from the original on 25 June 2023. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
- ^ “Journalist allegedly assaulted as Punjab tensions spill over into B.C.” Global News. Archived from the original on 21 March 2023. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
- ^ “Journalist allegedly assaulted as Punjab tensions spill over into B.C.” Global News. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
- ^ “‘Mr Taranjit Singh Sandhu…’: Khalistan supporter threatens Indian envoy to US | Watch”. Hindustan Times. 26 March 2023. Archived from the original on 27 June 2023. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
- ^ Anirudh Bhattacharyya (27 April 2018). “Canadian police frees Khalistani ‘separatist’ Hardeep Nijjar after 24 hours in custody”. Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 21 September 2023. Retrieved 19 September 2023.
- ^ “2nd attack since March: Indian consulate set on fire in San Francisco; US condemns violence”. The Times of India. 4 July 2023. ISSN 0971-8257. Archived from the original on 4 July 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ Jump up to:a b “US condemns vandalism, attempted arson against Indian Consulate in San Francisco”. Tribune India. Archived from the original on 4 July 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “US condemns vandalism at Indian consulate in San Francisco”. Reuters. 4 July 2023. Archived from the original on 4 July 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “‘Heated’ demonstration at Indian consulate in Toronto sees one arrested”. The Globe and Mail. 9 July 2023. Archived from the original on 14 July 2023. Retrieved 14 July 2023.
Some online posters ahead of the event said “Kill India” and suggested, without evidence, that Indian diplomats played a role in Mr. Nijjar’s death.
- ^ “A year after Hardeep Singh Nijjar’s death, mysteries remain about how he really lived”. The Globe and Mail. 22 June 2024. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
- ^ “Pro-Khalistani Group in Toronto Glorifies Beant Singh’s Killer, Indian Authorities to Raise Issue With Canada | EXCLUSIVE”. News18. 2 September 2024. Retrieved 13 October 2024.
- ^ “Canada: Pro-Khalistan rallies feature floats celebrating 1995 Beant Singh bombing”. Business Today. 1 September 2024. Retrieved 13 October 2024.
- ^ “‘I will not be silenced’: Calgary radio host attack caught on CCTV”. Global News. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
- ^ “Calgary radio host speaks out after being attacked outside banquet hall”. Global News. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
- ^ “Indo-Canadian mediaperson, attacked by two persons, blames ‘pro-Khalistan’ elements”. Hindustan Times.
- ^ “Calgary police investigating weekend assault of radio host”. CTV News Calgary. 1 October 2024. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
- ^ “Radio journalist says he was assaulted in attack over news coverage”. Calgary Herald.
City police are seeking two suspects in an assault on a well-known radio journalist in Calgary’s northeast that apparently targeted his reporting on crime issues within the Sikh community.
- ^ “Calgary police probe assault of RED FM news director”. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation.
Staff Sgt. John Guigon said Nagar was struck in the head but was not seriously hurt, and that the incident was captured on video. “It was not a pleasant situation,” he said.”[It is] particularly troubling to us when a member of the media gets attacked in a democracy…. We’re throwing resources at it.”
- ^ [167][168][169][170][171][172]
- ^ Sharma, Abhinav (3 October 2024). “Canadian radio journalist Rishi Nagar attacked by Khalistani groups in Canada”. Diya TV. Retrieved 4 October 2024.
A group of men supportive of the Khalistan separatist movement violently assaulted Canada-based RED FM News Director Rishi Nagar allegedly for refusing to align with their agenda.
- ^ Moharib, Nadia (30 September 2024). “Man threatened outside NE temple, two arrested: Calgary police”. CityNews Calgary. Retrieved 11 October 2024.
- ^ Bradley, Jonathan (1 October 2024). “RED FM Calgary host says attack will not stop his journalism”. Western Standard. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
- ^ Bradley, Jonathan (2 October 2024). “UPDATED: Poilievre, Smith say they are disturbed by attack on RED FM Calgary host”. Western Standard. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
- ^ “Journalists reporting against Khalistan groups under attack in Canada, says Indian-origin MP”. The Tribune. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
- ^ O’Brien, Raju Mudhar, Abby (9 November 2024). “‘This is not a Hindu and Sikh battle’: The complex history behind protests that erupted at Brampton temples this week over Indian consular visits”. Toronto Star. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
In another video, individuals holding pro-Khalistan flagpoles can be seen running onto the property, striking those inside the perimeter with them. A chaotic scene ensues.
- ^ Aguilar, Bryann (3 November 2024). “Police increase their presence at Hindu temple in Brampton after protest”. CP24. Retrieved 3 November 2024.
- ^ ICI.Radio-Canada.ca, Zone Justice et faits divers- (4 November 2024). “3 arrested and charged after protest at Brampton Hindu temple, police say”. Radio-Canada.ca (in Canadian French). Retrieved 4 November 2024.
- ^ O’Brien, Raju Mudhar, Abby (9 November 2024). “‘This is not a Hindu and Sikh battle’: The complex history behind protests that erupted at Brampton temples this week over Indian consular visits”. Toronto Star. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
The clash saw three people arrested and an off-duty police officer who participated in the protest, Sergeant Harinder Sohi, suspended.
- ^ “Peel cop suspended after participating in protest outside Hindu temple”. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation.
- ^ “Who Is The Suspended Cop Harinder Sohi And What Happened At The Pro-Khalistan Protest?”. TheDailyGuardian. Retrieved 4 November 2024.
- ^ O’Brien, Raju Mudhar, Abby (9 November 2024). “‘This is not a Hindu and Sikh battle’: The complex history behind protests that erupted at Brampton temples this week over Indian consular visits”. Toronto Star. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
The video then appears to show one of the officers breaking away from his colleagues, running onto temple property, and repeatedly striking an individual. When reached for comment, Peel police said it was aware of the video and was looking into it.
- ^ “Video: Canadian cop punches Hindu man protesting against pro-Khalistan mob attack”. India Today. 4 November 2024. Retrieved 4 November 2024.
- ^ “Fears of more clashes between Sikhs and Hindus in Brampton, Ont., as Canada-India rift spills over into suburbs”. The Globe and Mail. 8 November 2024. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
The Khalistani protesters claimed the event at the Hindu temple Sunday – where Indian consular staff were helping Indian immigrants apply for government pensions – was part of surveillance efforts to keep tabs on pro-Khalistan Sikhs.
- ^ O’Brien, Raju Mudhar, Abby (9 November 2024). “‘This is not a Hindu and Sikh battle’: The complex history behind protests that erupted at Brampton temples this week over Indian consular visits”. Toronto Star. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
It was the presence of Indian Consular officials, who have been visiting communities to help older people in the diaspora who may be entitled to pensions, that prompted SFJ to plan Sunday’s demonstration.
- ^ “Violent clashes erupt outside consular camp at Hindu temple in Canada’s Brampton”. The Hindu. 4 November 2024. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
Most beneficiaries of the consular service organised by the Indian High Commission in Brampton were Sikh members of the Indian diaspora.
- ^ “Fears of more clashes between Sikhs and Hindus in Brampton, Ont., as Canada-India rift spills over into suburbs”. The Globe and Mail. 8 November 2024. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
- ^ O’Brien, Raju Mudhar, Abby (9 November 2024). “‘This is not a Hindu and Sikh battle’: The complex history behind protests that erupted at Brampton temples this week over Indian consular visits”. Toronto Star. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
- ^ Lavoie, Joanna (9 November 2024). “Another person charged following violent demonstrations in Peel Region”. CP24. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
- ^ “Clashes erupted outside a Hindu temple near Toronto. They’re the latest sign of Canada and India’s spiraling relations”. CNN.
- ^ Jump up to:a b “Not one of its leaders elected since 1999, SAD (Amritsar) still contests polls demanding Khalistan”. The Indian Express. 22 January 2022. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
Headed by former MP Simranjit Singh Mann, a retired IPS officer, SAD (Amritsar) is the only party which still contests the elections in Punjab with demand for a separate Khalistan.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Takkar, Jatin (4 June 2024). “Pro-Khalistan separatists Amritpal and Sarabjeet lead over rivals”. The Economic Times. ISSN 0013-0389. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
- ^ Sethi, Chitleen K. (5 June 2024). “Amritpal, Sarabjeet Singh Khalsa — Sikh radicals’ poll victories pose challenge for Mann govt”. ThePrint. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
Amritpal Singh won from Khadoor Sahib by biggest margin this election in Punjab & Beant Singh’s son Khalsa won in Faridkot. But, Simranjit Singh Mann lost his Sangrur seat.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c “General Election to Parliamentary Constituencies: Trends & Results June-2024”. Election Commission of India.
- ^ “Father didn’t care and laid down his life, Sikh community pulled family through troubled times: Sarabjit Singh Khalsa”. The Economic Times. 6 June 2024. ISSN 0013-0389. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
Six-year-old Sarabjit when his father Beant Singh, a Delhi police SI who was part of the PM’s security detail, along with another of her bodyguards, Satwant Singh, assassinated Indira Gandhi in October 1984.
- ^ Pettigrew, The Sikhs of the Punjab (1995), p. 24.
- ^ Aggarwal, J. C.; Agrawal, S. P. (1992), Modern History of Punjab, Concept Publishing Company, p. 117, ISBN 978-81-7022-431-0
- ^ Jump up to:a b Puri, Harish K., Paramjit Singh Judge, and Jagrup Singh Sekhon. 1999. Terrorism in Punjab: Understanding Grassroots Reality. New Delhi: Har-Anand Publications. pp. 68–71.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 133.
- ^ Jump up to:a b “Council Common Position 2005/427/CFSP of 6 June 2005 updating Common Position 2001/931/CFSP on the application of specific measures to combat terrorism and repealing Common Position 2005/220/CFSP” (PDF). European Union. 6 June 2005. p. 5. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 June 2013. Retrieved 31 May 2009.
- ^ “Currently listed entities (terrorist organizations-ed)”. Public Safety Canada. Archived from the original on 26 June 2009. Retrieved 31 May 2009.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f Milewski, Terry (28 June 2007). “Sikh politics in Canada. Symbols and suits. Sikh extremism enters mainstream Canadian politics”. CBC. Archived from the original on 1 June 2009. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ Jump up to:a b “Proscribed terrorist groups”. UK Office for Security and Counter Terrorism. Archived from the original on 15 June 2009. Retrieved 24 May 2009.
- ^ “Terrorist Exclusion List”. U. S. Bureau of Counterterrorism and Countering Violent Extremism. 29 December 2004. Archived from the original on 13 May 2009. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ “Appendix F: Countering Terrorism on the Economic Front” (PDF). US Department of State. p. 2. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 November 2020. Retrieved 31 May 2009.
- ^ Mahmood (1996), p. 328
- ^ Martha Crenshaw, ed. (1995), Terrorism in Context, Pennsylvania State University Press, p. 656, ISBN 978-0-271-01015-1, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 29 August 2020
- ^ Atkins, Stephen E. (2004), Encyclopedia of modern worldwide extremists and extremist groups (illustrated ed.), Greenwood Publishing Group, p. 404, ISBN 978-0-313-32485-7, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 26 June 2009
- ^ “Foreign Terrorist Organizations”. U. S. Department of State. 8 April 2008. Archived from the original on 13 May 2009.
- ^ “Law Enforcement Cases: International Narcotics Control Strategy Report: Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs”. US Department of State. March 2008. Archived from the original on 16 August 2019. Retrieved 8 June 2009.
- ^ Office of the Coordinator for Counterterrorism (April 1996). “1995 Patterns of Global Terrorism”. Federation of American Scientists. Archived from the original on 22 January 2009. Retrieved 30 May 2009.
- ^ Pratap, Anita (22 May 1996). “Bus explosion in India kills at least 14: It’s the second bombing in two days”. New Delhi: CNN. Archived from the original on 8 November 2012. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ “CNN – Fatal bomb meant to disrupt – April 21, 1996”. cnn.com. Archived from the original on 8 November 2012. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ “KZF behind Jalandhar blasts”. The Indian Express. 19 June 2006. Archived from the original on 5 June 2009. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ “Patterns of Global Terrorism: 1997 – appendix B”. U. S. Department of State. 1997. Archived from the original on 23 November 2010. Retrieved 25 May 2009.
- ^ Nayar, Kuldip (22 February 1999). “It is fundamentalism again”. Rediff.com. Archived from the original on 5 January 2012. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ Juergensmeyer, Mark (14 October 2004). “From Bhindranwale to Bin Laden: Understanding Religious Violence” (PDF). Self. p. 30. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 July 2011. Retrieved 26 May 2009.
- ^ Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 136.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 132.
- ^ Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 137.
- ^ Downing, John D. H. (2011). Encyclopedia of Social Movement Media. Sage. p. 290. ISBN 978-0-7619-2688-7. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 25 October 2018.
- ^ Simmons, Mary Kate (1998). Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization: yearbook. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. p. 187. ISBN 978-90-411-0223-2. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 5 October 2020.
- ^ Anderson, Edward T. G. (1 January 2024). Hindu Nationalism in the Indian Diaspora: Transnational Politics and British Multiculturalism. Oxford University Press. p. 333. ISBN 978-0-19-778328-3.
- ^ Behera, Demystifying Kashmir (2007), pp. 87–88.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Haqqani, Pakistan Between the Mosque and Military (2010), pp. 270–271.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Sirrs, Pakistan’s Inter-Services Intelligence Directorate (2016), p. 167.
- ^ Haqqani, Pakistan Between the Mosque and Military (2010), p. 272.
- ^ “Canadian gets 14 years for funding terrorists”. The Globe and Mail. 13 September 2007. Archived from the original on 24 September 2021. Retrieved 5 October 2018.
- ^ Nanjappa, Vicky (10 June 2008). “200 Pak organisations raise funds for terror: IB”. Rediff.com. Archived from the original on 22 July 2021. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Markham, James M. (16 June 1984). “India Talks of C.I.A. Role in Unrest”. The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 28 November 2019. Retrieved 28 November 2019.
- ^ “CIA, ISI encouraged Sikh terrorism”. The Times of India. Press Trust of India. 26 July 2007. Archived from the original on 1 April 2020. Retrieved 28 November 2019.
- ^ “US, Pak ISI had a hand in Punjab militancy: Book”. Hindustan Times. 26 July 2007. Archived from the original on 6 February 2021. Retrieved 1 December 2019.
- ^ Nakashima, Ellen; Shih, Gerry; Amanda, Coletta (29 November 2023). “U.S. prosecutors allege assassination plot of Sikh separatist directed by Indian government employee”. The Washington Post. Retrieved 29 November 2023.
- ^ “Sikh extremism spread fast in Canada”. expressindia.com. 23 May 2007. Archived from the original on 14 October 2012. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ “Sikh extremism in Canada mushroomed very quickly”. rediff.com. 23 May 2007. Archived from the original on 28 March 2012. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ Brown, Jim (22 November 2007). “The reign of terror is still there”. Toronto Star. Archived from the original on 12 October 2012. Retrieved 2 September 2017.
- ^ Kay, Jonathan (17 November 2008). “A true Sikh martyr: Jonathan Kay on the 10th anniversary of the assassination of Tara Singh Hayer”. The National Post. Retrieved 7 June 2009.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Bolan, Kim (2006). Loss of Faith: How the Air-India Bombers Got Away With Murder (Paperback ed.). McClelland & Stewart. p. 388 (Chapters 6 and 7). ISBN 978-0-7710-1131-3.
- ^ “Testimony: Babbar Khalsa Ordered Tara Singh Hayer Slaying”. CanWest News Service. 14 December 2003. Archived from the original on 28 September 2011. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ Summers, Chris (2 June 2000). “Call for end to Sikh murder mystery”. BBC News. Archived from the original on 12 November 2013. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ Summers, Chris (17 March 2005). “Call for police to solve Sikh murder”. BBC News. Archived from the original on 7 May 2010. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ “Netfirms | This site is temporarily unavailable”. Worldsikh.ca. Archived from the original on 1 January 2012. Retrieved 27 September 2015.
- ^ Grewal, San (11 July 2007). “Sikh organization sues CBC”. Toronto Star. Archived from the original on 27 January 2020. Retrieved 27 January 2020.
- ^ “Canadian journalist hits out at Sikh extremism”. The Times of India. 1 July 2007.[dead link]
- ^ Morley, Robert. “Sikh Terrorism Enters Politics in Canada”. The Trumpet. Archived from the original on 2 June 2011. Retrieved 25 May 2009.
- ^ Thorne, Barry (6 March 2008). “India PM warns against renewed Sikh extremism”. Radio Netherlands Worldwide. Archived from the original on 10 March 2008.
- ^ Bolan, Kim (11 March 2008). “Sikh separatist threat on rise in Canada: Indian PM warns of resurgent threat in Canada”. Vancouver Sun. Archived from the original on 12 November 2013.
- ^ “Amarinder Singh meets Justin Trudeau and Canada’s ‘Khalistani sympathiser’ minister”. The Times of India. 21 February 2018. Archived from the original on 11 October 2018. Retrieved 8 June 2018.
- ^ Singh, Surjit; Sharma, Anil (21 February 2018). “Khalistan figures in Trudeau-Amarinder talks, Punjab CM hands over list of 9 Canada-based radicals”. Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 8 June 2018.
- ^ Connolly, Amanda. “Jagmeet Singh defends speaking at Sikh separatist rally in 2015”. Global News. Archived from the original on 23 May 2018. Retrieved 22 May 2018.
- ^ “Khalistan no issue either in Canada or Punjab, says Sukhbir Badal”. Hindustan Times. 23 February 2018. Archived from the original on 11 March 2018. Retrieved 11 March 2018.
- ^ Milewski, Terry (September 2020). “Khalistan: A project of Pakistan” (PDF). Macdonald-Laurier Institute. Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 December 2020. Retrieved 4 February 2021.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c Pathi, Krutika (19 September 2023). “India expels Canadian diplomat, escalating tensions after Trudeau accuses India in Sikh’s killing”. AP News. Archived from the original on 19 September 2023. Retrieved 19 September 2023.
- ^ Staff, Star (14 October 2024). “Canada and India each expel six diplomats amid murder investigation of Sikh activist in B.C.” Toronto Star. Retrieved 27 November 2024.
- ^ “Trudeau accuses India in killing of Sikh leader on Canadian soil”. The Globe and Mail. 18 September 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2024.
- ^ “Sikh separatists ‘funded from UK'”. BBC News. 4 March 2008. Archived from the original on 26 March 2012. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ Bassey, Amardeep (26 February 2008). “TRANSCRIPT OF “FILE ON 4″- ‘SIKH GROUPS'” (PDF). BBC News. p. 20. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 February 2022. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ “Foreign Terrorist Organizations”. U. S. Department of State. 8 April 2008. Archived from the original on 13 May 2009.
- ^ “Terrorism: What You Need To Know About U.S. Sanctions”. U.S. Department of Treasury. Archived from the original on 20 October 2011. Retrieved 24 May 2009.
- ^ Gilligan, Andrew (21 April 2008). “Sikh civil servant who backs ‘martyr’ is now on TfL board” (PDF). Evening Standard. London. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 June 2009.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Bolan, Kim (18 February 2008). “Sikh leader solicits support”. Vancouver Sun. Archived from the original on 3 June 2009.
- ^ “Sikh separatists ‘funded from UK'”. BBC. 4 March 2008. Archived from the original on 14 December 2021. Retrieved 24 April 2008.
- Bibliography
- Axel, Brian Keith (2001), The nation’s Tortured Body: Violence, representation, and the formation of a Sikh “Diaspora”, Duke University Press, ISBN 978-0-8223-2615-1
- Behera, Navnita Chadha (2007), Demystifying Kashmir, Pearson Education India, ISBN 978-8131708460
- Deol, Harnik (2000), Religion and Nationalism in India: The case of the Punjab, Routledge, ISBN 978-0-415-20108-7
- Fair, C. Christine (2005), “Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies: Insights from the Khalistan and Tamil Eelam Movements”, Nationalism and Ethnic Politics, 11: 125–156, doi:10.1080/13537110590927845, S2CID 145552863
- Ghosh, Srikanta (1997), Indian Democracy Derailed – Politics and Politicians, APH Publishing, ISBN 978-81-7024-866-8, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 16 August 2019
- Haqqani, Husain (2010), Pakistan: Between Mosque and Military, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, ISBN 978-0-87003-285-1
- Jodhka, Surinder S. (21 April 2001), “Looking Back at the Khalistan Movement: Some Recent Researches on Its Rise and Decline”, Economic and Political Weekly, 36 (16): 1311–1318
- Jolly, Surjit (1988), Sikh Revivalist Movements, Gitanjali Publishing House, ISBN 978-81-85060-23-1, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 24 December 2018
- Mahmood, Cynthia Keppley (1996), Fighting for Faith and Nation, Series in Contemporary Ethnography, University of Pennsylvania Press, ISBN 978-0-8122-1592-2, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 29 August 2020
- Nayar, Kuldip; Singh, Kushwant (1985), Tragedy of Punjab, Vision Books, ISBN 1-85127-069-8, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 24 December 2018
- Pettigrew, Joyce (1995), The Sikhs of the Punjab: Unheard Voices of State and Guerrilla Violence, Zed Books, ISBN 978-1-85649-355-0
- Shah, Mehtab Ali (1997), The Foreign Policy of Pakistan: Ethnic Impacts on Diplomacy 1971–1994, I.B.Tauris, ISBN 978-1-86064-169-5
- Shani, Giorgio (2005), “Beyond Khalistan? Sikh diasporic identity and critical international theory1”, Sikh Formations, 1 (1): 57–74, doi:10.1080/17448720500132565, S2CID 145300683
- Shani, Giorgio (2008), Sikh Nationalism and Identity in a Global Age, Routledge, ISBN 978-0-415-42190-4, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 24 December 2018
- Singh, Gurharpal (2000), Ethnic Conflict in India: A Case-Study of Punjab, Palgrave Macmillan UK, ISBN 978-0-333-98177-1, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 3 December 2018
- Sirrs, Owen L. (2016). Pakistan’s Inter-Services Intelligence Directorate: Covert Action and Internal Operations. Routledge. p. 167. ISBN 978-1-317-19609-9.
- Tambiah, Stanley Jeyaraja (1996), Leveling Crowds: Ethnonationalist conflicts and collective violence in South Asia, University of California Press, ISBN 978-0-520-20642-7, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 24 December 2018
- Talbot, Ian (2000), India and Pakistan: Inventing the Nation, Bloomsbury Academic, ISBN 978-0-340-70633-6, archived from the original on 7 February 2023, retrieved 3 December 2018
- Van Dyke, Virginia (2009), “The Khalistan Movement in Punjab, India, and the Post-Militancy Era: Structural Change and New Political Compulsions”, Asian Survey, 49 (6): 975–997, doi:10.1525/as.2009.49.6.975
- References
- Citations
- ^ Shah, Murtaza Ali (27 January 2022). “Khalistan flag installed on Gandhi Statue in Washington”. Geo News. Archived from the original on 31 July 2022. Retrieved 31 July 2022.
- ^ Kinnvall, Catarina (24 January 2007). “Situating Sikh and Hindu Nationalism in India”. Globalization and Religious Nationalism in India: The Search for Ontological Security. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-13-413570-7. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 14 August 2015.
- ^ Crenshaw, Martha, 1995, Terrorism in Context, Pennsylvania State University, ISBN 978-0-271-01015-1 p. 364
- ^ Canton, Naomi (10 June 2022). “Banned SFJ leader unveils ‘Khalistan map’, with Shimla as ‘capital’, before Pak press in Lahore”. The Times of India. Archived from the original on 10 February 2023. Retrieved 26 March 2023.
- ^ Mehtab Ali Shah, The Foreign Policy of Pakistan 1997, pp. 24–25.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Axel, Brian Keith (2001). The Nation’s Tortured Body: Violence, Representation, and the Formation of a Sikh “Diaspora”. Duke University Press. p. 84. ISBN 978-0-8223-2615-1. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
The call for a Sikh homeland was first made in the 1930s, addressed to the quickly dissolving empire.
- ^ Shani, Giorgio (2007). Sikh Nationalism and Identity in a Global Age. Routledge. p. 51. ISBN 978-1-134-10189-4. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
However, the term Khalistan was first coined by Dr V.S. Bhatti to denote an independent Sikh state in March 1940. Dr Bhatti made the case for a separate Sikh state in a pamphlet entitled ‘Khalistan’ in response to the Muslim League’s Lahore Resolution.
- ^ Bianchini, Stefano; Chaturvedi, Sanjay; Ivekovic, Rada; Samaddar, Ranabir (2004). Partitions: Reshaping States and Minds. Routledge. p. 121. ISBN 978-1-134-27654-7. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
Around the same time, a pamphlet of about forty pages, entitled ‘Khalistan’, and authored by medical doctor, V.S. Bhatti, also appeared.
- ^ Gupta, Shekhar; Subramanian, Nirupaman (15 December 1993). “You can’t get Khalistan through military movement: Jagat Singh Chouhan”. India Today. Archived from the original on 4 February 2021. Retrieved 29 November 2019.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d “New brand of Sikh militancy: Suave, tech-savvy pro-Khalistan youth radicalised on social media”. Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 4 March 2021. Retrieved 27 April 2018.
- ^ Jump up to:a b “India gives Trudeau list of suspected Sikh separatists in Canada”. Reuters. 22 February 2018. Archived from the original on 3 February 2021. Retrieved 22 May 2018.
The Sikh insurgency petered out in the 1990s. He told state leaders his country would not support anyone trying to reignite the movement for an independent Sikh homeland called Khalistan.
- ^ Fair, C. Christine (2005). “Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies: Insights from the Khalistan and Tamil Eelam Movements”. Nationalism and Ethnic Politics. 11: 125–156. doi:10.1080/13537110590927845. ISSN 1353-7113. S2CID 145552863.
- ^ Weisman, Steven R. “A Top Indian General is Assassinated”, Seattle Post-Intelligencer, 11 August 1986.
- ^ “The Vaidya Murder Case: Confirming Death Sentences”, India Abroad. (New York edition). New York, N.Y.: 24 July 1992. Vol.XXII, Issue. 43; pg.20.
- ^ “Punjab on edge over hanging of Beant Singh’s killer Bhai Balwant Singh Rajoana”. India Today. 28 March 2012. Archived from the original on 29 March 2012. Retrieved 28 March 2012.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f g h Van Dyke, The Khalistan Movement (2009), p. 990.
- ^ Ali, Haider (6 June 2018). “Mass protests erupt around Golden Temple complex as pro-Khalistan sikhs mark Blue Star anniversary”. Daily Pakistan. Archived from the original on 6 July 2020. Retrieved 25 June 2018.
- ^ “UK: Pakistani-origin lawmaker leads protests in London to call for Kashmir, Khalistan freedom”. Scroll. 27 January 2018. Archived from the original on 3 February 2021. Retrieved 29 June 2018.
- ^ Bhattacharyya, Anirudh (5 June 2017). “Pro-Khalistan groups plan event in Canada to mark Operation Bluestar anniversary”. Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 4 February 2021. Retrieved 6 July 2018.
- ^ Majumdar, Ushinor. “Sikh Extremists in Canada, The UK And Italy Are Working With ISI Or Independently”. Outlook India. Archived from the original on 20 July 2019. Retrieved 8 June 2018.
Q. Is it clear which “foreign hand” is driving this entire nexus? A. Evidence gathered by the police and other agencies points to the ISI as the key perpetrator of extremism in Punjab. (Amarinder Singh Indian Punjab Chief Minister)
- ^ “Simranjit Singh Mann stokes row, dedicates Sangrur win to Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale: Know about pro-Khalistan leader”, Firstpost, 27 June 2022, archived from the original on 27 June 2022, retrieved 27 June 2022
- ^ “Sangrur Bypoll Results Live: AAP loses Bhagwant Mann’s seat, SAD-A wins by 6,800 votes”, Hindustan Times, 26 June 2022, archived from the original on 26 June 2022, retrieved 26 June 2022
- ^ Wallace, Paul (1986). “The Sikhs as a “Minority” in a Sikh Majority State in India”. Asian Survey. 26 (3): 363–377. doi:10.2307/2644197. ISSN 0004-4687. JSTOR 2644197.
Over 8,000,000 of India’s 10,378,979 Sikhs were concentrated in Punjab
- ^ Jolly, Sikh Revivalist Movements (1988), p. 6.
- ^ Purewal, Navtej K. (2017). Living on the Margins: Social Access to Shelter in Urban South Asia. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-351-74899-5. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
The wrangling between various Sikh groupings were resolved by the nineteenth century when Maharajah Ranjit Singh unified the Punjab from Peshawar t the Sutluj River.
- ^ Panton, Kenneth J. (2015). Historical Dictionary of the British Empire. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 470. ISBN 978-0-8108-7524-1. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
A second conflict, just two years later, led to complete subjugation of the Sikhs and the incorporation of the remainder of their lands
- ^ Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 127.
- ^ Axel, Brian Keith (2001). The Nation’s Tortured Body: Violence, Representation, and the Formation of a Sikh “Diaspora”. Duke University Press. p. 85. ISBN 978-0-8223-2615-1. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
The Akalis viewed the Lahore Resolution and the Cripps Mission as a betrayal of the Sikhs and an attempt to usurp what, since the time of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, was historically a Sikh territory.
- ^ Tan, Tai Yong; Kudaisya, Gyanesh (2005) [First published 2000], The Aftermath of Partition in South Asia, Routledge, p. 100, ISBN 978-0-415-28908-5,
The professed intention of the Muslim League to impose a Muslim state on the Punjab (a Muslim majority province) was anathema to the Sikhs … the Sikhs launched a virulent campaign against the Lahore Resolution … Sikh leaders of all political persuasions made it clear that Pakistan would be ‘wholeheartedly resisted’.
- ^ Axel, Brian Keith (2001). The Nation’s Tortured Body: Violence, Representation, and the Formation of a Sikh “Diaspora”. Duke University Press. p. 84. ISBN 978-0-8223-2615-1. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
Against the nationalist ideology of a united India, which called for all groups to set aside “communal” differences, the Shiromani Akali Dal Party of the 1930s rallied around the proposition of a Sikh panth (community) that was separate from Hindus and Muslims.
- ^ Shani, Giorgio (2007). Sikh Nationalism and Identity in a Global Age. Routledge. p. 52. ISBN 978-1-134-10189-4. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
Khalistan was imagined as a theocratic state, a mirror-image of ‘Muslim’ Pakistan, led by the Maharaja of Patiala with the aid of a cabinet consisting of representing federating units.
- ^ Shah, Mehtab Ali (1997), The Foreign Policy of Pakistan: Ethnic Impacts on Diplomacy 1971–1994, I.B.Tauris, ISBN 978-1-86064-169-5, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 5 October 2020
- ^ Hill, K.; Seltzer, W.; Leaning, J.; Malik, S.J.; Russell, S. S.; Makinson, C. (2003), A Demographic Case Study of Forced Migration: The 1947 Partition of India, Harvard University Asia Center, archived from the original on 6 December 2008
- ^ McLeod, W. H. (1989), The Sikhs: History, Religion, and Society, Columbia University Press, ISBN 978-0-231-06815-4
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 129.
- ^ “Gurudwaras Outside of Punjab State”. Gateway To Sikhism. 30 November 1999. Archived from the original on 2 March 2021. Retrieved 17 October 2020.
- ^ Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 130.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d e Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 128.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 134.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f g h Jetly, Rajshree. 2006. “The Khalistan Movement in India: The Interplay of Politics and State Power.” International Review of Modern Sociology 34(1):61–62. JSTOR 41421658.
- ^ “Hindu-Sikh relations – I”. The Tribune. Chandigarh, India: Tribuneindia.com. 3 November 2003. Archived from the original on 5 June 2011.
- ^ Chawla, Muhammad Iqbal. 2017. The Khalistan Movement of 1984: A Critical Appreciation.
- ^ “The Punjab Reorganisation Act, 1966” (PDF). Government of India. 18 September 1966. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 January 2012.
- ^ Stanley Wolpert (2005). India. University of California Press. p. 216. ISBN 9780520246966. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 11 March 2023.
- ^ Mitra, Subrata K. (2007), The Puzzle of India’s Governance: Culture, Context and Comparative Theory, Advances in South Asian Studies: Routledge, p. 94, ISBN 978-1-134-27493-2, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 6 March 2018
- ^ Singh, Khushwant (2004), “The Anandpur Sahib Resolution and Other Akali Demands”, A History of the Sikhs: Volume 2: 1839–2004, Oxford University Press, doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195673098.001.0001, ISBN 978-0-19-567309-8
- ^ Ray, Jayanta Kumar (2007), Aspects of India’s International Relations, 1700 to 2000: South Asia and the World, Pearson Education India, p. 484, ISBN 978-81-317-0834-7, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 16 August 2019
- ^ Jump up to:a b c Akshayakumar Ramanlal Desai (1991). Expanding Governmental Lawlessness and Organized Struggles. Popular Prakashan. pp. 64–66. ISBN 978-81-7154-529-2.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 135.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d Pandya, Haresh (11 April 2007). “Jagjit Singh Chauhan, Sikh Militant Leader in India, Dies at 80”. The New York Times. Archived from the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 17 February 2017.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Axel, The Nation’s Tortured Body (2011), pp. 101–
- ^ Jump up to:a b Gupta, Shekhar; Subramanian, Nirupaman (15 December 1993). “You can’t get Khalistan through military movement: Jagat Singh Chouhan”. India Today. Archived from the original on 4 February 2021. Retrieved 29 November 2019.
- ^ Thomas, Jo (14 June 1984). “London Sikh Assumes Role of Exile Chief”. The New York Times. Archived from the original on 24 October 2018. Retrieved 24 October 2018.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c Dulat, A. S. (13 December 2020). “Genesis of tumultuous period in Punjab”. The Tribune. Chandigarh, India. Archived from the original on 24 June 2021. Retrieved 13 June 2021.
Bhindranwale never raised the demand for Khalistan or went beyond the Akali Anandpur Sahib Resolution, while he himself was prepared for negotiations to the very end.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Stevens, William K. (19 June 1984). “Punjab Raid: Unanswered Questions”. The News York Times. Archived from the original on 24 June 2021. Retrieved 12 June 2021.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d e Chima, Jugdep S (2008), The Sikh Separatist Insurgency in India: Political Leadership and Ethnonationalist Movements, India: Sage Publications, pp. 71–75, ISBN 978-81-321-0538-1, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 5 October 2020
- ^ Sharma, Sanjay (5 June 2011). “Bhajan Lal lived with ‘anti-Sikh, anti-Punjab’ image”. The Times of India. Archived from the original on 10 June 2011.
- ^ Stepan, Alfred; Linz, Juan J.; Yadav, Yogendra (2011), Crafting State-Nations: India and Other Multinational Democracies (Illustrated ed.), JHU Press, p. 97, ISBN 978-0-8018-9723-8, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 5 October 2020
- ^ Ghosh, Srikanta. 1997. Indian Democracy Derailed – Politics and Politicians. APH Publishing. ISBN 978-81-7024-866-8. p. 95.
- ^ Sisson, Mary. 2011. “Sikh Terrorism.” pp. 544–545 in The Sage Encyclopedia of Terrorism (2nd ed.), edited by G. Martin. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. ISBN 978-1-4129-8016-6. doi:10.4135/9781412980173.n368.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Sharma, Mool Chand, and A.K. Sharma, eds. 2004. “Discrimination Based on Religion Archived 24 October 2020 at the Wayback Machine.” pp. 108–110 in Discrimination Based on Sex, Caste, Religion, and Disability. New Delhi: National Council for Teacher Education. Archived from the original on 2 June 2010. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
- ^ Swami, Praveen (16 January 2014). “RAW chief consulted MI6 in build-up to Operation Bluestar”. The Hindu. Chennai, India. Archived from the original on 18 January 2014. Retrieved 9 August 2018.
- ^ Singh, Khushwant. 2004. A History of the Sikhs, Volume II: 1839–2004. New Delhi: Oxford University Press. p. 337.
- ^ Subramanian, L. N. (12 October 2006). “Operation Bluestar, 05 June 1984”. Bharat Rakshak Monitor. 3 (2). Archived from the original on 30 June 2020. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
- ^ Jump up to:a b “Sikh Leader in Punjab Accord Assassinated”. Los Angeles Times. Times Wire Services. 21 August 1985. Archived from the original on 29 January 2016. Retrieved 9 August 2018.
- ^ Tully, Mark; Jacob, Satish (1985). Amritsar: Mrs Gandhi’s Last Battle (5 ed.). J. Cape. p. 147. ISBN 978-0-22-402328-3. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ Wolpert, Stanley A., ed. (2009). “India”. Encyclopædia Britannica.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Gates, Scott; Roy, Kaushik (4 February 2014). “Insurgency and Counter-Insurgency in Punjab”. Unconventional Warfare in South Asia: Shadow Warriors and Counterinsurgency. Ashgate Publishing. p. 167. ISBN 978-1-40-943706-2. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ Diwanji, Amberish K. (4 June 2004). “There is a limit to how much a country can take”. The Rediff Interview/Lieutenant General Kuldip Singh Brar (retired). Rediff.com. Archived from the original on 3 December 2019. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ Walia, Varinder (20 March 2007). “Army reveals startling facts on Bluestar, says Longowal surrendered”. The Tribune. Amristar. Archived from the original on 4 August 2020. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ Jugdep S Chima (2008). The Sikh Separatist Insurgency in India: Political Leadership and Ethnonationalist Movements. Sage Publishing India. pp. 114–. ISBN 978-9351509530. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 13 March 2023.
- ^ White Paper on the Punjab Agitation. New Delhi: Government of India Press. 1984. p. 40. OL 1839009M. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ Karim, Afsir (1991). Counter Terrorism, the Pakistan Factor. Lancer Publishers. pp. 33–36. ISBN 978-8170621270. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 13 March 2023.
- ^ “Pakistan would have recognised Khalistan”. Rediff.com. 3 June 2004. Archived from the original on 29 January 2009. Retrieved 20 June 2006.
- ^ Andrew, Christopher M.; Mitrokhin, Vasili (2005). The Mitrokhin Archive II: The KGB and the World. Allen Lane. p. 336. ISBN 978-0-7139-9359-2. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 30 September 2022.
- ^ Andrew, Christopher (2008). The World Was Going Our Way: The KGB and the Battle for the Third World. DIANE Publishing Company. ISBN 978-1-4223-9312-3. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 30 September 2022.
- ^ Subramanian Swamy (1992). Building a New India: An Agenda for National Renaissance. UBS Publishers’ Distributors. p. 18. ISBN 978-81-85674-21-6. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 6 September 2022.
The 1984 Operation Bluestar became necessary because of the vast disinformation against Sant Bhindranwale by the KGB, and repeated inside Parliament by the Congress Party of India.
- ^ Guidry, John A., Michael D. Kennedy, and Mayer N. Zald, eds. 2000. Globalizations and Social Movements: Culture, Power, and the Transnational Public Sphere. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 978-0-472-06721-3. p. 319.
- ^ Nanavati, G. T. 9 February 2005. “Report of the Justice Nanavati Commission of Inquiry (1984 Anti-Sikh Riots) Archived 3 February 2021 at the Wayback Machine” 1. New Delhi: Ministry of Home Affairs. Archived from the original 27 November 2014. Retrieved 18 May 2020. Also available via People’s Archive of Rural India Archived 7 May 2020 at the Wayback Machine.
- ^ Jump up to:a b “What about the big fish?”. Tehelka. Anant Media. 25 August 2005. Archived from the original on 13 September 2012.
- ^ Singh, Swadesh Bahadur. 31 May 1996. “Cabinet berth for a Sikh.” Indian Express.
- ^ Kumar, Ram Narayan, et al. 2003. Reduced to Ashes: The Insurgency and Human Rights in Punjab. South Asia Forum for Human Rights. p. 43. Available via Committee for Information and Initiative on Punjab.
- ^ In Depth: Air India Archived 18 March 2005 at the Wayback Machine – The Victims, CBC News Online, 16 March 2005
- ^ “Free. Fair. Fearless”. Tehelka. Archived from the original on 12 September 2012.
- ^ “Jagmeet Singh now rejects glorification of Air India bombing mastermind”. CBC News. 15 March 2018. Archived from the original on 2 October 2020. Retrieved 4 August 2020.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c Gilligan, Andrew (21 April 2008). “Ken’s adviser is linked to terror group”. London Evening Standard. Archived from the original on 12 June 2009. Retrieved 26 May 2009.
- ^ Bolan, Kim (9 February 2008). “Air India bombmaker sent to holding centre”. Ottawa Citizen. Archived from the original on 9 November 2012. Retrieved 31 May 2009.
- ^ “Convicted Air India bomb-builder Inderjit Singh Reyat gets bail”. CBC News. 9 July 2008. Archived from the original on 10 July 2008. Retrieved 10 June 2009.
- ^ “Sikh Temple Sit-In Is a Challenge for Punjab.” The New York Times. 2 February 1986.
- ^ Singh, I. (10 July 2012). “Sarbat Khalsa and Gurmata”. SikhNet. Archived from the original on 12 June 2013. Retrieved 15 March 2013.
- ^ “Sant Nirankari Mission”. nirankari.org. Archived from the original on 13 January 2023. Retrieved 13 January 2023.
- ^ “Gunmen Slaughter 32 on Bus in India in Bloodiest Attack of Sikh Campaign”. The Philadelphia Inquirer, 7 July 1987. Page A03.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d Gargan, Edward (10 October 1991). “Envoy of Romania Abducted in India”. The New York Times. Archived from the original on 23 October 2018. Retrieved 17 February 2017.
- ^ Gurharpal Singh, Ethnic Conflict in India (2000), Chapters 8 & 9.
- ^ Gurharpal Singh, Ethnic Conflict in India (2000), Chapter 10.
- ^ “Amnesty International report on Punjab”. Amnesty International. 20 January 2003. Archived from the original on 3 December 2006.
- ^ “The Tribune, Chandigarh, India – Punjab”. Tribuneindia.com. Archived from the original on 5 June 2011. Retrieved 27 September 2015.
- ^ “SAD (A) to contest the coming SGPC elections on Khalistan issue: Mann”. PunjabNewsline.com. 14 January 2010. Archived from the original on 15 July 2011.
- ^ “Balwinder Singh Sandu”. Gallantry Awards. Archived from the original on 31 October 2020. Retrieved 29 October 2020.
- ^ “Gunmen Wound India Ambassador”. Los Angeles Times. 21 August 1991. Archived from the original on 10 October 2012. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ “World Notes India”. Time. 21 October 1991. Archived from the original on 30 September 2007. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ “Secret Injustice: The Harpal Singh Case | Part 1: Flashback”. The Sikh Sentinel. 17 September 2003. Archived from the original on 8 March 2012.
- ^ Talbot, India and Pakistan (2000), p. 272.
- ^ Simmons, Mary Kate (1998). Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization: yearbook. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. p. 187. ISBN 978-90-411-0223-2. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 3 August 2018.
- ^ “Issue Paper INDIA: Sikhs in Punjab 1994–95”. Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada. February 1996. Retrieved 31 May 2009.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d “U.S. Court Convicts Khalid Awan for Supporting Khalistan Commando Force”. The United States Attorney’s Office. 20 December 2006. Archived from the original on 15 January 2012. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ Mahmood, Cynthia. 5 May 1997. “Fax to Ted Albers.” Orono, Maine: Resource Information Center.
- ^ Documentation, Information and Research Branch. 17 February 1997. “India: Information from four specialists on the Punjab, Response to Information Request #IND26376.EX.” Ottawa: Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada.
- ^ “Protecting the Killers: A Policy of Impunity in Punjab, India: I. Summary”. Human Rights Watch. 9 October 2006. Archived from the original on 12 October 2008. Retrieved 11 January 2010.
- ^ Special Broadcasting Service:: Dateline – presented by George Negus Archived 28 August 2008 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ “The Hindu: Opinion / News Analysis: Is justice possible without looking for the truth?”. The Hindu. 9 September 2005. Archived from the original on 22 May 2008.
- ^ “India: A vital opportunity to end impunity in Punjab”. Amnesty International USA. Archived from the original on 25 June 2009.
- ^ “ASW”. Human Rights Watch. 1992. Archived from the original on 12 October 2012. Retrieved 11 January 2010.
- ^ “India: Time to Deliver Justice for Atrocities in Punjab”. Human Rights Watch. 18 October 2007. Archived from the original on 13 January 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ “Document – India: Break the cycle of impunity and torture in Punjab | Amnesty International”. Amnesty International. 2003. Archived from the original on 12 June 2011. Retrieved 11 January 2010.
- ^ Sehgal, Manjeet (23 September 2019). “Punjab: Four Khalistan Zindabad Force terrorists arrested in Taran Taran”. India Today. Archived from the original on 15 December 2019. Retrieved 27 December 2019.
- ^ Service, Tribune News. “NIA demands custody of 4 in Tarn Taran blast case”. Tribuneindia News Service. Archived from the original on 27 December 2019. Retrieved 27 December 2019.
- ^ Punj, Balbair (16 June 2005). “The Ghost of Khalistan”. The Sikh Times. Archived from the original on 4 December 2018. Retrieved 23 January 2007.
- ^ “Terror attacks in Punjab being planned by pro-Khalistan outfits with Pak’s support: Intelligence sources”. DNA India. 26 December 2019. Archived from the original on 27 December 2019. Retrieved 27 December 2019.
- ^ Nanjappa, Vicky (26 December 2019). “High alert declared after IB picks up intercepts on possible terror attack in Punjab”. Oneindia. Archived from the original on 27 December 2019. Retrieved 27 December 2019.
- ^ “Official Resolutions From Sarbat Khalsa 2015”. Sikh24.com. 11 November 2015. Archived from the original on 12 November 2015. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
- ^ “Khalistan slogans raised as Mann comes to meet Khalsa”. The Indian Express. 25 July 2015. Archived from the original on 27 August 2015. Retrieved 14 August 2015.
- ^ “Probable Resurgence of the Khalistan Movement: Role of the Sikh Diaspora – Science, Technology and Security forum”. stsfor.org. Archived from the original on 16 October 2015. Retrieved 2 April 2023.
- ^ “Responses to Information Requests”. irb-cisr.gc.ca. 5 June 2018. Archived from the original on 14 August 2019. Retrieved 14 August 2019.
- ^ “Pro-Khalistan slogans raised on Bluestar anniversary in Punjab”. Deccan Herald. 6 June 2015. Archived from the original on 25 July 2015. Retrieved 14 August 2015.
- ^ “Pro-Khalistan slogans raised during Punjab CM Parkash Singh Badal’s function”. The Indian Express. 26 July 2015. Archived from the original on 29 August 2015. Retrieved 14 August 2015.
- ^ Kumar, Ram Narayan (1997), The Sikh unrest and the Indian state: politics, personalities, and historical retrospective, Ajanta, ISBN 978-81-202-0453-9 quoted in Rediff On the Net Archived 15 August 2018 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Pettigrew, The Sikhs of the Punjab (1995), pp. 188–197.
- ^ Van Dyke, The Khalistan Movement (2009), p. 992.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Van Dyke, The Khalistan Movement (2009), p. 991.
- ^ Jump up to:a b “No chance of another Khalistan movement in Punjab: Defence experts”. Hindustan Times. ANI. 19 March 2016. Archived from the original on 6 May 2018. Retrieved 5 May 2018.
- ^ Dhillon, Simrat (December 2007). “The Sikh Diaspora and the Quest for Khalistan: A Search for Statehood or for Self-preservation?” (PDF). Institute of Peace and Conflict Studies. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 August 2019. Retrieved 26 May 2009.
- ^ Anand, Nisha. “Australian police releases pics of 6 men involved in Khalistan referendum brawl”. Hindustan Times.
- ^ “Brawl breaks out over Khalistan referendum in Australia; India raises concerns with authorities”. The Indian Express. 30 January 2023. Retrieved 13 October 2024.
- ^ “‘Appalled’: Australian envoy on attack by Khalistan elements on pro-India groups”. Hindustan Times.
- ^ “Police investigating attack on Brampton radio host after remarks on Punjabi actor”. The Globe and Mail. 24 February 2022. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
He told police he was approached near his Brampton studio Wednesday afternoon by three men who were shouting support for Mr. Sidhu, who was also a Sikh activist. “One of them pulled a gun on me, and the other hit me on the head with a beer bottle,” he told The Globe and Mail.
- ^ “‘Bhindranwale 2.0’: Radical Khalistan Sympathiser Amritpal Singh Active in Punjab”. NDTV News. Archived from the original on 24 February 2023. Retrieved 24 February 2023.
Often escorted by armed supporters and donning a flowing white ‘chola’ and a navy-blue turban, radical preacher and Khalistan sympathiser Amritpal Singh has been very active for some time in Punjab.
- ^ Sethi, Chitleen K. (23 February 2023). “Radical activist Amritpal storms Ajnala police station with supporters, secures aide’s release”. ThePrint. Archived from the original on 24 February 2023. Retrieved 24 February 2023.
- ^ “Radical preacher Amritpal Singh issue: Habeas corpus petition moved in HC seeking his ‘release'”. The Financial Express. Archived from the original on 19 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
- ^ [137][138][139]
- ^ “Deep Sidhu disliked Amritpal Singh, blocked his phone”. Tribune India. Archived from the original on 10 February 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ Matharu, Sonal (25 October 2022). “Fiery orator, ‘Bhindranwale 2.0’ – who’s Amritpal Singh, new ‘head’ of Deep Sidhu’s Waris Punjab De”. ThePrint. Archived from the original on 16 November 2022. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “The rise and fall of Amritpal Singh”. Tribune India. Archived from the original on 20 March 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “Unaware how Amritpal Singh declared himself head of ‘Waris Punjab De’, says Deep Sidhu’s kin”. Financialexpress. 24 February 2023. Archived from the original on 19 March 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “Amritpal Singh: Amrit Sanchar to focus on ‘de-addiction’ of youth”. Tribune India. Archived from the original on 16 November 2022. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “‘Khalistan shouldn’t be seen as…’: Amritpal Singh as Toofan to be freed today”. Hindustan Times. 24 February 2023. Archived from the original on 24 February 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “Amritpal Singh | A radical preacher”. The Hindu. 25 February 2023. ISSN 0971-751X. Archived from the original on 31 March 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ Mogul, Rhea (22 March 2023). “Khalistan: The outlawed Sikh separatist movement that has Indian authorities on edge”. CNN. Archived from the original on 23 March 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “‘Waris Punjab De’ chief Amritpal Singh arrested from Punjab’s Moga under NSA; shifted to Assam’s Dibrugarh jail”. The Hindu. 23 April 2023. ISSN 0971-751X. Archived from the original on 23 April 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “Watch: Sikhs attack Indian consulate in San Francisco, raise Khalistani flag to protest against crackdown on Amritpal Singh”. Free Press Journal. 20 March 2023. Archived from the original on 21 March 2023. Retrieved 21 March 2023.
- ^ Simon Little; Julie Nolin. “Journalist allegedly assaulted as Punjab tensions spill over into B.C.” Global News. Archived from the original on 21 March 2023. Retrieved 21 March 2023.
- ^ “Indian High Commission: Diplomat summoned after London protest”. BBC News. 20 March 2023. Archived from the original on 25 June 2023. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
- ^ “Amritpal Singh’s brother-in-law key accused in attack on Indian high commission in Canada”. Hindustan Times. 24 June 2023. Archived from the original on 5 July 2023. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
- ^ “Pro-Khalistan protesters tried to set on fire India’s consulate in San Francisco”. The Tribune India. Archived from the original on 25 June 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “Senior Indian journalist attacked by pro-Khalistanis outside Indian Embassy in Washington”. Deccan Herald. 26 March 2023. Archived from the original on 25 June 2023. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
- ^ “Journalist allegedly assaulted as Punjab tensions spill over into B.C.” Global News. Archived from the original on 21 March 2023. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
- ^ “Journalist allegedly assaulted as Punjab tensions spill over into B.C.” Global News. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
- ^ “‘Mr Taranjit Singh Sandhu…’: Khalistan supporter threatens Indian envoy to US | Watch”. Hindustan Times. 26 March 2023. Archived from the original on 27 June 2023. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
- ^ Anirudh Bhattacharyya (27 April 2018). “Canadian police frees Khalistani ‘separatist’ Hardeep Nijjar after 24 hours in custody”. Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 21 September 2023. Retrieved 19 September 2023.
- ^ “2nd attack since March: Indian consulate set on fire in San Francisco; US condemns violence”. The Times of India. 4 July 2023. ISSN 0971-8257. Archived from the original on 4 July 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ Jump up to:a b “US condemns vandalism, attempted arson against Indian Consulate in San Francisco”. Tribune India. Archived from the original on 4 July 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “US condemns vandalism at Indian consulate in San Francisco”. Reuters. 4 July 2023. Archived from the original on 4 July 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “‘Heated’ demonstration at Indian consulate in Toronto sees one arrested”. The Globe and Mail. 9 July 2023. Archived from the original on 14 July 2023. Retrieved 14 July 2023.
Some online posters ahead of the event said “Kill India” and suggested, without evidence, that Indian diplomats played a role in Mr. Nijjar’s death.
- ^ “A year after Hardeep Singh Nijjar’s death, mysteries remain about how he really lived”. The Globe and Mail. 22 June 2024. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
- ^ “Pro-Khalistani Group in Toronto Glorifies Beant Singh’s Killer, Indian Authorities to Raise Issue With Canada | EXCLUSIVE”. News18. 2 September 2024. Retrieved 13 October 2024.
- ^ “Canada: Pro-Khalistan rallies feature floats celebrating 1995 Beant Singh bombing”. Business Today. 1 September 2024. Retrieved 13 October 2024.
- ^ “‘I will not be silenced’: Calgary radio host attack caught on CCTV”. Global News. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
- ^ “Calgary radio host speaks out after being attacked outside banquet hall”. Global News. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
- ^ “Indo-Canadian mediaperson, attacked by two persons, blames ‘pro-Khalistan’ elements”. Hindustan Times.
- ^ “Calgary police investigating weekend assault of radio host”. CTV News Calgary. 1 October 2024. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
- ^ “Radio journalist says he was assaulted in attack over news coverage”. Calgary Herald.
City police are seeking two suspects in an assault on a well-known radio journalist in Calgary’s northeast that apparently targeted his reporting on crime issues within the Sikh community.
- ^ “Calgary police probe assault of RED FM news director”. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation.
Staff Sgt. John Guigon said Nagar was struck in the head but was not seriously hurt, and that the incident was captured on video. “It was not a pleasant situation,” he said.”[It is] particularly troubling to us when a member of the media gets attacked in a democracy…. We’re throwing resources at it.”
- ^ [167][168][169][170][171][172]
- ^ Sharma, Abhinav (3 October 2024). “Canadian radio journalist Rishi Nagar attacked by Khalistani groups in Canada”. Diya TV. Retrieved 4 October 2024.
A group of men supportive of the Khalistan separatist movement violently assaulted Canada-based RED FM News Director Rishi Nagar allegedly for refusing to align with their agenda.
- ^ Moharib, Nadia (30 September 2024). “Man threatened outside NE temple, two arrested: Calgary police”. CityNews Calgary. Retrieved 11 October 2024.
- ^ Bradley, Jonathan (1 October 2024). “RED FM Calgary host says attack will not stop his journalism”. Western Standard. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
- ^ Bradley, Jonathan (2 October 2024). “UPDATED: Poilievre, Smith say they are disturbed by attack on RED FM Calgary host”. Western Standard. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
- ^ “Journalists reporting against Khalistan groups under attack in Canada, says Indian-origin MP”. The Tribune. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
- ^ O’Brien, Raju Mudhar, Abby (9 November 2024). “‘This is not a Hindu and Sikh battle’: The complex history behind protests that erupted at Brampton temples this week over Indian consular visits”. Toronto Star. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
In another video, individuals holding pro-Khalistan flagpoles can be seen running onto the property, striking those inside the perimeter with them. A chaotic scene ensues.
- ^ Aguilar, Bryann (3 November 2024). “Police increase their presence at Hindu temple in Brampton after protest”. CP24. Retrieved 3 November 2024.
- ^ ICI.Radio-Canada.ca, Zone Justice et faits divers- (4 November 2024). “3 arrested and charged after protest at Brampton Hindu temple, police say”. Radio-Canada.ca (in Canadian French). Retrieved 4 November 2024.
- ^ O’Brien, Raju Mudhar, Abby (9 November 2024). “‘This is not a Hindu and Sikh battle’: The complex history behind protests that erupted at Brampton temples this week over Indian consular visits”. Toronto Star. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
The clash saw three people arrested and an off-duty police officer who participated in the protest, Sergeant Harinder Sohi, suspended.
- ^ “Peel cop suspended after participating in protest outside Hindu temple”. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation.
- ^ “Who Is The Suspended Cop Harinder Sohi And What Happened At The Pro-Khalistan Protest?”. TheDailyGuardian. Retrieved 4 November 2024.
- ^ O’Brien, Raju Mudhar, Abby (9 November 2024). “‘This is not a Hindu and Sikh battle’: The complex history behind protests that erupted at Brampton temples this week over Indian consular visits”. Toronto Star. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
The video then appears to show one of the officers breaking away from his colleagues, running onto temple property, and repeatedly striking an individual. When reached for comment, Peel police said it was aware of the video and was looking into it.
- ^ “Video: Canadian cop punches Hindu man protesting against pro-Khalistan mob attack”. India Today. 4 November 2024. Retrieved 4 November 2024.
- ^ “Fears of more clashes between Sikhs and Hindus in Brampton, Ont., as Canada-India rift spills over into suburbs”. The Globe and Mail. 8 November 2024. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
The Khalistani protesters claimed the event at the Hindu temple Sunday – where Indian consular staff were helping Indian immigrants apply for government pensions – was part of surveillance efforts to keep tabs on pro-Khalistan Sikhs.
- ^ O’Brien, Raju Mudhar, Abby (9 November 2024). “‘This is not a Hindu and Sikh battle’: The complex history behind protests that erupted at Brampton temples this week over Indian consular visits”. Toronto Star. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
It was the presence of Indian Consular officials, who have been visiting communities to help older people in the diaspora who may be entitled to pensions, that prompted SFJ to plan Sunday’s demonstration.
- ^ “Violent clashes erupt outside consular camp at Hindu temple in Canada’s Brampton”. The Hindu. 4 November 2024. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
Most beneficiaries of the consular service organised by the Indian High Commission in Brampton were Sikh members of the Indian diaspora.
- ^ “Fears of more clashes between Sikhs and Hindus in Brampton, Ont., as Canada-India rift spills over into suburbs”. The Globe and Mail. 8 November 2024. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
- ^ O’Brien, Raju Mudhar, Abby (9 November 2024). “‘This is not a Hindu and Sikh battle’: The complex history behind protests that erupted at Brampton temples this week over Indian consular visits”. Toronto Star. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
- ^ Lavoie, Joanna (9 November 2024). “Another person charged following violent demonstrations in Peel Region”. CP24. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
- ^ “Clashes erupted outside a Hindu temple near Toronto. They’re the latest sign of Canada and India’s spiraling relations”. CNN.
- ^ Jump up to:a b “Not one of its leaders elected since 1999, SAD (Amritsar) still contests polls demanding Khalistan”. The Indian Express. 22 January 2022. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
Headed by former MP Simranjit Singh Mann, a retired IPS officer, SAD (Amritsar) is the only party which still contests the elections in Punjab with demand for a separate Khalistan.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Takkar, Jatin (4 June 2024). “Pro-Khalistan separatists Amritpal and Sarabjeet lead over rivals”. The Economic Times. ISSN 0013-0389. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
- ^ Sethi, Chitleen K. (5 June 2024). “Amritpal, Sarabjeet Singh Khalsa — Sikh radicals’ poll victories pose challenge for Mann govt”. ThePrint. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
Amritpal Singh won from Khadoor Sahib by biggest margin this election in Punjab & Beant Singh’s son Khalsa won in Faridkot. But, Simranjit Singh Mann lost his Sangrur seat.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c “General Election to Parliamentary Constituencies: Trends & Results June-2024”. Election Commission of India.
- ^ “Father didn’t care and laid down his life, Sikh community pulled family through troubled times: Sarabjit Singh Khalsa”. The Economic Times. 6 June 2024. ISSN 0013-0389. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
Six-year-old Sarabjit when his father Beant Singh, a Delhi police SI who was part of the PM’s security detail, along with another of her bodyguards, Satwant Singh, assassinated Indira Gandhi in October 1984.
- ^ Pettigrew, The Sikhs of the Punjab (1995), p. 24.
- ^ Aggarwal, J. C.; Agrawal, S. P. (1992), Modern History of Punjab, Concept Publishing Company, p. 117, ISBN 978-81-7022-431-0
- ^ Jump up to:a b Puri, Harish K., Paramjit Singh Judge, and Jagrup Singh Sekhon. 1999. Terrorism in Punjab: Understanding Grassroots Reality. New Delhi: Har-Anand Publications. pp. 68–71.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 133.
- ^ Jump up to:a b “Council Common Position 2005/427/CFSP of 6 June 2005 updating Common Position 2001/931/CFSP on the application of specific measures to combat terrorism and repealing Common Position 2005/220/CFSP” (PDF). European Union. 6 June 2005. p. 5. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 June 2013. Retrieved 31 May 2009.
- ^ “Currently listed entities (terrorist organizations-ed)”. Public Safety Canada. Archived from the original on 26 June 2009. Retrieved 31 May 2009.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f Milewski, Terry (28 June 2007). “Sikh politics in Canada. Symbols and suits. Sikh extremism enters mainstream Canadian politics”. CBC. Archived from the original on 1 June 2009. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ Jump up to:a b “Proscribed terrorist groups”. UK Office for Security and Counter Terrorism. Archived from the original on 15 June 2009. Retrieved 24 May 2009.
- ^ “Terrorist Exclusion List”. U. S. Bureau of Counterterrorism and Countering Violent Extremism. 29 December 2004. Archived from the original on 13 May 2009. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ “Appendix F: Countering Terrorism on the Economic Front” (PDF). US Department of State. p. 2. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 November 2020. Retrieved 31 May 2009.
- ^ Mahmood (1996), p. 328
- ^ Martha Crenshaw, ed. (1995), Terrorism in Context, Pennsylvania State University Press, p. 656, ISBN 978-0-271-01015-1, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 29 August 2020
- ^ Atkins, Stephen E. (2004), Encyclopedia of modern worldwide extremists and extremist groups (illustrated ed.), Greenwood Publishing Group, p. 404, ISBN 978-0-313-32485-7, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 26 June 2009
- ^ “Foreign Terrorist Organizations”. U. S. Department of State. 8 April 2008. Archived from the original on 13 May 2009.
- ^ “Law Enforcement Cases: International Narcotics Control Strategy Report: Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs”. US Department of State. March 2008. Archived from the original on 16 August 2019. Retrieved 8 June 2009.
- ^ Office of the Coordinator for Counterterrorism (April 1996). “1995 Patterns of Global Terrorism”. Federation of American Scientists. Archived from the original on 22 January 2009. Retrieved 30 May 2009.
- ^ Pratap, Anita (22 May 1996). “Bus explosion in India kills at least 14: It’s the second bombing in two days”. New Delhi: CNN. Archived from the original on 8 November 2012. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ “CNN – Fatal bomb meant to disrupt – April 21, 1996”. cnn.com. Archived from the original on 8 November 2012. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ “KZF behind Jalandhar blasts”. The Indian Express. 19 June 2006. Archived from the original on 5 June 2009. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ “Patterns of Global Terrorism: 1997 – appendix B”. U. S. Department of State. 1997. Archived from the original on 23 November 2010. Retrieved 25 May 2009.
- ^ Nayar, Kuldip (22 February 1999). “It is fundamentalism again”. Rediff.com. Archived from the original on 5 January 2012. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ Juergensmeyer, Mark (14 October 2004). “From Bhindranwale to Bin Laden: Understanding Religious Violence” (PDF). Self. p. 30. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 July 2011. Retrieved 26 May 2009.
- ^ Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 136.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 132.
- ^ Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 137.
- ^ Downing, John D. H. (2011). Encyclopedia of Social Movement Media. Sage. p. 290. ISBN 978-0-7619-2688-7. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 25 October 2018.
- ^ Simmons, Mary Kate (1998). Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization: yearbook. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. p. 187. ISBN 978-90-411-0223-2. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 5 October 2020.
- ^ Anderson, Edward T. G. (1 January 2024). Hindu Nationalism in the Indian Diaspora: Transnational Politics and British Multiculturalism. Oxford University Press. p. 333. ISBN 978-0-19-778328-3.
- ^ Behera, Demystifying Kashmir (2007), pp. 87–88.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Haqqani, Pakistan Between the Mosque and Military (2010), pp. 270–271.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Sirrs, Pakistan’s Inter-Services Intelligence Directorate (2016), p. 167.
- ^ Haqqani, Pakistan Between the Mosque and Military (2010), p. 272.
- ^ “Canadian gets 14 years for funding terrorists”. The Globe and Mail. 13 September 2007. Archived from the original on 24 September 2021. Retrieved 5 October 2018.
- ^ Nanjappa, Vicky (10 June 2008). “200 Pak organisations raise funds for terror: IB”. Rediff.com. Archived from the original on 22 July 2021. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Markham, James M. (16 June 1984). “India Talks of C.I.A. Role in Unrest”. The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 28 November 2019. Retrieved 28 November 2019.
- ^ “CIA, ISI encouraged Sikh terrorism”. The Times of India. Press Trust of India. 26 July 2007. Archived from the original on 1 April 2020. Retrieved 28 November 2019.
- ^ “US, Pak ISI had a hand in Punjab militancy: Book”. Hindustan Times. 26 July 2007. Archived from the original on 6 February 2021. Retrieved 1 December 2019.
- ^ Nakashima, Ellen; Shih, Gerry; Amanda, Coletta (29 November 2023). “U.S. prosecutors allege assassination plot of Sikh separatist directed by Indian government employee”. The Washington Post. Retrieved 29 November 2023.
- ^ “Sikh extremism spread fast in Canada”. expressindia.com. 23 May 2007. Archived from the original on 14 October 2012. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ “Sikh extremism in Canada mushroomed very quickly”. rediff.com. 23 May 2007. Archived from the original on 28 March 2012. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ Brown, Jim (22 November 2007). “The reign of terror is still there”. Toronto Star. Archived from the original on 12 October 2012. Retrieved 2 September 2017.
- ^ Kay, Jonathan (17 November 2008). “A true Sikh martyr: Jonathan Kay on the 10th anniversary of the assassination of Tara Singh Hayer”. The National Post. Retrieved 7 June 2009.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Bolan, Kim (2006). Loss of Faith: How the Air-India Bombers Got Away With Murder (Paperback ed.). McClelland & Stewart. p. 388 (Chapters 6 and 7). ISBN 978-0-7710-1131-3.
- ^ “Testimony: Babbar Khalsa Ordered Tara Singh Hayer Slaying”. CanWest News Service. 14 December 2003. Archived from the original on 28 September 2011. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ Summers, Chris (2 June 2000). “Call for end to Sikh murder mystery”. BBC News. Archived from the original on 12 November 2013. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ Summers, Chris (17 March 2005). “Call for police to solve Sikh murder”. BBC News. Archived from the original on 7 May 2010. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ “Netfirms | This site is temporarily unavailable”. Worldsikh.ca. Archived from the original on 1 January 2012. Retrieved 27 September 2015.
- ^ Grewal, San (11 July 2007). “Sikh organization sues CBC”. Toronto Star. Archived from the original on 27 January 2020. Retrieved 27 January 2020.
- ^ “Canadian journalist hits out at Sikh extremism”. The Times of India. 1 July 2007.[dead link]
- ^ Morley, Robert. “Sikh Terrorism Enters Politics in Canada”. The Trumpet. Archived from the original on 2 June 2011. Retrieved 25 May 2009.
- ^ Thorne, Barry (6 March 2008). “India PM warns against renewed Sikh extremism”. Radio Netherlands Worldwide. Archived from the original on 10 March 2008.
- ^ Bolan, Kim (11 March 2008). “Sikh separatist threat on rise in Canada: Indian PM warns of resurgent threat in Canada”. Vancouver Sun. Archived from the original on 12 November 2013.
- ^ “Amarinder Singh meets Justin Trudeau and Canada’s ‘Khalistani sympathiser’ minister”. The Times of India. 21 February 2018. Archived from the original on 11 October 2018. Retrieved 8 June 2018.
- ^ Singh, Surjit; Sharma, Anil (21 February 2018). “Khalistan figures in Trudeau-Amarinder talks, Punjab CM hands over list of 9 Canada-based radicals”. Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 8 June 2018.
- ^ Connolly, Amanda. “Jagmeet Singh defends speaking at Sikh separatist rally in 2015”. Global News. Archived from the original on 23 May 2018. Retrieved 22 May 2018.
- ^ “Khalistan no issue either in Canada or Punjab, says Sukhbir Badal”. Hindustan Times. 23 February 2018. Archived from the original on 11 March 2018. Retrieved 11 March 2018.
- ^ Milewski, Terry (September 2020). “Khalistan: A project of Pakistan” (PDF). Macdonald-Laurier Institute. Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 December 2020. Retrieved 4 February 2021.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c Pathi, Krutika (19 September 2023). “India expels Canadian diplomat, escalating tensions after Trudeau accuses India in Sikh’s killing”. AP News. Archived from the original on 19 September 2023. Retrieved 19 September 2023.
- ^ Staff, Star (14 October 2024). “Canada and India each expel six diplomats amid murder investigation of Sikh activist in B.C.” Toronto Star. Retrieved 27 November 2024.
- ^ “Trudeau accuses India in killing of Sikh leader on Canadian soil”. The Globe and Mail. 18 September 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2024.
- ^ “Sikh separatists ‘funded from UK'”. BBC News. 4 March 2008. Archived from the original on 26 March 2012. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ Bassey, Amardeep (26 February 2008). “TRANSCRIPT OF “FILE ON 4″- ‘SIKH GROUPS'” (PDF). BBC News. p. 20. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 February 2022. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ “Foreign Terrorist Organizations”. U. S. Department of State. 8 April 2008. Archived from the original on 13 May 2009.
- ^ “Terrorism: What You Need To Know About U.S. Sanctions”. U.S. Department of Treasury. Archived from the original on 20 October 2011. Retrieved 24 May 2009.
- ^ Gilligan, Andrew (21 April 2008). “Sikh civil servant who backs ‘martyr’ is now on TfL board” (PDF). Evening Standard. London. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 June 2009.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Bolan, Kim (18 February 2008). “Sikh leader solicits support”. Vancouver Sun. Archived from the original on 3 June 2009.
- ^ “Sikh separatists ‘funded from UK'”. BBC. 4 March 2008. Archived from the original on 14 December 2021. Retrieved 24 April 2008.
- Bibliography
- Axel, Brian Keith (2001), The nation’s Tortured Body: Violence, representation, and the formation of a Sikh “Diaspora”, Duke University Press, ISBN 978-0-8223-2615-1
- Behera, Navnita Chadha (2007), Demystifying Kashmir, Pearson Education India, ISBN 978-8131708460
- Deol, Harnik (2000), Religion and Nationalism in India: The case of the Punjab, Routledge, ISBN 978-0-415-20108-7
- Fair, C. Christine (2005), “Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies: Insights from the Khalistan and Tamil Eelam Movements”, Nationalism and Ethnic Politics, 11: 125–156, doi:10.1080/13537110590927845, S2CID 145552863
- Ghosh, Srikanta (1997), Indian Democracy Derailed – Politics and Politicians, APH Publishing, ISBN 978-81-7024-866-8, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 16 August 2019
- Haqqani, Husain (2010), Pakistan: Between Mosque and Military, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, ISBN 978-0-87003-285-1
- Jodhka, Surinder S. (21 April 2001), “Looking Back at the Khalistan Movement: Some Recent Researches on Its Rise and Decline”, Economic and Political Weekly, 36 (16): 1311–1318
- Jolly, Surjit (1988), Sikh Revivalist Movements, Gitanjali Publishing House, ISBN 978-81-85060-23-1, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 24 December 2018
- Mahmood, Cynthia Keppley (1996), Fighting for Faith and Nation, Series in Contemporary Ethnography, University of Pennsylvania Press, ISBN 978-0-8122-1592-2, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 29 August 2020
- Nayar, Kuldip; Singh, Kushwant (1985), Tragedy of Punjab, Vision Books, ISBN 1-85127-069-8, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 24 December 2018
- Pettigrew, Joyce (1995), The Sikhs of the Punjab: Unheard Voices of State and Guerrilla Violence, Zed Books, ISBN 978-1-85649-355-0
- Shah, Mehtab Ali (1997), The Foreign Policy of Pakistan: Ethnic Impacts on Diplomacy 1971–1994, I.B.Tauris, ISBN 978-1-86064-169-5
- Shani, Giorgio (2005), “Beyond Khalistan? Sikh diasporic identity and critical international theory1”, Sikh Formations, 1 (1): 57–74, doi:10.1080/17448720500132565, S2CID 145300683
- Shani, Giorgio (2008), Sikh Nationalism and Identity in a Global Age, Routledge, ISBN 978-0-415-42190-4, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 24 December 2018
- Singh, Gurharpal (2000), Ethnic Conflict in India: A Case-Study of Punjab, Palgrave Macmillan UK, ISBN 978-0-333-98177-1, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 3 December 2018
- Sirrs, Owen L. (2016). Pakistan’s Inter-Services Intelligence Directorate: Covert Action and Internal Operations. Routledge. p. 167. ISBN 978-1-317-19609-9.
- Tambiah, Stanley Jeyaraja (1996), Leveling Crowds: Ethnonationalist conflicts and collective violence in South Asia, University of California Press, ISBN 978-0-520-20642-7, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 24 December 2018
- Talbot, Ian (2000), India and Pakistan: Inventing the Nation, Bloomsbury Academic, ISBN 978-0-340-70633-6, archived from the original on 7 February 2023, retrieved 3 December 2018
- Van Dyke, Virginia (2009), “The Khalistan Movement in Punjab, India, and the Post-Militancy Era: Structural Change and New Political Compulsions”, Asian Survey, 49 (6): 975–997, doi:10.1525/as.2009.49.6.975
- References
- Citations
- ^ Shah, Murtaza Ali (27 January 2022). “Khalistan flag installed on Gandhi Statue in Washington”. Geo News. Archived from the original on 31 July 2022. Retrieved 31 July 2022.
- ^ Kinnvall, Catarina (24 January 2007). “Situating Sikh and Hindu Nationalism in India”. Globalization and Religious Nationalism in India: The Search for Ontological Security. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-13-413570-7. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 14 August 2015.
- ^ Crenshaw, Martha, 1995, Terrorism in Context, Pennsylvania State University, ISBN 978-0-271-01015-1 p. 364
- ^ Canton, Naomi (10 June 2022). “Banned SFJ leader unveils ‘Khalistan map’, with Shimla as ‘capital’, before Pak press in Lahore”. The Times of India. Archived from the original on 10 February 2023. Retrieved 26 March 2023.
- ^ Mehtab Ali Shah, The Foreign Policy of Pakistan 1997, pp. 24–25.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Axel, Brian Keith (2001). The Nation’s Tortured Body: Violence, Representation, and the Formation of a Sikh “Diaspora”. Duke University Press. p. 84. ISBN 978-0-8223-2615-1. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
The call for a Sikh homeland was first made in the 1930s, addressed to the quickly dissolving empire.
- ^ Shani, Giorgio (2007). Sikh Nationalism and Identity in a Global Age. Routledge. p. 51. ISBN 978-1-134-10189-4. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
However, the term Khalistan was first coined by Dr V.S. Bhatti to denote an independent Sikh state in March 1940. Dr Bhatti made the case for a separate Sikh state in a pamphlet entitled ‘Khalistan’ in response to the Muslim League’s Lahore Resolution.
- ^ Bianchini, Stefano; Chaturvedi, Sanjay; Ivekovic, Rada; Samaddar, Ranabir (2004). Partitions: Reshaping States and Minds. Routledge. p. 121. ISBN 978-1-134-27654-7. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
Around the same time, a pamphlet of about forty pages, entitled ‘Khalistan’, and authored by medical doctor, V.S. Bhatti, also appeared.
- ^ Gupta, Shekhar; Subramanian, Nirupaman (15 December 1993). “You can’t get Khalistan through military movement: Jagat Singh Chouhan”. India Today. Archived from the original on 4 February 2021. Retrieved 29 November 2019.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d “New brand of Sikh militancy: Suave, tech-savvy pro-Khalistan youth radicalised on social media”. Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 4 March 2021. Retrieved 27 April 2018.
- ^ Jump up to:a b “India gives Trudeau list of suspected Sikh separatists in Canada”. Reuters. 22 February 2018. Archived from the original on 3 February 2021. Retrieved 22 May 2018.
The Sikh insurgency petered out in the 1990s. He told state leaders his country would not support anyone trying to reignite the movement for an independent Sikh homeland called Khalistan.
- ^ Fair, C. Christine (2005). “Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies: Insights from the Khalistan and Tamil Eelam Movements”. Nationalism and Ethnic Politics. 11: 125–156. doi:10.1080/13537110590927845. ISSN 1353-7113. S2CID 145552863.
- ^ Weisman, Steven R. “A Top Indian General is Assassinated”, Seattle Post-Intelligencer, 11 August 1986.
- ^ “The Vaidya Murder Case: Confirming Death Sentences”, India Abroad. (New York edition). New York, N.Y.: 24 July 1992. Vol.XXII, Issue. 43; pg.20.
- ^ “Punjab on edge over hanging of Beant Singh’s killer Bhai Balwant Singh Rajoana”. India Today. 28 March 2012. Archived from the original on 29 March 2012. Retrieved 28 March 2012.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f g h Van Dyke, The Khalistan Movement (2009), p. 990.
- ^ Ali, Haider (6 June 2018). “Mass protests erupt around Golden Temple complex as pro-Khalistan sikhs mark Blue Star anniversary”. Daily Pakistan. Archived from the original on 6 July 2020. Retrieved 25 June 2018.
- ^ “UK: Pakistani-origin lawmaker leads protests in London to call for Kashmir, Khalistan freedom”. Scroll. 27 January 2018. Archived from the original on 3 February 2021. Retrieved 29 June 2018.
- ^ Bhattacharyya, Anirudh (5 June 2017). “Pro-Khalistan groups plan event in Canada to mark Operation Bluestar anniversary”. Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 4 February 2021. Retrieved 6 July 2018.
- ^ Majumdar, Ushinor. “Sikh Extremists in Canada, The UK And Italy Are Working With ISI Or Independently”. Outlook India. Archived from the original on 20 July 2019. Retrieved 8 June 2018.
Q. Is it clear which “foreign hand” is driving this entire nexus? A. Evidence gathered by the police and other agencies points to the ISI as the key perpetrator of extremism in Punjab. (Amarinder Singh Indian Punjab Chief Minister)
- ^ “Simranjit Singh Mann stokes row, dedicates Sangrur win to Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale: Know about pro-Khalistan leader”, Firstpost, 27 June 2022, archived from the original on 27 June 2022, retrieved 27 June 2022
- ^ “Sangrur Bypoll Results Live: AAP loses Bhagwant Mann’s seat, SAD-A wins by 6,800 votes”, Hindustan Times, 26 June 2022, archived from the original on 26 June 2022, retrieved 26 June 2022
- ^ Wallace, Paul (1986). “The Sikhs as a “Minority” in a Sikh Majority State in India”. Asian Survey. 26 (3): 363–377. doi:10.2307/2644197. ISSN 0004-4687. JSTOR 2644197.
Over 8,000,000 of India’s 10,378,979 Sikhs were concentrated in Punjab
- ^ Jolly, Sikh Revivalist Movements (1988), p. 6.
- ^ Purewal, Navtej K. (2017). Living on the Margins: Social Access to Shelter in Urban South Asia. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-351-74899-5. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
The wrangling between various Sikh groupings were resolved by the nineteenth century when Maharajah Ranjit Singh unified the Punjab from Peshawar t the Sutluj River.
- ^ Panton, Kenneth J. (2015). Historical Dictionary of the British Empire. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 470. ISBN 978-0-8108-7524-1. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
A second conflict, just two years later, led to complete subjugation of the Sikhs and the incorporation of the remainder of their lands
- ^ Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 127.
- ^ Axel, Brian Keith (2001). The Nation’s Tortured Body: Violence, Representation, and the Formation of a Sikh “Diaspora”. Duke University Press. p. 85. ISBN 978-0-8223-2615-1. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
The Akalis viewed the Lahore Resolution and the Cripps Mission as a betrayal of the Sikhs and an attempt to usurp what, since the time of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, was historically a Sikh territory.
- ^ Tan, Tai Yong; Kudaisya, Gyanesh (2005) [First published 2000], The Aftermath of Partition in South Asia, Routledge, p. 100, ISBN 978-0-415-28908-5,
The professed intention of the Muslim League to impose a Muslim state on the Punjab (a Muslim majority province) was anathema to the Sikhs … the Sikhs launched a virulent campaign against the Lahore Resolution … Sikh leaders of all political persuasions made it clear that Pakistan would be ‘wholeheartedly resisted’.
- ^ Axel, Brian Keith (2001). The Nation’s Tortured Body: Violence, Representation, and the Formation of a Sikh “Diaspora”. Duke University Press. p. 84. ISBN 978-0-8223-2615-1. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
Against the nationalist ideology of a united India, which called for all groups to set aside “communal” differences, the Shiromani Akali Dal Party of the 1930s rallied around the proposition of a Sikh panth (community) that was separate from Hindus and Muslims.
- ^ Shani, Giorgio (2007). Sikh Nationalism and Identity in a Global Age. Routledge. p. 52. ISBN 978-1-134-10189-4. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
Khalistan was imagined as a theocratic state, a mirror-image of ‘Muslim’ Pakistan, led by the Maharaja of Patiala with the aid of a cabinet consisting of representing federating units.
- ^ Shah, Mehtab Ali (1997), The Foreign Policy of Pakistan: Ethnic Impacts on Diplomacy 1971–1994, I.B.Tauris, ISBN 978-1-86064-169-5, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 5 October 2020
- ^ Hill, K.; Seltzer, W.; Leaning, J.; Malik, S.J.; Russell, S. S.; Makinson, C. (2003), A Demographic Case Study of Forced Migration: The 1947 Partition of India, Harvard University Asia Center, archived from the original on 6 December 2008
- ^ McLeod, W. H. (1989), The Sikhs: History, Religion, and Society, Columbia University Press, ISBN 978-0-231-06815-4
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 129.
- ^ “Gurudwaras Outside of Punjab State”. Gateway To Sikhism. 30 November 1999. Archived from the original on 2 March 2021. Retrieved 17 October 2020.
- ^ Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 130.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d e Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 128.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 134.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f g h Jetly, Rajshree. 2006. “The Khalistan Movement in India: The Interplay of Politics and State Power.” International Review of Modern Sociology 34(1):61–62. JSTOR 41421658.
- ^ “Hindu-Sikh relations – I”. The Tribune. Chandigarh, India: Tribuneindia.com. 3 November 2003. Archived from the original on 5 June 2011.
- ^ Chawla, Muhammad Iqbal. 2017. The Khalistan Movement of 1984: A Critical Appreciation.
- ^ “The Punjab Reorganisation Act, 1966” (PDF). Government of India. 18 September 1966. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 January 2012.
- ^ Stanley Wolpert (2005). India. University of California Press. p. 216. ISBN 9780520246966. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 11 March 2023.
- ^ Mitra, Subrata K. (2007), The Puzzle of India’s Governance: Culture, Context and Comparative Theory, Advances in South Asian Studies: Routledge, p. 94, ISBN 978-1-134-27493-2, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 6 March 2018
- ^ Singh, Khushwant (2004), “The Anandpur Sahib Resolution and Other Akali Demands”, A History of the Sikhs: Volume 2: 1839–2004, Oxford University Press, doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195673098.001.0001, ISBN 978-0-19-567309-8
- ^ Ray, Jayanta Kumar (2007), Aspects of India’s International Relations, 1700 to 2000: South Asia and the World, Pearson Education India, p. 484, ISBN 978-81-317-0834-7, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 16 August 2019
- ^ Jump up to:a b c Akshayakumar Ramanlal Desai (1991). Expanding Governmental Lawlessness and Organized Struggles. Popular Prakashan. pp. 64–66. ISBN 978-81-7154-529-2.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 135.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d Pandya, Haresh (11 April 2007). “Jagjit Singh Chauhan, Sikh Militant Leader in India, Dies at 80”. The New York Times. Archived from the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 17 February 2017.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Axel, The Nation’s Tortured Body (2011), pp. 101–
- ^ Jump up to:a b Gupta, Shekhar; Subramanian, Nirupaman (15 December 1993). “You can’t get Khalistan through military movement: Jagat Singh Chouhan”. India Today. Archived from the original on 4 February 2021. Retrieved 29 November 2019.
- ^ Thomas, Jo (14 June 1984). “London Sikh Assumes Role of Exile Chief”. The New York Times. Archived from the original on 24 October 2018. Retrieved 24 October 2018.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c Dulat, A. S. (13 December 2020). “Genesis of tumultuous period in Punjab”. The Tribune. Chandigarh, India. Archived from the original on 24 June 2021. Retrieved 13 June 2021.
Bhindranwale never raised the demand for Khalistan or went beyond the Akali Anandpur Sahib Resolution, while he himself was prepared for negotiations to the very end.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Stevens, William K. (19 June 1984). “Punjab Raid: Unanswered Questions”. The News York Times. Archived from the original on 24 June 2021. Retrieved 12 June 2021.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d e Chima, Jugdep S (2008), The Sikh Separatist Insurgency in India: Political Leadership and Ethnonationalist Movements, India: Sage Publications, pp. 71–75, ISBN 978-81-321-0538-1, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 5 October 2020
- ^ Sharma, Sanjay (5 June 2011). “Bhajan Lal lived with ‘anti-Sikh, anti-Punjab’ image”. The Times of India. Archived from the original on 10 June 2011.
- ^ Stepan, Alfred; Linz, Juan J.; Yadav, Yogendra (2011), Crafting State-Nations: India and Other Multinational Democracies (Illustrated ed.), JHU Press, p. 97, ISBN 978-0-8018-9723-8, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 5 October 2020
- ^ Ghosh, Srikanta. 1997. Indian Democracy Derailed – Politics and Politicians. APH Publishing. ISBN 978-81-7024-866-8. p. 95.
- ^ Sisson, Mary. 2011. “Sikh Terrorism.” pp. 544–545 in The Sage Encyclopedia of Terrorism (2nd ed.), edited by G. Martin. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. ISBN 978-1-4129-8016-6. doi:10.4135/9781412980173.n368.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Sharma, Mool Chand, and A.K. Sharma, eds. 2004. “Discrimination Based on Religion Archived 24 October 2020 at the Wayback Machine.” pp. 108–110 in Discrimination Based on Sex, Caste, Religion, and Disability. New Delhi: National Council for Teacher Education. Archived from the original on 2 June 2010. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
- ^ Swami, Praveen (16 January 2014). “RAW chief consulted MI6 in build-up to Operation Bluestar”. The Hindu. Chennai, India. Archived from the original on 18 January 2014. Retrieved 9 August 2018.
- ^ Singh, Khushwant. 2004. A History of the Sikhs, Volume II: 1839–2004. New Delhi: Oxford University Press. p. 337.
- ^ Subramanian, L. N. (12 October 2006). “Operation Bluestar, 05 June 1984”. Bharat Rakshak Monitor. 3 (2). Archived from the original on 30 June 2020. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
- ^ Jump up to:a b “Sikh Leader in Punjab Accord Assassinated”. Los Angeles Times. Times Wire Services. 21 August 1985. Archived from the original on 29 January 2016. Retrieved 9 August 2018.
- ^ Tully, Mark; Jacob, Satish (1985). Amritsar: Mrs Gandhi’s Last Battle (5 ed.). J. Cape. p. 147. ISBN 978-0-22-402328-3. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ Wolpert, Stanley A., ed. (2009). “India”. Encyclopædia Britannica.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Gates, Scott; Roy, Kaushik (4 February 2014). “Insurgency and Counter-Insurgency in Punjab”. Unconventional Warfare in South Asia: Shadow Warriors and Counterinsurgency. Ashgate Publishing. p. 167. ISBN 978-1-40-943706-2. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ Diwanji, Amberish K. (4 June 2004). “There is a limit to how much a country can take”. The Rediff Interview/Lieutenant General Kuldip Singh Brar (retired). Rediff.com. Archived from the original on 3 December 2019. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ Walia, Varinder (20 March 2007). “Army reveals startling facts on Bluestar, says Longowal surrendered”. The Tribune. Amristar. Archived from the original on 4 August 2020. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ Jugdep S Chima (2008). The Sikh Separatist Insurgency in India: Political Leadership and Ethnonationalist Movements. Sage Publishing India. pp. 114–. ISBN 978-9351509530. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 13 March 2023.
- ^ White Paper on the Punjab Agitation. New Delhi: Government of India Press. 1984. p. 40. OL 1839009M. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ Karim, Afsir (1991). Counter Terrorism, the Pakistan Factor. Lancer Publishers. pp. 33–36. ISBN 978-8170621270. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 13 March 2023.
- ^ “Pakistan would have recognised Khalistan”. Rediff.com. 3 June 2004. Archived from the original on 29 January 2009. Retrieved 20 June 2006.
- ^ Andrew, Christopher M.; Mitrokhin, Vasili (2005). The Mitrokhin Archive II: The KGB and the World. Allen Lane. p. 336. ISBN 978-0-7139-9359-2. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 30 September 2022.
- ^ Andrew, Christopher (2008). The World Was Going Our Way: The KGB and the Battle for the Third World. DIANE Publishing Company. ISBN 978-1-4223-9312-3. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 30 September 2022.
- ^ Subramanian Swamy (1992). Building a New India: An Agenda for National Renaissance. UBS Publishers’ Distributors. p. 18. ISBN 978-81-85674-21-6. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 6 September 2022.
The 1984 Operation Bluestar became necessary because of the vast disinformation against Sant Bhindranwale by the KGB, and repeated inside Parliament by the Congress Party of India.
- ^ Guidry, John A., Michael D. Kennedy, and Mayer N. Zald, eds. 2000. Globalizations and Social Movements: Culture, Power, and the Transnational Public Sphere. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 978-0-472-06721-3. p. 319.
- ^ Nanavati, G. T. 9 February 2005. “Report of the Justice Nanavati Commission of Inquiry (1984 Anti-Sikh Riots) Archived 3 February 2021 at the Wayback Machine” 1. New Delhi: Ministry of Home Affairs. Archived from the original 27 November 2014. Retrieved 18 May 2020. Also available via People’s Archive of Rural India Archived 7 May 2020 at the Wayback Machine.
- ^ Jump up to:a b “What about the big fish?”. Tehelka. Anant Media. 25 August 2005. Archived from the original on 13 September 2012.
- ^ Singh, Swadesh Bahadur. 31 May 1996. “Cabinet berth for a Sikh.” Indian Express.
- ^ Kumar, Ram Narayan, et al. 2003. Reduced to Ashes: The Insurgency and Human Rights in Punjab. South Asia Forum for Human Rights. p. 43. Available via Committee for Information and Initiative on Punjab.
- ^ In Depth: Air India Archived 18 March 2005 at the Wayback Machine – The Victims, CBC News Online, 16 March 2005
- ^ “Free. Fair. Fearless”. Tehelka. Archived from the original on 12 September 2012.
- ^ “Jagmeet Singh now rejects glorification of Air India bombing mastermind”. CBC News. 15 March 2018. Archived from the original on 2 October 2020. Retrieved 4 August 2020.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c Gilligan, Andrew (21 April 2008). “Ken’s adviser is linked to terror group”. London Evening Standard. Archived from the original on 12 June 2009. Retrieved 26 May 2009.
- ^ Bolan, Kim (9 February 2008). “Air India bombmaker sent to holding centre”. Ottawa Citizen. Archived from the original on 9 November 2012. Retrieved 31 May 2009.
- ^ “Convicted Air India bomb-builder Inderjit Singh Reyat gets bail”. CBC News. 9 July 2008. Archived from the original on 10 July 2008. Retrieved 10 June 2009.
- ^ “Sikh Temple Sit-In Is a Challenge for Punjab.” The New York Times. 2 February 1986.
- ^ Singh, I. (10 July 2012). “Sarbat Khalsa and Gurmata”. SikhNet. Archived from the original on 12 June 2013. Retrieved 15 March 2013.
- ^ “Sant Nirankari Mission”. nirankari.org. Archived from the original on 13 January 2023. Retrieved 13 January 2023.
- ^ “Gunmen Slaughter 32 on Bus in India in Bloodiest Attack of Sikh Campaign”. The Philadelphia Inquirer, 7 July 1987. Page A03.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d Gargan, Edward (10 October 1991). “Envoy of Romania Abducted in India”. The New York Times. Archived from the original on 23 October 2018. Retrieved 17 February 2017.
- ^ Gurharpal Singh, Ethnic Conflict in India (2000), Chapters 8 & 9.
- ^ Gurharpal Singh, Ethnic Conflict in India (2000), Chapter 10.
- ^ “Amnesty International report on Punjab”. Amnesty International. 20 January 2003. Archived from the original on 3 December 2006.
- ^ “The Tribune, Chandigarh, India – Punjab”. Tribuneindia.com. Archived from the original on 5 June 2011. Retrieved 27 September 2015.
- ^ “SAD (A) to contest the coming SGPC elections on Khalistan issue: Mann”. PunjabNewsline.com. 14 January 2010. Archived from the original on 15 July 2011.
- ^ “Balwinder Singh Sandu”. Gallantry Awards. Archived from the original on 31 October 2020. Retrieved 29 October 2020.
- ^ “Gunmen Wound India Ambassador”. Los Angeles Times. 21 August 1991. Archived from the original on 10 October 2012. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ “World Notes India”. Time. 21 October 1991. Archived from the original on 30 September 2007. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ “Secret Injustice: The Harpal Singh Case | Part 1: Flashback”. The Sikh Sentinel. 17 September 2003. Archived from the original on 8 March 2012.
- ^ Talbot, India and Pakistan (2000), p. 272.
- ^ Simmons, Mary Kate (1998). Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization: yearbook. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. p. 187. ISBN 978-90-411-0223-2. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 3 August 2018.
- ^ “Issue Paper INDIA: Sikhs in Punjab 1994–95”. Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada. February 1996. Retrieved 31 May 2009.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d “U.S. Court Convicts Khalid Awan for Supporting Khalistan Commando Force”. The United States Attorney’s Office. 20 December 2006. Archived from the original on 15 January 2012. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ Mahmood, Cynthia. 5 May 1997. “Fax to Ted Albers.” Orono, Maine: Resource Information Center.
- ^ Documentation, Information and Research Branch. 17 February 1997. “India: Information from four specialists on the Punjab, Response to Information Request #IND26376.EX.” Ottawa: Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada.
- ^ “Protecting the Killers: A Policy of Impunity in Punjab, India: I. Summary”. Human Rights Watch. 9 October 2006. Archived from the original on 12 October 2008. Retrieved 11 January 2010.
- ^ Special Broadcasting Service:: Dateline – presented by George Negus Archived 28 August 2008 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ “The Hindu: Opinion / News Analysis: Is justice possible without looking for the truth?”. The Hindu. 9 September 2005. Archived from the original on 22 May 2008.
- ^ “India: A vital opportunity to end impunity in Punjab”. Amnesty International USA. Archived from the original on 25 June 2009.
- ^ “ASW”. Human Rights Watch. 1992. Archived from the original on 12 October 2012. Retrieved 11 January 2010.
- ^ “India: Time to Deliver Justice for Atrocities in Punjab”. Human Rights Watch. 18 October 2007. Archived from the original on 13 January 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ “Document – India: Break the cycle of impunity and torture in Punjab | Amnesty International”. Amnesty International. 2003. Archived from the original on 12 June 2011. Retrieved 11 January 2010.
- ^ Sehgal, Manjeet (23 September 2019). “Punjab: Four Khalistan Zindabad Force terrorists arrested in Taran Taran”. India Today. Archived from the original on 15 December 2019. Retrieved 27 December 2019.
- ^ Service, Tribune News. “NIA demands custody of 4 in Tarn Taran blast case”. Tribuneindia News Service. Archived from the original on 27 December 2019. Retrieved 27 December 2019.
- ^ Punj, Balbair (16 June 2005). “The Ghost of Khalistan”. The Sikh Times. Archived from the original on 4 December 2018. Retrieved 23 January 2007.
- ^ “Terror attacks in Punjab being planned by pro-Khalistan outfits with Pak’s support: Intelligence sources”. DNA India. 26 December 2019. Archived from the original on 27 December 2019. Retrieved 27 December 2019.
- ^ Nanjappa, Vicky (26 December 2019). “High alert declared after IB picks up intercepts on possible terror attack in Punjab”. Oneindia. Archived from the original on 27 December 2019. Retrieved 27 December 2019.
- ^ “Official Resolutions From Sarbat Khalsa 2015”. Sikh24.com. 11 November 2015. Archived from the original on 12 November 2015. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
- ^ “Khalistan slogans raised as Mann comes to meet Khalsa”. The Indian Express. 25 July 2015. Archived from the original on 27 August 2015. Retrieved 14 August 2015.
- ^ “Probable Resurgence of the Khalistan Movement: Role of the Sikh Diaspora – Science, Technology and Security forum”. stsfor.org. Archived from the original on 16 October 2015. Retrieved 2 April 2023.
- ^ “Responses to Information Requests”. irb-cisr.gc.ca. 5 June 2018. Archived from the original on 14 August 2019. Retrieved 14 August 2019.
- ^ “Pro-Khalistan slogans raised on Bluestar anniversary in Punjab”. Deccan Herald. 6 June 2015. Archived from the original on 25 July 2015. Retrieved 14 August 2015.
- ^ “Pro-Khalistan slogans raised during Punjab CM Parkash Singh Badal’s function”. The Indian Express. 26 July 2015. Archived from the original on 29 August 2015. Retrieved 14 August 2015.
- ^ Kumar, Ram Narayan (1997), The Sikh unrest and the Indian state: politics, personalities, and historical retrospective, Ajanta, ISBN 978-81-202-0453-9 quoted in Rediff On the Net Archived 15 August 2018 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Pettigrew, The Sikhs of the Punjab (1995), pp. 188–197.
- ^ Van Dyke, The Khalistan Movement (2009), p. 992.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Van Dyke, The Khalistan Movement (2009), p. 991.
- ^ Jump up to:a b “No chance of another Khalistan movement in Punjab: Defence experts”. Hindustan Times. ANI. 19 March 2016. Archived from the original on 6 May 2018. Retrieved 5 May 2018.
- ^ Dhillon, Simrat (December 2007). “The Sikh Diaspora and the Quest for Khalistan: A Search for Statehood or for Self-preservation?” (PDF). Institute of Peace and Conflict Studies. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 August 2019. Retrieved 26 May 2009.
- ^ Anand, Nisha. “Australian police releases pics of 6 men involved in Khalistan referendum brawl”. Hindustan Times.
- ^ “Brawl breaks out over Khalistan referendum in Australia; India raises concerns with authorities”. The Indian Express. 30 January 2023. Retrieved 13 October 2024.
- ^ “‘Appalled’: Australian envoy on attack by Khalistan elements on pro-India groups”. Hindustan Times.
- ^ “Police investigating attack on Brampton radio host after remarks on Punjabi actor”. The Globe and Mail. 24 February 2022. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
He told police he was approached near his Brampton studio Wednesday afternoon by three men who were shouting support for Mr. Sidhu, who was also a Sikh activist. “One of them pulled a gun on me, and the other hit me on the head with a beer bottle,” he told The Globe and Mail.
- ^ “‘Bhindranwale 2.0’: Radical Khalistan Sympathiser Amritpal Singh Active in Punjab”. NDTV News. Archived from the original on 24 February 2023. Retrieved 24 February 2023.
Often escorted by armed supporters and donning a flowing white ‘chola’ and a navy-blue turban, radical preacher and Khalistan sympathiser Amritpal Singh has been very active for some time in Punjab.
- ^ Sethi, Chitleen K. (23 February 2023). “Radical activist Amritpal storms Ajnala police station with supporters, secures aide’s release”. ThePrint. Archived from the original on 24 February 2023. Retrieved 24 February 2023.
- ^ “Radical preacher Amritpal Singh issue: Habeas corpus petition moved in HC seeking his ‘release'”. The Financial Express. Archived from the original on 19 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
- ^ [137][138][139]
- ^ “Deep Sidhu disliked Amritpal Singh, blocked his phone”. Tribune India. Archived from the original on 10 February 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ Matharu, Sonal (25 October 2022). “Fiery orator, ‘Bhindranwale 2.0’ – who’s Amritpal Singh, new ‘head’ of Deep Sidhu’s Waris Punjab De”. ThePrint. Archived from the original on 16 November 2022. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “The rise and fall of Amritpal Singh”. Tribune India. Archived from the original on 20 March 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “Unaware how Amritpal Singh declared himself head of ‘Waris Punjab De’, says Deep Sidhu’s kin”. Financialexpress. 24 February 2023. Archived from the original on 19 March 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “Amritpal Singh: Amrit Sanchar to focus on ‘de-addiction’ of youth”. Tribune India. Archived from the original on 16 November 2022. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “‘Khalistan shouldn’t be seen as…’: Amritpal Singh as Toofan to be freed today”. Hindustan Times. 24 February 2023. Archived from the original on 24 February 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “Amritpal Singh | A radical preacher”. The Hindu. 25 February 2023. ISSN 0971-751X. Archived from the original on 31 March 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ Mogul, Rhea (22 March 2023). “Khalistan: The outlawed Sikh separatist movement that has Indian authorities on edge”. CNN. Archived from the original on 23 March 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “‘Waris Punjab De’ chief Amritpal Singh arrested from Punjab’s Moga under NSA; shifted to Assam’s Dibrugarh jail”. The Hindu. 23 April 2023. ISSN 0971-751X. Archived from the original on 23 April 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “Watch: Sikhs attack Indian consulate in San Francisco, raise Khalistani flag to protest against crackdown on Amritpal Singh”. Free Press Journal. 20 March 2023. Archived from the original on 21 March 2023. Retrieved 21 March 2023.
- ^ Simon Little; Julie Nolin. “Journalist allegedly assaulted as Punjab tensions spill over into B.C.” Global News. Archived from the original on 21 March 2023. Retrieved 21 March 2023.
- ^ “Indian High Commission: Diplomat summoned after London protest”. BBC News. 20 March 2023. Archived from the original on 25 June 2023. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
- ^ “Amritpal Singh’s brother-in-law key accused in attack on Indian high commission in Canada”. Hindustan Times. 24 June 2023. Archived from the original on 5 July 2023. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
- ^ “Pro-Khalistan protesters tried to set on fire India’s consulate in San Francisco”. The Tribune India. Archived from the original on 25 June 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “Senior Indian journalist attacked by pro-Khalistanis outside Indian Embassy in Washington”. Deccan Herald. 26 March 2023. Archived from the original on 25 June 2023. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
- ^ “Journalist allegedly assaulted as Punjab tensions spill over into B.C.” Global News. Archived from the original on 21 March 2023. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
- ^ “Journalist allegedly assaulted as Punjab tensions spill over into B.C.” Global News. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
- ^ “‘Mr Taranjit Singh Sandhu…’: Khalistan supporter threatens Indian envoy to US | Watch”. Hindustan Times. 26 March 2023. Archived from the original on 27 June 2023. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
- ^ Anirudh Bhattacharyya (27 April 2018). “Canadian police frees Khalistani ‘separatist’ Hardeep Nijjar after 24 hours in custody”. Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 21 September 2023. Retrieved 19 September 2023.
- ^ “2nd attack since March: Indian consulate set on fire in San Francisco; US condemns violence”. The Times of India. 4 July 2023. ISSN 0971-8257. Archived from the original on 4 July 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ Jump up to:a b “US condemns vandalism, attempted arson against Indian Consulate in San Francisco”. Tribune India. Archived from the original on 4 July 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “US condemns vandalism at Indian consulate in San Francisco”. Reuters. 4 July 2023. Archived from the original on 4 July 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “‘Heated’ demonstration at Indian consulate in Toronto sees one arrested”. The Globe and Mail. 9 July 2023. Archived from the original on 14 July 2023. Retrieved 14 July 2023.
Some online posters ahead of the event said “Kill India” and suggested, without evidence, that Indian diplomats played a role in Mr. Nijjar’s death.
- ^ “A year after Hardeep Singh Nijjar’s death, mysteries remain about how he really lived”. The Globe and Mail. 22 June 2024. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
- ^ “Pro-Khalistani Group in Toronto Glorifies Beant Singh’s Killer, Indian Authorities to Raise Issue With Canada | EXCLUSIVE”. News18. 2 September 2024. Retrieved 13 October 2024.
- ^ “Canada: Pro-Khalistan rallies feature floats celebrating 1995 Beant Singh bombing”. Business Today. 1 September 2024. Retrieved 13 October 2024.
- ^ “‘I will not be silenced’: Calgary radio host attack caught on CCTV”. Global News. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
- ^ “Calgary radio host speaks out after being attacked outside banquet hall”. Global News. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
- ^ “Indo-Canadian mediaperson, attacked by two persons, blames ‘pro-Khalistan’ elements”. Hindustan Times.
- ^ “Calgary police investigating weekend assault of radio host”. CTV News Calgary. 1 October 2024. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
- ^ “Radio journalist says he was assaulted in attack over news coverage”. Calgary Herald.
City police are seeking two suspects in an assault on a well-known radio journalist in Calgary’s northeast that apparently targeted his reporting on crime issues within the Sikh community.
- ^ “Calgary police probe assault of RED FM news director”. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation.
Staff Sgt. John Guigon said Nagar was struck in the head but was not seriously hurt, and that the incident was captured on video. “It was not a pleasant situation,” he said.”[It is] particularly troubling to us when a member of the media gets attacked in a democracy…. We’re throwing resources at it.”
- ^ [167][168][169][170][171][172]
- ^ Sharma, Abhinav (3 October 2024). “Canadian radio journalist Rishi Nagar attacked by Khalistani groups in Canada”. Diya TV. Retrieved 4 October 2024.
A group of men supportive of the Khalistan separatist movement violently assaulted Canada-based RED FM News Director Rishi Nagar allegedly for refusing to align with their agenda.
- ^ Moharib, Nadia (30 September 2024). “Man threatened outside NE temple, two arrested: Calgary police”. CityNews Calgary. Retrieved 11 October 2024.
- ^ Bradley, Jonathan (1 October 2024). “RED FM Calgary host says attack will not stop his journalism”. Western Standard. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
- ^ Bradley, Jonathan (2 October 2024). “UPDATED: Poilievre, Smith say they are disturbed by attack on RED FM Calgary host”. Western Standard. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
- ^ “Journalists reporting against Khalistan groups under attack in Canada, says Indian-origin MP”. The Tribune. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
- ^ O’Brien, Raju Mudhar, Abby (9 November 2024). “‘This is not a Hindu and Sikh battle’: The complex history behind protests that erupted at Brampton temples this week over Indian consular visits”. Toronto Star. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
In another video, individuals holding pro-Khalistan flagpoles can be seen running onto the property, striking those inside the perimeter with them. A chaotic scene ensues.
- ^ Aguilar, Bryann (3 November 2024). “Police increase their presence at Hindu temple in Brampton after protest”. CP24. Retrieved 3 November 2024.
- ^ ICI.Radio-Canada.ca, Zone Justice et faits divers- (4 November 2024). “3 arrested and charged after protest at Brampton Hindu temple, police say”. Radio-Canada.ca (in Canadian French). Retrieved 4 November 2024.
- ^ O’Brien, Raju Mudhar, Abby (9 November 2024). “‘This is not a Hindu and Sikh battle’: The complex history behind protests that erupted at Brampton temples this week over Indian consular visits”. Toronto Star. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
The clash saw three people arrested and an off-duty police officer who participated in the protest, Sergeant Harinder Sohi, suspended.
- ^ “Peel cop suspended after participating in protest outside Hindu temple”. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation.
- ^ “Who Is The Suspended Cop Harinder Sohi And What Happened At The Pro-Khalistan Protest?”. TheDailyGuardian. Retrieved 4 November 2024.
- ^ O’Brien, Raju Mudhar, Abby (9 November 2024). “‘This is not a Hindu and Sikh battle’: The complex history behind protests that erupted at Brampton temples this week over Indian consular visits”. Toronto Star. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
The video then appears to show one of the officers breaking away from his colleagues, running onto temple property, and repeatedly striking an individual. When reached for comment, Peel police said it was aware of the video and was looking into it.
- ^ “Video: Canadian cop punches Hindu man protesting against pro-Khalistan mob attack”. India Today. 4 November 2024. Retrieved 4 November 2024.
- ^ “Fears of more clashes between Sikhs and Hindus in Brampton, Ont., as Canada-India rift spills over into suburbs”. The Globe and Mail. 8 November 2024. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
The Khalistani protesters claimed the event at the Hindu temple Sunday – where Indian consular staff were helping Indian immigrants apply for government pensions – was part of surveillance efforts to keep tabs on pro-Khalistan Sikhs.
- ^ O’Brien, Raju Mudhar, Abby (9 November 2024). “‘This is not a Hindu and Sikh battle’: The complex history behind protests that erupted at Brampton temples this week over Indian consular visits”. Toronto Star. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
It was the presence of Indian Consular officials, who have been visiting communities to help older people in the diaspora who may be entitled to pensions, that prompted SFJ to plan Sunday’s demonstration.
- ^ “Violent clashes erupt outside consular camp at Hindu temple in Canada’s Brampton”. The Hindu. 4 November 2024. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
Most beneficiaries of the consular service organised by the Indian High Commission in Brampton were Sikh members of the Indian diaspora.
- ^ “Fears of more clashes between Sikhs and Hindus in Brampton, Ont., as Canada-India rift spills over into suburbs”. The Globe and Mail. 8 November 2024. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
- ^ O’Brien, Raju Mudhar, Abby (9 November 2024). “‘This is not a Hindu and Sikh battle’: The complex history behind protests that erupted at Brampton temples this week over Indian consular visits”. Toronto Star. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
- ^ Lavoie, Joanna (9 November 2024). “Another person charged following violent demonstrations in Peel Region”. CP24. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
- ^ “Clashes erupted outside a Hindu temple near Toronto. They’re the latest sign of Canada and India’s spiraling relations”. CNN.
- ^ Jump up to:a b “Not one of its leaders elected since 1999, SAD (Amritsar) still contests polls demanding Khalistan”. The Indian Express. 22 January 2022. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
Headed by former MP Simranjit Singh Mann, a retired IPS officer, SAD (Amritsar) is the only party which still contests the elections in Punjab with demand for a separate Khalistan.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Takkar, Jatin (4 June 2024). “Pro-Khalistan separatists Amritpal and Sarabjeet lead over rivals”. The Economic Times. ISSN 0013-0389. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
- ^ Sethi, Chitleen K. (5 June 2024). “Amritpal, Sarabjeet Singh Khalsa — Sikh radicals’ poll victories pose challenge for Mann govt”. ThePrint. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
Amritpal Singh won from Khadoor Sahib by biggest margin this election in Punjab & Beant Singh’s son Khalsa won in Faridkot. But, Simranjit Singh Mann lost his Sangrur seat.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c “General Election to Parliamentary Constituencies: Trends & Results June-2024”. Election Commission of India.
- ^ “Father didn’t care and laid down his life, Sikh community pulled family through troubled times: Sarabjit Singh Khalsa”. The Economic Times. 6 June 2024. ISSN 0013-0389. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
Six-year-old Sarabjit when his father Beant Singh, a Delhi police SI who was part of the PM’s security detail, along with another of her bodyguards, Satwant Singh, assassinated Indira Gandhi in October 1984.
- ^ Pettigrew, The Sikhs of the Punjab (1995), p. 24.
- ^ Aggarwal, J. C.; Agrawal, S. P. (1992), Modern History of Punjab, Concept Publishing Company, p. 117, ISBN 978-81-7022-431-0
- ^ Jump up to:a b Puri, Harish K., Paramjit Singh Judge, and Jagrup Singh Sekhon. 1999. Terrorism in Punjab: Understanding Grassroots Reality. New Delhi: Har-Anand Publications. pp. 68–71.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 133.
- ^ Jump up to:a b “Council Common Position 2005/427/CFSP of 6 June 2005 updating Common Position 2001/931/CFSP on the application of specific measures to combat terrorism and repealing Common Position 2005/220/CFSP” (PDF). European Union. 6 June 2005. p. 5. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 June 2013. Retrieved 31 May 2009.
- ^ “Currently listed entities (terrorist organizations-ed)”. Public Safety Canada. Archived from the original on 26 June 2009. Retrieved 31 May 2009.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f Milewski, Terry (28 June 2007). “Sikh politics in Canada. Symbols and suits. Sikh extremism enters mainstream Canadian politics”. CBC. Archived from the original on 1 June 2009. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ Jump up to:a b “Proscribed terrorist groups”. UK Office for Security and Counter Terrorism. Archived from the original on 15 June 2009. Retrieved 24 May 2009.
- ^ “Terrorist Exclusion List”. U. S. Bureau of Counterterrorism and Countering Violent Extremism. 29 December 2004. Archived from the original on 13 May 2009. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ “Appendix F: Countering Terrorism on the Economic Front” (PDF). US Department of State. p. 2. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 November 2020. Retrieved 31 May 2009.
- ^ Mahmood (1996), p. 328
- ^ Martha Crenshaw, ed. (1995), Terrorism in Context, Pennsylvania State University Press, p. 656, ISBN 978-0-271-01015-1, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 29 August 2020
- ^ Atkins, Stephen E. (2004), Encyclopedia of modern worldwide extremists and extremist groups (illustrated ed.), Greenwood Publishing Group, p. 404, ISBN 978-0-313-32485-7, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 26 June 2009
- ^ “Foreign Terrorist Organizations”. U. S. Department of State. 8 April 2008. Archived from the original on 13 May 2009.
- ^ “Law Enforcement Cases: International Narcotics Control Strategy Report: Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs”. US Department of State. March 2008. Archived from the original on 16 August 2019. Retrieved 8 June 2009.
- ^ Office of the Coordinator for Counterterrorism (April 1996). “1995 Patterns of Global Terrorism”. Federation of American Scientists. Archived from the original on 22 January 2009. Retrieved 30 May 2009.
- ^ Pratap, Anita (22 May 1996). “Bus explosion in India kills at least 14: It’s the second bombing in two days”. New Delhi: CNN. Archived from the original on 8 November 2012. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ “CNN – Fatal bomb meant to disrupt – April 21, 1996”. cnn.com. Archived from the original on 8 November 2012. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ “KZF behind Jalandhar blasts”. The Indian Express. 19 June 2006. Archived from the original on 5 June 2009. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ “Patterns of Global Terrorism: 1997 – appendix B”. U. S. Department of State. 1997. Archived from the original on 23 November 2010. Retrieved 25 May 2009.
- ^ Nayar, Kuldip (22 February 1999). “It is fundamentalism again”. Rediff.com. Archived from the original on 5 January 2012. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ Juergensmeyer, Mark (14 October 2004). “From Bhindranwale to Bin Laden: Understanding Religious Violence” (PDF). Self. p. 30. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 July 2011. Retrieved 26 May 2009.
- ^ Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 136.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 132.
- ^ Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 137.
- ^ Downing, John D. H. (2011). Encyclopedia of Social Movement Media. Sage. p. 290. ISBN 978-0-7619-2688-7. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 25 October 2018.
- ^ Simmons, Mary Kate (1998). Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization: yearbook. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. p. 187. ISBN 978-90-411-0223-2. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 5 October 2020.
- ^ Anderson, Edward T. G. (1 January 2024). Hindu Nationalism in the Indian Diaspora: Transnational Politics and British Multiculturalism. Oxford University Press. p. 333. ISBN 978-0-19-778328-3.
- ^ Behera, Demystifying Kashmir (2007), pp. 87–88.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Haqqani, Pakistan Between the Mosque and Military (2010), pp. 270–271.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Sirrs, Pakistan’s Inter-Services Intelligence Directorate (2016), p. 167.
- ^ Haqqani, Pakistan Between the Mosque and Military (2010), p. 272.
- ^ “Canadian gets 14 years for funding terrorists”. The Globe and Mail. 13 September 2007. Archived from the original on 24 September 2021. Retrieved 5 October 2018.
- ^ Nanjappa, Vicky (10 June 2008). “200 Pak organisations raise funds for terror: IB”. Rediff.com. Archived from the original on 22 July 2021. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Markham, James M. (16 June 1984). “India Talks of C.I.A. Role in Unrest”. The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 28 November 2019. Retrieved 28 November 2019.
- ^ “CIA, ISI encouraged Sikh terrorism”. The Times of India. Press Trust of India. 26 July 2007. Archived from the original on 1 April 2020. Retrieved 28 November 2019.
- ^ “US, Pak ISI had a hand in Punjab militancy: Book”. Hindustan Times. 26 July 2007. Archived from the original on 6 February 2021. Retrieved 1 December 2019.
- ^ Nakashima, Ellen; Shih, Gerry; Amanda, Coletta (29 November 2023). “U.S. prosecutors allege assassination plot of Sikh separatist directed by Indian government employee”. The Washington Post. Retrieved 29 November 2023.
- ^ “Sikh extremism spread fast in Canada”. expressindia.com. 23 May 2007. Archived from the original on 14 October 2012. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ “Sikh extremism in Canada mushroomed very quickly”. rediff.com. 23 May 2007. Archived from the original on 28 March 2012. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ Brown, Jim (22 November 2007). “The reign of terror is still there”. Toronto Star. Archived from the original on 12 October 2012. Retrieved 2 September 2017.
- ^ Kay, Jonathan (17 November 2008). “A true Sikh martyr: Jonathan Kay on the 10th anniversary of the assassination of Tara Singh Hayer”. The National Post. Retrieved 7 June 2009.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Bolan, Kim (2006). Loss of Faith: How the Air-India Bombers Got Away With Murder (Paperback ed.). McClelland & Stewart. p. 388 (Chapters 6 and 7). ISBN 978-0-7710-1131-3.
- ^ “Testimony: Babbar Khalsa Ordered Tara Singh Hayer Slaying”. CanWest News Service. 14 December 2003. Archived from the original on 28 September 2011. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ Summers, Chris (2 June 2000). “Call for end to Sikh murder mystery”. BBC News. Archived from the original on 12 November 2013. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ Summers, Chris (17 March 2005). “Call for police to solve Sikh murder”. BBC News. Archived from the original on 7 May 2010. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ “Netfirms | This site is temporarily unavailable”. Worldsikh.ca. Archived from the original on 1 January 2012. Retrieved 27 September 2015.
- ^ Grewal, San (11 July 2007). “Sikh organization sues CBC”. Toronto Star. Archived from the original on 27 January 2020. Retrieved 27 January 2020.
- ^ “Canadian journalist hits out at Sikh extremism”. The Times of India. 1 July 2007.[dead link]
- ^ Morley, Robert. “Sikh Terrorism Enters Politics in Canada”. The Trumpet. Archived from the original on 2 June 2011. Retrieved 25 May 2009.
- ^ Thorne, Barry (6 March 2008). “India PM warns against renewed Sikh extremism”. Radio Netherlands Worldwide. Archived from the original on 10 March 2008.
- ^ Bolan, Kim (11 March 2008). “Sikh separatist threat on rise in Canada: Indian PM warns of resurgent threat in Canada”. Vancouver Sun. Archived from the original on 12 November 2013.
- ^ “Amarinder Singh meets Justin Trudeau and Canada’s ‘Khalistani sympathiser’ minister”. The Times of India. 21 February 2018. Archived from the original on 11 October 2018. Retrieved 8 June 2018.
- ^ Singh, Surjit; Sharma, Anil (21 February 2018). “Khalistan figures in Trudeau-Amarinder talks, Punjab CM hands over list of 9 Canada-based radicals”. Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 8 June 2018.
- ^ Connolly, Amanda. “Jagmeet Singh defends speaking at Sikh separatist rally in 2015”. Global News. Archived from the original on 23 May 2018. Retrieved 22 May 2018.
- ^ “Khalistan no issue either in Canada or Punjab, says Sukhbir Badal”. Hindustan Times. 23 February 2018. Archived from the original on 11 March 2018. Retrieved 11 March 2018.
- ^ Milewski, Terry (September 2020). “Khalistan: A project of Pakistan” (PDF). Macdonald-Laurier Institute. Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 December 2020. Retrieved 4 February 2021.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c Pathi, Krutika (19 September 2023). “India expels Canadian diplomat, escalating tensions after Trudeau accuses India in Sikh’s killing”. AP News. Archived from the original on 19 September 2023. Retrieved 19 September 2023.
- ^ Staff, Star (14 October 2024). “Canada and India each expel six diplomats amid murder investigation of Sikh activist in B.C.” Toronto Star. Retrieved 27 November 2024.
- ^ “Trudeau accuses India in killing of Sikh leader on Canadian soil”. The Globe and Mail. 18 September 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2024.
- ^ “Sikh separatists ‘funded from UK'”. BBC News. 4 March 2008. Archived from the original on 26 March 2012. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ Bassey, Amardeep (26 February 2008). “TRANSCRIPT OF “FILE ON 4″- ‘SIKH GROUPS'” (PDF). BBC News. p. 20. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 February 2022. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ “Foreign Terrorist Organizations”. U. S. Department of State. 8 April 2008. Archived from the original on 13 May 2009.
- ^ “Terrorism: What You Need To Know About U.S. Sanctions”. U.S. Department of Treasury. Archived from the original on 20 October 2011. Retrieved 24 May 2009.
- ^ Gilligan, Andrew (21 April 2008). “Sikh civil servant who backs ‘martyr’ is now on TfL board” (PDF). Evening Standard. London. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 June 2009.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Bolan, Kim (18 February 2008). “Sikh leader solicits support”. Vancouver Sun. Archived from the original on 3 June 2009.
- ^ “Sikh separatists ‘funded from UK'”. BBC. 4 March 2008. Archived from the original on 14 December 2021. Retrieved 24 April 2008.
- Bibliography
- Axel, Brian Keith (2001), The nation’s Tortured Body: Violence, representation, and the formation of a Sikh “Diaspora”, Duke University Press, ISBN 978-0-8223-2615-1
- Behera, Navnita Chadha (2007), Demystifying Kashmir, Pearson Education India, ISBN 978-8131708460
- Deol, Harnik (2000), Religion and Nationalism in India: The case of the Punjab, Routledge, ISBN 978-0-415-20108-7
- Fair, C. Christine (2005), “Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies: Insights from the Khalistan and Tamil Eelam Movements”, Nationalism and Ethnic Politics, 11: 125–156, doi:10.1080/13537110590927845, S2CID 145552863
- Ghosh, Srikanta (1997), Indian Democracy Derailed – Politics and Politicians, APH Publishing, ISBN 978-81-7024-866-8, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 16 August 2019
- Haqqani, Husain (2010), Pakistan: Between Mosque and Military, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, ISBN 978-0-87003-285-1
- Jodhka, Surinder S. (21 April 2001), “Looking Back at the Khalistan Movement: Some Recent Researches on Its Rise and Decline”, Economic and Political Weekly, 36 (16): 1311–1318
- Jolly, Surjit (1988), Sikh Revivalist Movements, Gitanjali Publishing House, ISBN 978-81-85060-23-1, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 24 December 2018
- Mahmood, Cynthia Keppley (1996), Fighting for Faith and Nation, Series in Contemporary Ethnography, University of Pennsylvania Press, ISBN 978-0-8122-1592-2, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 29 August 2020
- Nayar, Kuldip; Singh, Kushwant (1985), Tragedy of Punjab, Vision Books, ISBN 1-85127-069-8, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 24 December 2018
- Pettigrew, Joyce (1995), The Sikhs of the Punjab: Unheard Voices of State and Guerrilla Violence, Zed Books, ISBN 978-1-85649-355-0
- Shah, Mehtab Ali (1997), The Foreign Policy of Pakistan: Ethnic Impacts on Diplomacy 1971–1994, I.B.Tauris, ISBN 978-1-86064-169-5
- Shani, Giorgio (2005), “Beyond Khalistan? Sikh diasporic identity and critical international theory1”, Sikh Formations, 1 (1): 57–74, doi:10.1080/17448720500132565, S2CID 145300683
- Shani, Giorgio (2008), Sikh Nationalism and Identity in a Global Age, Routledge, ISBN 978-0-415-42190-4, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 24 December 2018
- Singh, Gurharpal (2000), Ethnic Conflict in India: A Case-Study of Punjab, Palgrave Macmillan UK, ISBN 978-0-333-98177-1, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 3 December 2018
- Sirrs, Owen L. (2016). Pakistan’s Inter-Services Intelligence Directorate: Covert Action and Internal Operations. Routledge. p. 167. ISBN 978-1-317-19609-9.
- Tambiah, Stanley Jeyaraja (1996), Leveling Crowds: Ethnonationalist conflicts and collective violence in South Asia, University of California Press, ISBN 978-0-520-20642-7, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 24 December 2018
- Talbot, Ian (2000), India and Pakistan: Inventing the Nation, Bloomsbury Academic, ISBN 978-0-340-70633-6, archived from the original on 7 February 2023, retrieved 3 December 2018
- Van Dyke, Virginia (2009), “The Khalistan Movement in Punjab, India, and the Post-Militancy Era: Structural Change and New Political Compulsions”, Asian Survey, 49 (6): 975–997, doi:10.1525/as.2009.49.6.975
- References
- Citations
- ^ Shah, Murtaza Ali (27 January 2022). “Khalistan flag installed on Gandhi Statue in Washington”. Geo News. Archived from the original on 31 July 2022. Retrieved 31 July 2022.
- ^ Kinnvall, Catarina (24 January 2007). “Situating Sikh and Hindu Nationalism in India”. Globalization and Religious Nationalism in India: The Search for Ontological Security. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-13-413570-7. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 14 August 2015.
- ^ Crenshaw, Martha, 1995, Terrorism in Context, Pennsylvania State University, ISBN 978-0-271-01015-1 p. 364
- ^ Canton, Naomi (10 June 2022). “Banned SFJ leader unveils ‘Khalistan map’, with Shimla as ‘capital’, before Pak press in Lahore”. The Times of India. Archived from the original on 10 February 2023. Retrieved 26 March 2023.
- ^ Mehtab Ali Shah, The Foreign Policy of Pakistan 1997, pp. 24–25.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Axel, Brian Keith (2001). The Nation’s Tortured Body: Violence, Representation, and the Formation of a Sikh “Diaspora”. Duke University Press. p. 84. ISBN 978-0-8223-2615-1. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
The call for a Sikh homeland was first made in the 1930s, addressed to the quickly dissolving empire.
- ^ Shani, Giorgio (2007). Sikh Nationalism and Identity in a Global Age. Routledge. p. 51. ISBN 978-1-134-10189-4. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
However, the term Khalistan was first coined by Dr V.S. Bhatti to denote an independent Sikh state in March 1940. Dr Bhatti made the case for a separate Sikh state in a pamphlet entitled ‘Khalistan’ in response to the Muslim League’s Lahore Resolution.
- ^ Bianchini, Stefano; Chaturvedi, Sanjay; Ivekovic, Rada; Samaddar, Ranabir (2004). Partitions: Reshaping States and Minds. Routledge. p. 121. ISBN 978-1-134-27654-7. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
Around the same time, a pamphlet of about forty pages, entitled ‘Khalistan’, and authored by medical doctor, V.S. Bhatti, also appeared.
- ^ Gupta, Shekhar; Subramanian, Nirupaman (15 December 1993). “You can’t get Khalistan through military movement: Jagat Singh Chouhan”. India Today. Archived from the original on 4 February 2021. Retrieved 29 November 2019.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d “New brand of Sikh militancy: Suave, tech-savvy pro-Khalistan youth radicalised on social media”. Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 4 March 2021. Retrieved 27 April 2018.
- ^ Jump up to:a b “India gives Trudeau list of suspected Sikh separatists in Canada”. Reuters. 22 February 2018. Archived from the original on 3 February 2021. Retrieved 22 May 2018.
The Sikh insurgency petered out in the 1990s. He told state leaders his country would not support anyone trying to reignite the movement for an independent Sikh homeland called Khalistan.
- ^ Fair, C. Christine (2005). “Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies: Insights from the Khalistan and Tamil Eelam Movements”. Nationalism and Ethnic Politics. 11: 125–156. doi:10.1080/13537110590927845. ISSN 1353-7113. S2CID 145552863.
- ^ Weisman, Steven R. “A Top Indian General is Assassinated”, Seattle Post-Intelligencer, 11 August 1986.
- ^ “The Vaidya Murder Case: Confirming Death Sentences”, India Abroad. (New York edition). New York, N.Y.: 24 July 1992. Vol.XXII, Issue. 43; pg.20.
- ^ “Punjab on edge over hanging of Beant Singh’s killer Bhai Balwant Singh Rajoana”. India Today. 28 March 2012. Archived from the original on 29 March 2012. Retrieved 28 March 2012.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f g h Van Dyke, The Khalistan Movement (2009), p. 990.
- ^ Ali, Haider (6 June 2018). “Mass protests erupt around Golden Temple complex as pro-Khalistan sikhs mark Blue Star anniversary”. Daily Pakistan. Archived from the original on 6 July 2020. Retrieved 25 June 2018.
- ^ “UK: Pakistani-origin lawmaker leads protests in London to call for Kashmir, Khalistan freedom”. Scroll. 27 January 2018. Archived from the original on 3 February 2021. Retrieved 29 June 2018.
- ^ Bhattacharyya, Anirudh (5 June 2017). “Pro-Khalistan groups plan event in Canada to mark Operation Bluestar anniversary”. Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 4 February 2021. Retrieved 6 July 2018.
- ^ Majumdar, Ushinor. “Sikh Extremists in Canada, The UK And Italy Are Working With ISI Or Independently”. Outlook India. Archived from the original on 20 July 2019. Retrieved 8 June 2018.
Q. Is it clear which “foreign hand” is driving this entire nexus? A. Evidence gathered by the police and other agencies points to the ISI as the key perpetrator of extremism in Punjab. (Amarinder Singh Indian Punjab Chief Minister)
- ^ “Simranjit Singh Mann stokes row, dedicates Sangrur win to Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale: Know about pro-Khalistan leader”, Firstpost, 27 June 2022, archived from the original on 27 June 2022, retrieved 27 June 2022
- ^ “Sangrur Bypoll Results Live: AAP loses Bhagwant Mann’s seat, SAD-A wins by 6,800 votes”, Hindustan Times, 26 June 2022, archived from the original on 26 June 2022, retrieved 26 June 2022
- ^ Wallace, Paul (1986). “The Sikhs as a “Minority” in a Sikh Majority State in India”. Asian Survey. 26 (3): 363–377. doi:10.2307/2644197. ISSN 0004-4687. JSTOR 2644197.
Over 8,000,000 of India’s 10,378,979 Sikhs were concentrated in Punjab
- ^ Jolly, Sikh Revivalist Movements (1988), p. 6.
- ^ Purewal, Navtej K. (2017). Living on the Margins: Social Access to Shelter in Urban South Asia. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-351-74899-5. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
The wrangling between various Sikh groupings were resolved by the nineteenth century when Maharajah Ranjit Singh unified the Punjab from Peshawar t the Sutluj River.
- ^ Panton, Kenneth J. (2015). Historical Dictionary of the British Empire. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 470. ISBN 978-0-8108-7524-1. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
A second conflict, just two years later, led to complete subjugation of the Sikhs and the incorporation of the remainder of their lands
- ^ Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 127.
- ^ Axel, Brian Keith (2001). The Nation’s Tortured Body: Violence, Representation, and the Formation of a Sikh “Diaspora”. Duke University Press. p. 85. ISBN 978-0-8223-2615-1. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
The Akalis viewed the Lahore Resolution and the Cripps Mission as a betrayal of the Sikhs and an attempt to usurp what, since the time of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, was historically a Sikh territory.
- ^ Tan, Tai Yong; Kudaisya, Gyanesh (2005) [First published 2000], The Aftermath of Partition in South Asia, Routledge, p. 100, ISBN 978-0-415-28908-5,
The professed intention of the Muslim League to impose a Muslim state on the Punjab (a Muslim majority province) was anathema to the Sikhs … the Sikhs launched a virulent campaign against the Lahore Resolution … Sikh leaders of all political persuasions made it clear that Pakistan would be ‘wholeheartedly resisted’.
- ^ Axel, Brian Keith (2001). The Nation’s Tortured Body: Violence, Representation, and the Formation of a Sikh “Diaspora”. Duke University Press. p. 84. ISBN 978-0-8223-2615-1. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
Against the nationalist ideology of a united India, which called for all groups to set aside “communal” differences, the Shiromani Akali Dal Party of the 1930s rallied around the proposition of a Sikh panth (community) that was separate from Hindus and Muslims.
- ^ Shani, Giorgio (2007). Sikh Nationalism and Identity in a Global Age. Routledge. p. 52. ISBN 978-1-134-10189-4. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
Khalistan was imagined as a theocratic state, a mirror-image of ‘Muslim’ Pakistan, led by the Maharaja of Patiala with the aid of a cabinet consisting of representing federating units.
- ^ Shah, Mehtab Ali (1997), The Foreign Policy of Pakistan: Ethnic Impacts on Diplomacy 1971–1994, I.B.Tauris, ISBN 978-1-86064-169-5, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 5 October 2020
- ^ Hill, K.; Seltzer, W.; Leaning, J.; Malik, S.J.; Russell, S. S.; Makinson, C. (2003), A Demographic Case Study of Forced Migration: The 1947 Partition of India, Harvard University Asia Center, archived from the original on 6 December 2008
- ^ McLeod, W. H. (1989), The Sikhs: History, Religion, and Society, Columbia University Press, ISBN 978-0-231-06815-4
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 129.
- ^ “Gurudwaras Outside of Punjab State”. Gateway To Sikhism. 30 November 1999. Archived from the original on 2 March 2021. Retrieved 17 October 2020.
- ^ Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 130.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d e Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 128.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 134.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f g h Jetly, Rajshree. 2006. “The Khalistan Movement in India: The Interplay of Politics and State Power.” International Review of Modern Sociology 34(1):61–62. JSTOR 41421658.
- ^ “Hindu-Sikh relations – I”. The Tribune. Chandigarh, India: Tribuneindia.com. 3 November 2003. Archived from the original on 5 June 2011.
- ^ Chawla, Muhammad Iqbal. 2017. The Khalistan Movement of 1984: A Critical Appreciation.
- ^ “The Punjab Reorganisation Act, 1966” (PDF). Government of India. 18 September 1966. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 January 2012.
- ^ Stanley Wolpert (2005). India. University of California Press. p. 216. ISBN 9780520246966. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 11 March 2023.
- ^ Mitra, Subrata K. (2007), The Puzzle of India’s Governance: Culture, Context and Comparative Theory, Advances in South Asian Studies: Routledge, p. 94, ISBN 978-1-134-27493-2, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 6 March 2018
- ^ Singh, Khushwant (2004), “The Anandpur Sahib Resolution and Other Akali Demands”, A History of the Sikhs: Volume 2: 1839–2004, Oxford University Press, doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195673098.001.0001, ISBN 978-0-19-567309-8
- ^ Ray, Jayanta Kumar (2007), Aspects of India’s International Relations, 1700 to 2000: South Asia and the World, Pearson Education India, p. 484, ISBN 978-81-317-0834-7, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 16 August 2019
- ^ Jump up to:a b c Akshayakumar Ramanlal Desai (1991). Expanding Governmental Lawlessness and Organized Struggles. Popular Prakashan. pp. 64–66. ISBN 978-81-7154-529-2.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 135.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d Pandya, Haresh (11 April 2007). “Jagjit Singh Chauhan, Sikh Militant Leader in India, Dies at 80”. The New York Times. Archived from the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 17 February 2017.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Axel, The Nation’s Tortured Body (2011), pp. 101–
- ^ Jump up to:a b Gupta, Shekhar; Subramanian, Nirupaman (15 December 1993). “You can’t get Khalistan through military movement: Jagat Singh Chouhan”. India Today. Archived from the original on 4 February 2021. Retrieved 29 November 2019.
- ^ Thomas, Jo (14 June 1984). “London Sikh Assumes Role of Exile Chief”. The New York Times. Archived from the original on 24 October 2018. Retrieved 24 October 2018.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c Dulat, A. S. (13 December 2020). “Genesis of tumultuous period in Punjab”. The Tribune. Chandigarh, India. Archived from the original on 24 June 2021. Retrieved 13 June 2021.
Bhindranwale never raised the demand for Khalistan or went beyond the Akali Anandpur Sahib Resolution, while he himself was prepared for negotiations to the very end.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Stevens, William K. (19 June 1984). “Punjab Raid: Unanswered Questions”. The News York Times. Archived from the original on 24 June 2021. Retrieved 12 June 2021.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d e Chima, Jugdep S (2008), The Sikh Separatist Insurgency in India: Political Leadership and Ethnonationalist Movements, India: Sage Publications, pp. 71–75, ISBN 978-81-321-0538-1, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 5 October 2020
- ^ Sharma, Sanjay (5 June 2011). “Bhajan Lal lived with ‘anti-Sikh, anti-Punjab’ image”. The Times of India. Archived from the original on 10 June 2011.
- ^ Stepan, Alfred; Linz, Juan J.; Yadav, Yogendra (2011), Crafting State-Nations: India and Other Multinational Democracies (Illustrated ed.), JHU Press, p. 97, ISBN 978-0-8018-9723-8, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 5 October 2020
- ^ Ghosh, Srikanta. 1997. Indian Democracy Derailed – Politics and Politicians. APH Publishing. ISBN 978-81-7024-866-8. p. 95.
- ^ Sisson, Mary. 2011. “Sikh Terrorism.” pp. 544–545 in The Sage Encyclopedia of Terrorism (2nd ed.), edited by G. Martin. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. ISBN 978-1-4129-8016-6. doi:10.4135/9781412980173.n368.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Sharma, Mool Chand, and A.K. Sharma, eds. 2004. “Discrimination Based on Religion Archived 24 October 2020 at the Wayback Machine.” pp. 108–110 in Discrimination Based on Sex, Caste, Religion, and Disability. New Delhi: National Council for Teacher Education. Archived from the original on 2 June 2010. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
- ^ Swami, Praveen (16 January 2014). “RAW chief consulted MI6 in build-up to Operation Bluestar”. The Hindu. Chennai, India. Archived from the original on 18 January 2014. Retrieved 9 August 2018.
- ^ Singh, Khushwant. 2004. A History of the Sikhs, Volume II: 1839–2004. New Delhi: Oxford University Press. p. 337.
- ^ Subramanian, L. N. (12 October 2006). “Operation Bluestar, 05 June 1984”. Bharat Rakshak Monitor. 3 (2). Archived from the original on 30 June 2020. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
- ^ Jump up to:a b “Sikh Leader in Punjab Accord Assassinated”. Los Angeles Times. Times Wire Services. 21 August 1985. Archived from the original on 29 January 2016. Retrieved 9 August 2018.
- ^ Tully, Mark; Jacob, Satish (1985). Amritsar: Mrs Gandhi’s Last Battle (5 ed.). J. Cape. p. 147. ISBN 978-0-22-402328-3. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ Wolpert, Stanley A., ed. (2009). “India”. Encyclopædia Britannica.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Gates, Scott; Roy, Kaushik (4 February 2014). “Insurgency and Counter-Insurgency in Punjab”. Unconventional Warfare in South Asia: Shadow Warriors and Counterinsurgency. Ashgate Publishing. p. 167. ISBN 978-1-40-943706-2. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ Diwanji, Amberish K. (4 June 2004). “There is a limit to how much a country can take”. The Rediff Interview/Lieutenant General Kuldip Singh Brar (retired). Rediff.com. Archived from the original on 3 December 2019. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ Walia, Varinder (20 March 2007). “Army reveals startling facts on Bluestar, says Longowal surrendered”. The Tribune. Amristar. Archived from the original on 4 August 2020. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ Jugdep S Chima (2008). The Sikh Separatist Insurgency in India: Political Leadership and Ethnonationalist Movements. Sage Publishing India. pp. 114–. ISBN 978-9351509530. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 13 March 2023.
- ^ White Paper on the Punjab Agitation. New Delhi: Government of India Press. 1984. p. 40. OL 1839009M. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ Karim, Afsir (1991). Counter Terrorism, the Pakistan Factor. Lancer Publishers. pp. 33–36. ISBN 978-8170621270. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 13 March 2023.
- ^ “Pakistan would have recognised Khalistan”. Rediff.com. 3 June 2004. Archived from the original on 29 January 2009. Retrieved 20 June 2006.
- ^ Andrew, Christopher M.; Mitrokhin, Vasili (2005). The Mitrokhin Archive II: The KGB and the World. Allen Lane. p. 336. ISBN 978-0-7139-9359-2. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 30 September 2022.
- ^ Andrew, Christopher (2008). The World Was Going Our Way: The KGB and the Battle for the Third World. DIANE Publishing Company. ISBN 978-1-4223-9312-3. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 30 September 2022.
- ^ Subramanian Swamy (1992). Building a New India: An Agenda for National Renaissance. UBS Publishers’ Distributors. p. 18. ISBN 978-81-85674-21-6. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 6 September 2022.
The 1984 Operation Bluestar became necessary because of the vast disinformation against Sant Bhindranwale by the KGB, and repeated inside Parliament by the Congress Party of India.
- ^ Guidry, John A., Michael D. Kennedy, and Mayer N. Zald, eds. 2000. Globalizations and Social Movements: Culture, Power, and the Transnational Public Sphere. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 978-0-472-06721-3. p. 319.
- ^ Nanavati, G. T. 9 February 2005. “Report of the Justice Nanavati Commission of Inquiry (1984 Anti-Sikh Riots) Archived 3 February 2021 at the Wayback Machine” 1. New Delhi: Ministry of Home Affairs. Archived from the original 27 November 2014. Retrieved 18 May 2020. Also available via People’s Archive of Rural India Archived 7 May 2020 at the Wayback Machine.
- ^ Jump up to:a b “What about the big fish?”. Tehelka. Anant Media. 25 August 2005. Archived from the original on 13 September 2012.
- ^ Singh, Swadesh Bahadur. 31 May 1996. “Cabinet berth for a Sikh.” Indian Express.
- ^ Kumar, Ram Narayan, et al. 2003. Reduced to Ashes: The Insurgency and Human Rights in Punjab. South Asia Forum for Human Rights. p. 43. Available via Committee for Information and Initiative on Punjab.
- ^ In Depth: Air India Archived 18 March 2005 at the Wayback Machine – The Victims, CBC News Online, 16 March 2005
- ^ “Free. Fair. Fearless”. Tehelka. Archived from the original on 12 September 2012.
- ^ “Jagmeet Singh now rejects glorification of Air India bombing mastermind”. CBC News. 15 March 2018. Archived from the original on 2 October 2020. Retrieved 4 August 2020.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c Gilligan, Andrew (21 April 2008). “Ken’s adviser is linked to terror group”. London Evening Standard. Archived from the original on 12 June 2009. Retrieved 26 May 2009.
- ^ Bolan, Kim (9 February 2008). “Air India bombmaker sent to holding centre”. Ottawa Citizen. Archived from the original on 9 November 2012. Retrieved 31 May 2009.
- ^ “Convicted Air India bomb-builder Inderjit Singh Reyat gets bail”. CBC News. 9 July 2008. Archived from the original on 10 July 2008. Retrieved 10 June 2009.
- ^ “Sikh Temple Sit-In Is a Challenge for Punjab.” The New York Times. 2 February 1986.
- ^ Singh, I. (10 July 2012). “Sarbat Khalsa and Gurmata”. SikhNet. Archived from the original on 12 June 2013. Retrieved 15 March 2013.
- ^ “Sant Nirankari Mission”. nirankari.org. Archived from the original on 13 January 2023. Retrieved 13 January 2023.
- ^ “Gunmen Slaughter 32 on Bus in India in Bloodiest Attack of Sikh Campaign”. The Philadelphia Inquirer, 7 July 1987. Page A03.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d Gargan, Edward (10 October 1991). “Envoy of Romania Abducted in India”. The New York Times. Archived from the original on 23 October 2018. Retrieved 17 February 2017.
- ^ Gurharpal Singh, Ethnic Conflict in India (2000), Chapters 8 & 9.
- ^ Gurharpal Singh, Ethnic Conflict in India (2000), Chapter 10.
- ^ “Amnesty International report on Punjab”. Amnesty International. 20 January 2003. Archived from the original on 3 December 2006.
- ^ “The Tribune, Chandigarh, India – Punjab”. Tribuneindia.com. Archived from the original on 5 June 2011. Retrieved 27 September 2015.
- ^ “SAD (A) to contest the coming SGPC elections on Khalistan issue: Mann”. PunjabNewsline.com. 14 January 2010. Archived from the original on 15 July 2011.
- ^ “Balwinder Singh Sandu”. Gallantry Awards. Archived from the original on 31 October 2020. Retrieved 29 October 2020.
- ^ “Gunmen Wound India Ambassador”. Los Angeles Times. 21 August 1991. Archived from the original on 10 October 2012. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ “World Notes India”. Time. 21 October 1991. Archived from the original on 30 September 2007. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ “Secret Injustice: The Harpal Singh Case | Part 1: Flashback”. The Sikh Sentinel. 17 September 2003. Archived from the original on 8 March 2012.
- ^ Talbot, India and Pakistan (2000), p. 272.
- ^ Simmons, Mary Kate (1998). Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization: yearbook. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. p. 187. ISBN 978-90-411-0223-2. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 3 August 2018.
- ^ “Issue Paper INDIA: Sikhs in Punjab 1994–95”. Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada. February 1996. Retrieved 31 May 2009.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d “U.S. Court Convicts Khalid Awan for Supporting Khalistan Commando Force”. The United States Attorney’s Office. 20 December 2006. Archived from the original on 15 January 2012. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ Mahmood, Cynthia. 5 May 1997. “Fax to Ted Albers.” Orono, Maine: Resource Information Center.
- ^ Documentation, Information and Research Branch. 17 February 1997. “India: Information from four specialists on the Punjab, Response to Information Request #IND26376.EX.” Ottawa: Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada.
- ^ “Protecting the Killers: A Policy of Impunity in Punjab, India: I. Summary”. Human Rights Watch. 9 October 2006. Archived from the original on 12 October 2008. Retrieved 11 January 2010.
- ^ Special Broadcasting Service:: Dateline – presented by George Negus Archived 28 August 2008 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ “The Hindu: Opinion / News Analysis: Is justice possible without looking for the truth?”. The Hindu. 9 September 2005. Archived from the original on 22 May 2008.
- ^ “India: A vital opportunity to end impunity in Punjab”. Amnesty International USA. Archived from the original on 25 June 2009.
- ^ “ASW”. Human Rights Watch. 1992. Archived from the original on 12 October 2012. Retrieved 11 January 2010.
- ^ “India: Time to Deliver Justice for Atrocities in Punjab”. Human Rights Watch. 18 October 2007. Archived from the original on 13 January 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ “Document – India: Break the cycle of impunity and torture in Punjab | Amnesty International”. Amnesty International. 2003. Archived from the original on 12 June 2011. Retrieved 11 January 2010.
- ^ Sehgal, Manjeet (23 September 2019). “Punjab: Four Khalistan Zindabad Force terrorists arrested in Taran Taran”. India Today. Archived from the original on 15 December 2019. Retrieved 27 December 2019.
- ^ Service, Tribune News. “NIA demands custody of 4 in Tarn Taran blast case”. Tribuneindia News Service. Archived from the original on 27 December 2019. Retrieved 27 December 2019.
- ^ Punj, Balbair (16 June 2005). “The Ghost of Khalistan”. The Sikh Times. Archived from the original on 4 December 2018. Retrieved 23 January 2007.
- ^ “Terror attacks in Punjab being planned by pro-Khalistan outfits with Pak’s support: Intelligence sources”. DNA India. 26 December 2019. Archived from the original on 27 December 2019. Retrieved 27 December 2019.
- ^ Nanjappa, Vicky (26 December 2019). “High alert declared after IB picks up intercepts on possible terror attack in Punjab”. Oneindia. Archived from the original on 27 December 2019. Retrieved 27 December 2019.
- ^ “Official Resolutions From Sarbat Khalsa 2015”. Sikh24.com. 11 November 2015. Archived from the original on 12 November 2015. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
- ^ “Khalistan slogans raised as Mann comes to meet Khalsa”. The Indian Express. 25 July 2015. Archived from the original on 27 August 2015. Retrieved 14 August 2015.
- ^ “Probable Resurgence of the Khalistan Movement: Role of the Sikh Diaspora – Science, Technology and Security forum”. stsfor.org. Archived from the original on 16 October 2015. Retrieved 2 April 2023.
- ^ “Responses to Information Requests”. irb-cisr.gc.ca. 5 June 2018. Archived from the original on 14 August 2019. Retrieved 14 August 2019.
- ^ “Pro-Khalistan slogans raised on Bluestar anniversary in Punjab”. Deccan Herald. 6 June 2015. Archived from the original on 25 July 2015. Retrieved 14 August 2015.
- ^ “Pro-Khalistan slogans raised during Punjab CM Parkash Singh Badal’s function”. The Indian Express. 26 July 2015. Archived from the original on 29 August 2015. Retrieved 14 August 2015.
- ^ Kumar, Ram Narayan (1997), The Sikh unrest and the Indian state: politics, personalities, and historical retrospective, Ajanta, ISBN 978-81-202-0453-9 quoted in Rediff On the Net Archived 15 August 2018 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Pettigrew, The Sikhs of the Punjab (1995), pp. 188–197.
- ^ Van Dyke, The Khalistan Movement (2009), p. 992.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Van Dyke, The Khalistan Movement (2009), p. 991.
- ^ Jump up to:a b “No chance of another Khalistan movement in Punjab: Defence experts”. Hindustan Times. ANI. 19 March 2016. Archived from the original on 6 May 2018. Retrieved 5 May 2018.
- ^ Dhillon, Simrat (December 2007). “The Sikh Diaspora and the Quest for Khalistan: A Search for Statehood or for Self-preservation?” (PDF). Institute of Peace and Conflict Studies. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 August 2019. Retrieved 26 May 2009.
- ^ Anand, Nisha. “Australian police releases pics of 6 men involved in Khalistan referendum brawl”. Hindustan Times.
- ^ “Brawl breaks out over Khalistan referendum in Australia; India raises concerns with authorities”. The Indian Express. 30 January 2023. Retrieved 13 October 2024.
- ^ “‘Appalled’: Australian envoy on attack by Khalistan elements on pro-India groups”. Hindustan Times.
- ^ “Police investigating attack on Brampton radio host after remarks on Punjabi actor”. The Globe and Mail. 24 February 2022. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
He told police he was approached near his Brampton studio Wednesday afternoon by three men who were shouting support for Mr. Sidhu, who was also a Sikh activist. “One of them pulled a gun on me, and the other hit me on the head with a beer bottle,” he told The Globe and Mail.
- ^ “‘Bhindranwale 2.0’: Radical Khalistan Sympathiser Amritpal Singh Active in Punjab”. NDTV News. Archived from the original on 24 February 2023. Retrieved 24 February 2023.
Often escorted by armed supporters and donning a flowing white ‘chola’ and a navy-blue turban, radical preacher and Khalistan sympathiser Amritpal Singh has been very active for some time in Punjab.
- ^ Sethi, Chitleen K. (23 February 2023). “Radical activist Amritpal storms Ajnala police station with supporters, secures aide’s release”. ThePrint. Archived from the original on 24 February 2023. Retrieved 24 February 2023.
- ^ “Radical preacher Amritpal Singh issue: Habeas corpus petition moved in HC seeking his ‘release'”. The Financial Express. Archived from the original on 19 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
- ^ [137][138][139]
- ^ “Deep Sidhu disliked Amritpal Singh, blocked his phone”. Tribune India. Archived from the original on 10 February 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ Matharu, Sonal (25 October 2022). “Fiery orator, ‘Bhindranwale 2.0’ – who’s Amritpal Singh, new ‘head’ of Deep Sidhu’s Waris Punjab De”. ThePrint. Archived from the original on 16 November 2022. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “The rise and fall of Amritpal Singh”. Tribune India. Archived from the original on 20 March 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “Unaware how Amritpal Singh declared himself head of ‘Waris Punjab De’, says Deep Sidhu’s kin”. Financialexpress. 24 February 2023. Archived from the original on 19 March 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “Amritpal Singh: Amrit Sanchar to focus on ‘de-addiction’ of youth”. Tribune India. Archived from the original on 16 November 2022. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “‘Khalistan shouldn’t be seen as…’: Amritpal Singh as Toofan to be freed today”. Hindustan Times. 24 February 2023. Archived from the original on 24 February 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “Amritpal Singh | A radical preacher”. The Hindu. 25 February 2023. ISSN 0971-751X. Archived from the original on 31 March 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ Mogul, Rhea (22 March 2023). “Khalistan: The outlawed Sikh separatist movement that has Indian authorities on edge”. CNN. Archived from the original on 23 March 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “‘Waris Punjab De’ chief Amritpal Singh arrested from Punjab’s Moga under NSA; shifted to Assam’s Dibrugarh jail”. The Hindu. 23 April 2023. ISSN 0971-751X. Archived from the original on 23 April 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “Watch: Sikhs attack Indian consulate in San Francisco, raise Khalistani flag to protest against crackdown on Amritpal Singh”. Free Press Journal. 20 March 2023. Archived from the original on 21 March 2023. Retrieved 21 March 2023.
- ^ Simon Little; Julie Nolin. “Journalist allegedly assaulted as Punjab tensions spill over into B.C.” Global News. Archived from the original on 21 March 2023. Retrieved 21 March 2023.
- ^ “Indian High Commission: Diplomat summoned after London protest”. BBC News. 20 March 2023. Archived from the original on 25 June 2023. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
- ^ “Amritpal Singh’s brother-in-law key accused in attack on Indian high commission in Canada”. Hindustan Times. 24 June 2023. Archived from the original on 5 July 2023. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
- ^ “Pro-Khalistan protesters tried to set on fire India’s consulate in San Francisco”. The Tribune India. Archived from the original on 25 June 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “Senior Indian journalist attacked by pro-Khalistanis outside Indian Embassy in Washington”. Deccan Herald. 26 March 2023. Archived from the original on 25 June 2023. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
- ^ “Journalist allegedly assaulted as Punjab tensions spill over into B.C.” Global News. Archived from the original on 21 March 2023. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
- ^ “Journalist allegedly assaulted as Punjab tensions spill over into B.C.” Global News. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
- ^ “‘Mr Taranjit Singh Sandhu…’: Khalistan supporter threatens Indian envoy to US | Watch”. Hindustan Times. 26 March 2023. Archived from the original on 27 June 2023. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
- ^ Anirudh Bhattacharyya (27 April 2018). “Canadian police frees Khalistani ‘separatist’ Hardeep Nijjar after 24 hours in custody”. Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 21 September 2023. Retrieved 19 September 2023.
- ^ “2nd attack since March: Indian consulate set on fire in San Francisco; US condemns violence”. The Times of India. 4 July 2023. ISSN 0971-8257. Archived from the original on 4 July 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ Jump up to:a b “US condemns vandalism, attempted arson against Indian Consulate in San Francisco”. Tribune India. Archived from the original on 4 July 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “US condemns vandalism at Indian consulate in San Francisco”. Reuters. 4 July 2023. Archived from the original on 4 July 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “‘Heated’ demonstration at Indian consulate in Toronto sees one arrested”. The Globe and Mail. 9 July 2023. Archived from the original on 14 July 2023. Retrieved 14 July 2023.
Some online posters ahead of the event said “Kill India” and suggested, without evidence, that Indian diplomats played a role in Mr. Nijjar’s death.
- ^ “A year after Hardeep Singh Nijjar’s death, mysteries remain about how he really lived”. The Globe and Mail. 22 June 2024. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
- ^ “Pro-Khalistani Group in Toronto Glorifies Beant Singh’s Killer, Indian Authorities to Raise Issue With Canada | EXCLUSIVE”. News18. 2 September 2024. Retrieved 13 October 2024.
- ^ “Canada: Pro-Khalistan rallies feature floats celebrating 1995 Beant Singh bombing”. Business Today. 1 September 2024. Retrieved 13 October 2024.
- ^ “‘I will not be silenced’: Calgary radio host attack caught on CCTV”. Global News. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
- ^ “Calgary radio host speaks out after being attacked outside banquet hall”. Global News. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
- ^ “Indo-Canadian mediaperson, attacked by two persons, blames ‘pro-Khalistan’ elements”. Hindustan Times.
- ^ “Calgary police investigating weekend assault of radio host”. CTV News Calgary. 1 October 2024. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
- ^ “Radio journalist says he was assaulted in attack over news coverage”. Calgary Herald.
City police are seeking two suspects in an assault on a well-known radio journalist in Calgary’s northeast that apparently targeted his reporting on crime issues within the Sikh community.
- ^ “Calgary police probe assault of RED FM news director”. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation.
Staff Sgt. John Guigon said Nagar was struck in the head but was not seriously hurt, and that the incident was captured on video. “It was not a pleasant situation,” he said.”[It is] particularly troubling to us when a member of the media gets attacked in a democracy…. We’re throwing resources at it.”
- ^ [167][168][169][170][171][172]
- ^ Sharma, Abhinav (3 October 2024). “Canadian radio journalist Rishi Nagar attacked by Khalistani groups in Canada”. Diya TV. Retrieved 4 October 2024.
A group of men supportive of the Khalistan separatist movement violently assaulted Canada-based RED FM News Director Rishi Nagar allegedly for refusing to align with their agenda.
- ^ Moharib, Nadia (30 September 2024). “Man threatened outside NE temple, two arrested: Calgary police”. CityNews Calgary. Retrieved 11 October 2024.
- ^ Bradley, Jonathan (1 October 2024). “RED FM Calgary host says attack will not stop his journalism”. Western Standard. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
- ^ Bradley, Jonathan (2 October 2024). “UPDATED: Poilievre, Smith say they are disturbed by attack on RED FM Calgary host”. Western Standard. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
- ^ “Journalists reporting against Khalistan groups under attack in Canada, says Indian-origin MP”. The Tribune. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
- ^ O’Brien, Raju Mudhar, Abby (9 November 2024). “‘This is not a Hindu and Sikh battle’: The complex history behind protests that erupted at Brampton temples this week over Indian consular visits”. Toronto Star. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
In another video, individuals holding pro-Khalistan flagpoles can be seen running onto the property, striking those inside the perimeter with them. A chaotic scene ensues.
- ^ Aguilar, Bryann (3 November 2024). “Police increase their presence at Hindu temple in Brampton after protest”. CP24. Retrieved 3 November 2024.
- ^ ICI.Radio-Canada.ca, Zone Justice et faits divers- (4 November 2024). “3 arrested and charged after protest at Brampton Hindu temple, police say”. Radio-Canada.ca (in Canadian French). Retrieved 4 November 2024.
- ^ O’Brien, Raju Mudhar, Abby (9 November 2024). “‘This is not a Hindu and Sikh battle’: The complex history behind protests that erupted at Brampton temples this week over Indian consular visits”. Toronto Star. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
The clash saw three people arrested and an off-duty police officer who participated in the protest, Sergeant Harinder Sohi, suspended.
- ^ “Peel cop suspended after participating in protest outside Hindu temple”. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation.
- ^ “Who Is The Suspended Cop Harinder Sohi And What Happened At The Pro-Khalistan Protest?”. TheDailyGuardian. Retrieved 4 November 2024.
- ^ O’Brien, Raju Mudhar, Abby (9 November 2024). “‘This is not a Hindu and Sikh battle’: The complex history behind protests that erupted at Brampton temples this week over Indian consular visits”. Toronto Star. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
The video then appears to show one of the officers breaking away from his colleagues, running onto temple property, and repeatedly striking an individual. When reached for comment, Peel police said it was aware of the video and was looking into it.
- ^ “Video: Canadian cop punches Hindu man protesting against pro-Khalistan mob attack”. India Today. 4 November 2024. Retrieved 4 November 2024.
- ^ “Fears of more clashes between Sikhs and Hindus in Brampton, Ont., as Canada-India rift spills over into suburbs”. The Globe and Mail. 8 November 2024. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
The Khalistani protesters claimed the event at the Hindu temple Sunday – where Indian consular staff were helping Indian immigrants apply for government pensions – was part of surveillance efforts to keep tabs on pro-Khalistan Sikhs.
- ^ O’Brien, Raju Mudhar, Abby (9 November 2024). “‘This is not a Hindu and Sikh battle’: The complex history behind protests that erupted at Brampton temples this week over Indian consular visits”. Toronto Star. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
It was the presence of Indian Consular officials, who have been visiting communities to help older people in the diaspora who may be entitled to pensions, that prompted SFJ to plan Sunday’s demonstration.
- ^ “Violent clashes erupt outside consular camp at Hindu temple in Canada’s Brampton”. The Hindu. 4 November 2024. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
Most beneficiaries of the consular service organised by the Indian High Commission in Brampton were Sikh members of the Indian diaspora.
- ^ “Fears of more clashes between Sikhs and Hindus in Brampton, Ont., as Canada-India rift spills over into suburbs”. The Globe and Mail. 8 November 2024. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
- ^ O’Brien, Raju Mudhar, Abby (9 November 2024). “‘This is not a Hindu and Sikh battle’: The complex history behind protests that erupted at Brampton temples this week over Indian consular visits”. Toronto Star. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
- ^ Lavoie, Joanna (9 November 2024). “Another person charged following violent demonstrations in Peel Region”. CP24. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
- ^ “Clashes erupted outside a Hindu temple near Toronto. They’re the latest sign of Canada and India’s spiraling relations”. CNN.
- ^ Jump up to:a b “Not one of its leaders elected since 1999, SAD (Amritsar) still contests polls demanding Khalistan”. The Indian Express. 22 January 2022. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
Headed by former MP Simranjit Singh Mann, a retired IPS officer, SAD (Amritsar) is the only party which still contests the elections in Punjab with demand for a separate Khalistan.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Takkar, Jatin (4 June 2024). “Pro-Khalistan separatists Amritpal and Sarabjeet lead over rivals”. The Economic Times. ISSN 0013-0389. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
- ^ Sethi, Chitleen K. (5 June 2024). “Amritpal, Sarabjeet Singh Khalsa — Sikh radicals’ poll victories pose challenge for Mann govt”. ThePrint. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
Amritpal Singh won from Khadoor Sahib by biggest margin this election in Punjab & Beant Singh’s son Khalsa won in Faridkot. But, Simranjit Singh Mann lost his Sangrur seat.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c “General Election to Parliamentary Constituencies: Trends & Results June-2024”. Election Commission of India.
- ^ “Father didn’t care and laid down his life, Sikh community pulled family through troubled times: Sarabjit Singh Khalsa”. The Economic Times. 6 June 2024. ISSN 0013-0389. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
Six-year-old Sarabjit when his father Beant Singh, a Delhi police SI who was part of the PM’s security detail, along with another of her bodyguards, Satwant Singh, assassinated Indira Gandhi in October 1984.
- ^ Pettigrew, The Sikhs of the Punjab (1995), p. 24.
- ^ Aggarwal, J. C.; Agrawal, S. P. (1992), Modern History of Punjab, Concept Publishing Company, p. 117, ISBN 978-81-7022-431-0
- ^ Jump up to:a b Puri, Harish K., Paramjit Singh Judge, and Jagrup Singh Sekhon. 1999. Terrorism in Punjab: Understanding Grassroots Reality. New Delhi: Har-Anand Publications. pp. 68–71.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 133.
- ^ Jump up to:a b “Council Common Position 2005/427/CFSP of 6 June 2005 updating Common Position 2001/931/CFSP on the application of specific measures to combat terrorism and repealing Common Position 2005/220/CFSP” (PDF). European Union. 6 June 2005. p. 5. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 June 2013. Retrieved 31 May 2009.
- ^ “Currently listed entities (terrorist organizations-ed)”. Public Safety Canada. Archived from the original on 26 June 2009. Retrieved 31 May 2009.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f Milewski, Terry (28 June 2007). “Sikh politics in Canada. Symbols and suits. Sikh extremism enters mainstream Canadian politics”. CBC. Archived from the original on 1 June 2009. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ Jump up to:a b “Proscribed terrorist groups”. UK Office for Security and Counter Terrorism. Archived from the original on 15 June 2009. Retrieved 24 May 2009.
- ^ “Terrorist Exclusion List”. U. S. Bureau of Counterterrorism and Countering Violent Extremism. 29 December 2004. Archived from the original on 13 May 2009. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ “Appendix F: Countering Terrorism on the Economic Front” (PDF). US Department of State. p. 2. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 November 2020. Retrieved 31 May 2009.
- ^ Mahmood (1996), p. 328
- ^ Martha Crenshaw, ed. (1995), Terrorism in Context, Pennsylvania State University Press, p. 656, ISBN 978-0-271-01015-1, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 29 August 2020
- ^ Atkins, Stephen E. (2004), Encyclopedia of modern worldwide extremists and extremist groups (illustrated ed.), Greenwood Publishing Group, p. 404, ISBN 978-0-313-32485-7, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 26 June 2009
- ^ “Foreign Terrorist Organizations”. U. S. Department of State. 8 April 2008. Archived from the original on 13 May 2009.
- ^ “Law Enforcement Cases: International Narcotics Control Strategy Report: Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs”. US Department of State. March 2008. Archived from the original on 16 August 2019. Retrieved 8 June 2009.
- ^ Office of the Coordinator for Counterterrorism (April 1996). “1995 Patterns of Global Terrorism”. Federation of American Scientists. Archived from the original on 22 January 2009. Retrieved 30 May 2009.
- ^ Pratap, Anita (22 May 1996). “Bus explosion in India kills at least 14: It’s the second bombing in two days”. New Delhi: CNN. Archived from the original on 8 November 2012. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ “CNN – Fatal bomb meant to disrupt – April 21, 1996”. cnn.com. Archived from the original on 8 November 2012. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ “KZF behind Jalandhar blasts”. The Indian Express. 19 June 2006. Archived from the original on 5 June 2009. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ “Patterns of Global Terrorism: 1997 – appendix B”. U. S. Department of State. 1997. Archived from the original on 23 November 2010. Retrieved 25 May 2009.
- ^ Nayar, Kuldip (22 February 1999). “It is fundamentalism again”. Rediff.com. Archived from the original on 5 January 2012. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ Juergensmeyer, Mark (14 October 2004). “From Bhindranwale to Bin Laden: Understanding Religious Violence” (PDF). Self. p. 30. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 July 2011. Retrieved 26 May 2009.
- ^ Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 136.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 132.
- ^ Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 137.
- ^ Downing, John D. H. (2011). Encyclopedia of Social Movement Media. Sage. p. 290. ISBN 978-0-7619-2688-7. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 25 October 2018.
- ^ Simmons, Mary Kate (1998). Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization: yearbook. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. p. 187. ISBN 978-90-411-0223-2. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 5 October 2020.
- ^ Anderson, Edward T. G. (1 January 2024). Hindu Nationalism in the Indian Diaspora: Transnational Politics and British Multiculturalism. Oxford University Press. p. 333. ISBN 978-0-19-778328-3.
- ^ Behera, Demystifying Kashmir (2007), pp. 87–88.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Haqqani, Pakistan Between the Mosque and Military (2010), pp. 270–271.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Sirrs, Pakistan’s Inter-Services Intelligence Directorate (2016), p. 167.
- ^ Haqqani, Pakistan Between the Mosque and Military (2010), p. 272.
- ^ “Canadian gets 14 years for funding terrorists”. The Globe and Mail. 13 September 2007. Archived from the original on 24 September 2021. Retrieved 5 October 2018.
- ^ Nanjappa, Vicky (10 June 2008). “200 Pak organisations raise funds for terror: IB”. Rediff.com. Archived from the original on 22 July 2021. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Markham, James M. (16 June 1984). “India Talks of C.I.A. Role in Unrest”. The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 28 November 2019. Retrieved 28 November 2019.
- ^ “CIA, ISI encouraged Sikh terrorism”. The Times of India. Press Trust of India. 26 July 2007. Archived from the original on 1 April 2020. Retrieved 28 November 2019.
- ^ “US, Pak ISI had a hand in Punjab militancy: Book”. Hindustan Times. 26 July 2007. Archived from the original on 6 February 2021. Retrieved 1 December 2019.
- ^ Nakashima, Ellen; Shih, Gerry; Amanda, Coletta (29 November 2023). “U.S. prosecutors allege assassination plot of Sikh separatist directed by Indian government employee”. The Washington Post. Retrieved 29 November 2023.
- ^ “Sikh extremism spread fast in Canada”. expressindia.com. 23 May 2007. Archived from the original on 14 October 2012. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ “Sikh extremism in Canada mushroomed very quickly”. rediff.com. 23 May 2007. Archived from the original on 28 March 2012. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ Brown, Jim (22 November 2007). “The reign of terror is still there”. Toronto Star. Archived from the original on 12 October 2012. Retrieved 2 September 2017.
- ^ Kay, Jonathan (17 November 2008). “A true Sikh martyr: Jonathan Kay on the 10th anniversary of the assassination of Tara Singh Hayer”. The National Post. Retrieved 7 June 2009.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Bolan, Kim (2006). Loss of Faith: How the Air-India Bombers Got Away With Murder (Paperback ed.). McClelland & Stewart. p. 388 (Chapters 6 and 7). ISBN 978-0-7710-1131-3.
- ^ “Testimony: Babbar Khalsa Ordered Tara Singh Hayer Slaying”. CanWest News Service. 14 December 2003. Archived from the original on 28 September 2011. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ Summers, Chris (2 June 2000). “Call for end to Sikh murder mystery”. BBC News. Archived from the original on 12 November 2013. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ Summers, Chris (17 March 2005). “Call for police to solve Sikh murder”. BBC News. Archived from the original on 7 May 2010. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ “Netfirms | This site is temporarily unavailable”. Worldsikh.ca. Archived from the original on 1 January 2012. Retrieved 27 September 2015.
- ^ Grewal, San (11 July 2007). “Sikh organization sues CBC”. Toronto Star. Archived from the original on 27 January 2020. Retrieved 27 January 2020.
- ^ “Canadian journalist hits out at Sikh extremism”. The Times of India. 1 July 2007.[dead link]
- ^ Morley, Robert. “Sikh Terrorism Enters Politics in Canada”. The Trumpet. Archived from the original on 2 June 2011. Retrieved 25 May 2009.
- ^ Thorne, Barry (6 March 2008). “India PM warns against renewed Sikh extremism”. Radio Netherlands Worldwide. Archived from the original on 10 March 2008.
- ^ Bolan, Kim (11 March 2008). “Sikh separatist threat on rise in Canada: Indian PM warns of resurgent threat in Canada”. Vancouver Sun. Archived from the original on 12 November 2013.
- ^ “Amarinder Singh meets Justin Trudeau and Canada’s ‘Khalistani sympathiser’ minister”. The Times of India. 21 February 2018. Archived from the original on 11 October 2018. Retrieved 8 June 2018.
- ^ Singh, Surjit; Sharma, Anil (21 February 2018). “Khalistan figures in Trudeau-Amarinder talks, Punjab CM hands over list of 9 Canada-based radicals”. Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 8 June 2018.
- ^ Connolly, Amanda. “Jagmeet Singh defends speaking at Sikh separatist rally in 2015”. Global News. Archived from the original on 23 May 2018. Retrieved 22 May 2018.
- ^ “Khalistan no issue either in Canada or Punjab, says Sukhbir Badal”. Hindustan Times. 23 February 2018. Archived from the original on 11 March 2018. Retrieved 11 March 2018.
- ^ Milewski, Terry (September 2020). “Khalistan: A project of Pakistan” (PDF). Macdonald-Laurier Institute. Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 December 2020. Retrieved 4 February 2021.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c Pathi, Krutika (19 September 2023). “India expels Canadian diplomat, escalating tensions after Trudeau accuses India in Sikh’s killing”. AP News. Archived from the original on 19 September 2023. Retrieved 19 September 2023.
- ^ Staff, Star (14 October 2024). “Canada and India each expel six diplomats amid murder investigation of Sikh activist in B.C.” Toronto Star. Retrieved 27 November 2024.
- ^ “Trudeau accuses India in killing of Sikh leader on Canadian soil”. The Globe and Mail. 18 September 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2024.
- ^ “Sikh separatists ‘funded from UK'”. BBC News. 4 March 2008. Archived from the original on 26 March 2012. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ Bassey, Amardeep (26 February 2008). “TRANSCRIPT OF “FILE ON 4″- ‘SIKH GROUPS'” (PDF). BBC News. p. 20. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 February 2022. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ “Foreign Terrorist Organizations”. U. S. Department of State. 8 April 2008. Archived from the original on 13 May 2009.
- ^ “Terrorism: What You Need To Know About U.S. Sanctions”. U.S. Department of Treasury. Archived from the original on 20 October 2011. Retrieved 24 May 2009.
- ^ Gilligan, Andrew (21 April 2008). “Sikh civil servant who backs ‘martyr’ is now on TfL board” (PDF). Evening Standard. London. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 June 2009.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Bolan, Kim (18 February 2008). “Sikh leader solicits support”. Vancouver Sun. Archived from the original on 3 June 2009.
- ^ “Sikh separatists ‘funded from UK'”. BBC. 4 March 2008. Archived from the original on 14 December 2021. Retrieved 24 April 2008.
- Bibliography
- Axel, Brian Keith (2001), The nation’s Tortured Body: Violence, representation, and the formation of a Sikh “Diaspora”, Duke University Press, ISBN 978-0-8223-2615-1
- Behera, Navnita Chadha (2007), Demystifying Kashmir, Pearson Education India, ISBN 978-8131708460
- Deol, Harnik (2000), Religion and Nationalism in India: The case of the Punjab, Routledge, ISBN 978-0-415-20108-7
- Fair, C. Christine (2005), “Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies: Insights from the Khalistan and Tamil Eelam Movements”, Nationalism and Ethnic Politics, 11: 125–156, doi:10.1080/13537110590927845, S2CID 145552863
- Ghosh, Srikanta (1997), Indian Democracy Derailed – Politics and Politicians, APH Publishing, ISBN 978-81-7024-866-8, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 16 August 2019
- Haqqani, Husain (2010), Pakistan: Between Mosque and Military, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, ISBN 978-0-87003-285-1
- Jodhka, Surinder S. (21 April 2001), “Looking Back at the Khalistan Movement: Some Recent Researches on Its Rise and Decline”, Economic and Political Weekly, 36 (16): 1311–1318
- Jolly, Surjit (1988), Sikh Revivalist Movements, Gitanjali Publishing House, ISBN 978-81-85060-23-1, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 24 December 2018
- Mahmood, Cynthia Keppley (1996), Fighting for Faith and Nation, Series in Contemporary Ethnography, University of Pennsylvania Press, ISBN 978-0-8122-1592-2, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 29 August 2020
- Nayar, Kuldip; Singh, Kushwant (1985), Tragedy of Punjab, Vision Books, ISBN 1-85127-069-8, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 24 December 2018
- Pettigrew, Joyce (1995), The Sikhs of the Punjab: Unheard Voices of State and Guerrilla Violence, Zed Books, ISBN 978-1-85649-355-0
- Shah, Mehtab Ali (1997), The Foreign Policy of Pakistan: Ethnic Impacts on Diplomacy 1971–1994, I.B.Tauris, ISBN 978-1-86064-169-5
- Shani, Giorgio (2005), “Beyond Khalistan? Sikh diasporic identity and critical international theory1”, Sikh Formations, 1 (1): 57–74, doi:10.1080/17448720500132565, S2CID 145300683
- Shani, Giorgio (2008), Sikh Nationalism and Identity in a Global Age, Routledge, ISBN 978-0-415-42190-4, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 24 December 2018
- Singh, Gurharpal (2000), Ethnic Conflict in India: A Case-Study of Punjab, Palgrave Macmillan UK, ISBN 978-0-333-98177-1, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 3 December 2018
- Sirrs, Owen L. (2016). Pakistan’s Inter-Services Intelligence Directorate: Covert Action and Internal Operations. Routledge. p. 167. ISBN 978-1-317-19609-9.
- Tambiah, Stanley Jeyaraja (1996), Leveling Crowds: Ethnonationalist conflicts and collective violence in South Asia, University of California Press, ISBN 978-0-520-20642-7, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 24 December 2018
- Talbot, Ian (2000), India and Pakistan: Inventing the Nation, Bloomsbury Academic, ISBN 978-0-340-70633-6, archived from the original on 7 February 2023, retrieved 3 December 2018
- Van Dyke, Virginia (2009), “The Khalistan Movement in Punjab, India, and the Post-Militancy Era: Structural Change and New Political Compulsions”, Asian Survey, 49 (6): 975–997, doi:10.1525/as.2009.49.6.975
- References
- Citations
- ^ Shah, Murtaza Ali (27 January 2022). “Khalistan flag installed on Gandhi Statue in Washington”. Geo News. Archived from the original on 31 July 2022. Retrieved 31 July 2022.
- ^ Kinnvall, Catarina (24 January 2007). “Situating Sikh and Hindu Nationalism in India”. Globalization and Religious Nationalism in India: The Search for Ontological Security. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-13-413570-7. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 14 August 2015.
- ^ Crenshaw, Martha, 1995, Terrorism in Context, Pennsylvania State University, ISBN 978-0-271-01015-1 p. 364
- ^ Canton, Naomi (10 June 2022). “Banned SFJ leader unveils ‘Khalistan map’, with Shimla as ‘capital’, before Pak press in Lahore”. The Times of India. Archived from the original on 10 February 2023. Retrieved 26 March 2023.
- ^ Mehtab Ali Shah, The Foreign Policy of Pakistan 1997, pp. 24–25.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Axel, Brian Keith (2001). The Nation’s Tortured Body: Violence, Representation, and the Formation of a Sikh “Diaspora”. Duke University Press. p. 84. ISBN 978-0-8223-2615-1. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
The call for a Sikh homeland was first made in the 1930s, addressed to the quickly dissolving empire.
- ^ Shani, Giorgio (2007). Sikh Nationalism and Identity in a Global Age. Routledge. p. 51. ISBN 978-1-134-10189-4. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
However, the term Khalistan was first coined by Dr V.S. Bhatti to denote an independent Sikh state in March 1940. Dr Bhatti made the case for a separate Sikh state in a pamphlet entitled ‘Khalistan’ in response to the Muslim League’s Lahore Resolution.
- ^ Bianchini, Stefano; Chaturvedi, Sanjay; Ivekovic, Rada; Samaddar, Ranabir (2004). Partitions: Reshaping States and Minds. Routledge. p. 121. ISBN 978-1-134-27654-7. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
Around the same time, a pamphlet of about forty pages, entitled ‘Khalistan’, and authored by medical doctor, V.S. Bhatti, also appeared.
- ^ Gupta, Shekhar; Subramanian, Nirupaman (15 December 1993). “You can’t get Khalistan through military movement: Jagat Singh Chouhan”. India Today. Archived from the original on 4 February 2021. Retrieved 29 November 2019.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d “New brand of Sikh militancy: Suave, tech-savvy pro-Khalistan youth radicalised on social media”. Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 4 March 2021. Retrieved 27 April 2018.
- ^ Jump up to:a b “India gives Trudeau list of suspected Sikh separatists in Canada”. Reuters. 22 February 2018. Archived from the original on 3 February 2021. Retrieved 22 May 2018.
The Sikh insurgency petered out in the 1990s. He told state leaders his country would not support anyone trying to reignite the movement for an independent Sikh homeland called Khalistan.
- ^ Fair, C. Christine (2005). “Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies: Insights from the Khalistan and Tamil Eelam Movements”. Nationalism and Ethnic Politics. 11: 125–156. doi:10.1080/13537110590927845. ISSN 1353-7113. S2CID 145552863.
- ^ Weisman, Steven R. “A Top Indian General is Assassinated”, Seattle Post-Intelligencer, 11 August 1986.
- ^ “The Vaidya Murder Case: Confirming Death Sentences”, India Abroad. (New York edition). New York, N.Y.: 24 July 1992. Vol.XXII, Issue. 43; pg.20.
- ^ “Punjab on edge over hanging of Beant Singh’s killer Bhai Balwant Singh Rajoana”. India Today. 28 March 2012. Archived from the original on 29 March 2012. Retrieved 28 March 2012.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f g h Van Dyke, The Khalistan Movement (2009), p. 990.
- ^ Ali, Haider (6 June 2018). “Mass protests erupt around Golden Temple complex as pro-Khalistan sikhs mark Blue Star anniversary”. Daily Pakistan. Archived from the original on 6 July 2020. Retrieved 25 June 2018.
- ^ “UK: Pakistani-origin lawmaker leads protests in London to call for Kashmir, Khalistan freedom”. Scroll. 27 January 2018. Archived from the original on 3 February 2021. Retrieved 29 June 2018.
- ^ Bhattacharyya, Anirudh (5 June 2017). “Pro-Khalistan groups plan event in Canada to mark Operation Bluestar anniversary”. Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 4 February 2021. Retrieved 6 July 2018.
- ^ Majumdar, Ushinor. “Sikh Extremists in Canada, The UK And Italy Are Working With ISI Or Independently”. Outlook India. Archived from the original on 20 July 2019. Retrieved 8 June 2018.
Q. Is it clear which “foreign hand” is driving this entire nexus? A. Evidence gathered by the police and other agencies points to the ISI as the key perpetrator of extremism in Punjab. (Amarinder Singh Indian Punjab Chief Minister)
- ^ “Simranjit Singh Mann stokes row, dedicates Sangrur win to Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale: Know about pro-Khalistan leader”, Firstpost, 27 June 2022, archived from the original on 27 June 2022, retrieved 27 June 2022
- ^ “Sangrur Bypoll Results Live: AAP loses Bhagwant Mann’s seat, SAD-A wins by 6,800 votes”, Hindustan Times, 26 June 2022, archived from the original on 26 June 2022, retrieved 26 June 2022
- ^ Wallace, Paul (1986). “The Sikhs as a “Minority” in a Sikh Majority State in India”. Asian Survey. 26 (3): 363–377. doi:10.2307/2644197. ISSN 0004-4687. JSTOR 2644197.
Over 8,000,000 of India’s 10,378,979 Sikhs were concentrated in Punjab
- ^ Jolly, Sikh Revivalist Movements (1988), p. 6.
- ^ Purewal, Navtej K. (2017). Living on the Margins: Social Access to Shelter in Urban South Asia. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-351-74899-5. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
The wrangling between various Sikh groupings were resolved by the nineteenth century when Maharajah Ranjit Singh unified the Punjab from Peshawar t the Sutluj River.
- ^ Panton, Kenneth J. (2015). Historical Dictionary of the British Empire. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 470. ISBN 978-0-8108-7524-1. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
A second conflict, just two years later, led to complete subjugation of the Sikhs and the incorporation of the remainder of their lands
- ^ Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 127.
- ^ Axel, Brian Keith (2001). The Nation’s Tortured Body: Violence, Representation, and the Formation of a Sikh “Diaspora”. Duke University Press. p. 85. ISBN 978-0-8223-2615-1. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
The Akalis viewed the Lahore Resolution and the Cripps Mission as a betrayal of the Sikhs and an attempt to usurp what, since the time of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, was historically a Sikh territory.
- ^ Tan, Tai Yong; Kudaisya, Gyanesh (2005) [First published 2000], The Aftermath of Partition in South Asia, Routledge, p. 100, ISBN 978-0-415-28908-5,
The professed intention of the Muslim League to impose a Muslim state on the Punjab (a Muslim majority province) was anathema to the Sikhs … the Sikhs launched a virulent campaign against the Lahore Resolution … Sikh leaders of all political persuasions made it clear that Pakistan would be ‘wholeheartedly resisted’.
- ^ Axel, Brian Keith (2001). The Nation’s Tortured Body: Violence, Representation, and the Formation of a Sikh “Diaspora”. Duke University Press. p. 84. ISBN 978-0-8223-2615-1. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
Against the nationalist ideology of a united India, which called for all groups to set aside “communal” differences, the Shiromani Akali Dal Party of the 1930s rallied around the proposition of a Sikh panth (community) that was separate from Hindus and Muslims.
- ^ Shani, Giorgio (2007). Sikh Nationalism and Identity in a Global Age. Routledge. p. 52. ISBN 978-1-134-10189-4. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
Khalistan was imagined as a theocratic state, a mirror-image of ‘Muslim’ Pakistan, led by the Maharaja of Patiala with the aid of a cabinet consisting of representing federating units.
- ^ Shah, Mehtab Ali (1997), The Foreign Policy of Pakistan: Ethnic Impacts on Diplomacy 1971–1994, I.B.Tauris, ISBN 978-1-86064-169-5, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 5 October 2020
- ^ Hill, K.; Seltzer, W.; Leaning, J.; Malik, S.J.; Russell, S. S.; Makinson, C. (2003), A Demographic Case Study of Forced Migration: The 1947 Partition of India, Harvard University Asia Center, archived from the original on 6 December 2008
- ^ McLeod, W. H. (1989), The Sikhs: History, Religion, and Society, Columbia University Press, ISBN 978-0-231-06815-4
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 129.
- ^ “Gurudwaras Outside of Punjab State”. Gateway To Sikhism. 30 November 1999. Archived from the original on 2 March 2021. Retrieved 17 October 2020.
- ^ Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 130.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d e Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 128.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 134.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f g h Jetly, Rajshree. 2006. “The Khalistan Movement in India: The Interplay of Politics and State Power.” International Review of Modern Sociology 34(1):61–62. JSTOR 41421658.
- ^ “Hindu-Sikh relations – I”. The Tribune. Chandigarh, India: Tribuneindia.com. 3 November 2003. Archived from the original on 5 June 2011.
- ^ Chawla, Muhammad Iqbal. 2017. The Khalistan Movement of 1984: A Critical Appreciation.
- ^ “The Punjab Reorganisation Act, 1966” (PDF). Government of India. 18 September 1966. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 January 2012.
- ^ Stanley Wolpert (2005). India. University of California Press. p. 216. ISBN 9780520246966. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 11 March 2023.
- ^ Mitra, Subrata K. (2007), The Puzzle of India’s Governance: Culture, Context and Comparative Theory, Advances in South Asian Studies: Routledge, p. 94, ISBN 978-1-134-27493-2, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 6 March 2018
- ^ Singh, Khushwant (2004), “The Anandpur Sahib Resolution and Other Akali Demands”, A History of the Sikhs: Volume 2: 1839–2004, Oxford University Press, doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195673098.001.0001, ISBN 978-0-19-567309-8
- ^ Ray, Jayanta Kumar (2007), Aspects of India’s International Relations, 1700 to 2000: South Asia and the World, Pearson Education India, p. 484, ISBN 978-81-317-0834-7, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 16 August 2019
- ^ Jump up to:a b c Akshayakumar Ramanlal Desai (1991). Expanding Governmental Lawlessness and Organized Struggles. Popular Prakashan. pp. 64–66. ISBN 978-81-7154-529-2.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 135.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d Pandya, Haresh (11 April 2007). “Jagjit Singh Chauhan, Sikh Militant Leader in India, Dies at 80”. The New York Times. Archived from the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 17 February 2017.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Axel, The Nation’s Tortured Body (2011), pp. 101–
- ^ Jump up to:a b Gupta, Shekhar; Subramanian, Nirupaman (15 December 1993). “You can’t get Khalistan through military movement: Jagat Singh Chouhan”. India Today. Archived from the original on 4 February 2021. Retrieved 29 November 2019.
- ^ Thomas, Jo (14 June 1984). “London Sikh Assumes Role of Exile Chief”. The New York Times. Archived from the original on 24 October 2018. Retrieved 24 October 2018.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c Dulat, A. S. (13 December 2020). “Genesis of tumultuous period in Punjab”. The Tribune. Chandigarh, India. Archived from the original on 24 June 2021. Retrieved 13 June 2021.
Bhindranwale never raised the demand for Khalistan or went beyond the Akali Anandpur Sahib Resolution, while he himself was prepared for negotiations to the very end.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Stevens, William K. (19 June 1984). “Punjab Raid: Unanswered Questions”. The News York Times. Archived from the original on 24 June 2021. Retrieved 12 June 2021.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d e Chima, Jugdep S (2008), The Sikh Separatist Insurgency in India: Political Leadership and Ethnonationalist Movements, India: Sage Publications, pp. 71–75, ISBN 978-81-321-0538-1, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 5 October 2020
- ^ Sharma, Sanjay (5 June 2011). “Bhajan Lal lived with ‘anti-Sikh, anti-Punjab’ image”. The Times of India. Archived from the original on 10 June 2011.
- ^ Stepan, Alfred; Linz, Juan J.; Yadav, Yogendra (2011), Crafting State-Nations: India and Other Multinational Democracies (Illustrated ed.), JHU Press, p. 97, ISBN 978-0-8018-9723-8, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 5 October 2020
- ^ Ghosh, Srikanta. 1997. Indian Democracy Derailed – Politics and Politicians. APH Publishing. ISBN 978-81-7024-866-8. p. 95.
- ^ Sisson, Mary. 2011. “Sikh Terrorism.” pp. 544–545 in The Sage Encyclopedia of Terrorism (2nd ed.), edited by G. Martin. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. ISBN 978-1-4129-8016-6. doi:10.4135/9781412980173.n368.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Sharma, Mool Chand, and A.K. Sharma, eds. 2004. “Discrimination Based on Religion Archived 24 October 2020 at the Wayback Machine.” pp. 108–110 in Discrimination Based on Sex, Caste, Religion, and Disability. New Delhi: National Council for Teacher Education. Archived from the original on 2 June 2010. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
- ^ Swami, Praveen (16 January 2014). “RAW chief consulted MI6 in build-up to Operation Bluestar”. The Hindu. Chennai, India. Archived from the original on 18 January 2014. Retrieved 9 August 2018.
- ^ Singh, Khushwant. 2004. A History of the Sikhs, Volume II: 1839–2004. New Delhi: Oxford University Press. p. 337.
- ^ Subramanian, L. N. (12 October 2006). “Operation Bluestar, 05 June 1984”. Bharat Rakshak Monitor. 3 (2). Archived from the original on 30 June 2020. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
- ^ Jump up to:a b “Sikh Leader in Punjab Accord Assassinated”. Los Angeles Times. Times Wire Services. 21 August 1985. Archived from the original on 29 January 2016. Retrieved 9 August 2018.
- ^ Tully, Mark; Jacob, Satish (1985). Amritsar: Mrs Gandhi’s Last Battle (5 ed.). J. Cape. p. 147. ISBN 978-0-22-402328-3. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ Wolpert, Stanley A., ed. (2009). “India”. Encyclopædia Britannica.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Gates, Scott; Roy, Kaushik (4 February 2014). “Insurgency and Counter-Insurgency in Punjab”. Unconventional Warfare in South Asia: Shadow Warriors and Counterinsurgency. Ashgate Publishing. p. 167. ISBN 978-1-40-943706-2. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ Diwanji, Amberish K. (4 June 2004). “There is a limit to how much a country can take”. The Rediff Interview/Lieutenant General Kuldip Singh Brar (retired). Rediff.com. Archived from the original on 3 December 2019. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ Walia, Varinder (20 March 2007). “Army reveals startling facts on Bluestar, says Longowal surrendered”. The Tribune. Amristar. Archived from the original on 4 August 2020. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ Jugdep S Chima (2008). The Sikh Separatist Insurgency in India: Political Leadership and Ethnonationalist Movements. Sage Publishing India. pp. 114–. ISBN 978-9351509530. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 13 March 2023.
- ^ White Paper on the Punjab Agitation. New Delhi: Government of India Press. 1984. p. 40. OL 1839009M. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ Karim, Afsir (1991). Counter Terrorism, the Pakistan Factor. Lancer Publishers. pp. 33–36. ISBN 978-8170621270. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 13 March 2023.
- ^ “Pakistan would have recognised Khalistan”. Rediff.com. 3 June 2004. Archived from the original on 29 January 2009. Retrieved 20 June 2006.
- ^ Andrew, Christopher M.; Mitrokhin, Vasili (2005). The Mitrokhin Archive II: The KGB and the World. Allen Lane. p. 336. ISBN 978-0-7139-9359-2. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 30 September 2022.
- ^ Andrew, Christopher (2008). The World Was Going Our Way: The KGB and the Battle for the Third World. DIANE Publishing Company. ISBN 978-1-4223-9312-3. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 30 September 2022.
- ^ Subramanian Swamy (1992). Building a New India: An Agenda for National Renaissance. UBS Publishers’ Distributors. p. 18. ISBN 978-81-85674-21-6. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 6 September 2022.
The 1984 Operation Bluestar became necessary because of the vast disinformation against Sant Bhindranwale by the KGB, and repeated inside Parliament by the Congress Party of India.
- ^ Guidry, John A., Michael D. Kennedy, and Mayer N. Zald, eds. 2000. Globalizations and Social Movements: Culture, Power, and the Transnational Public Sphere. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 978-0-472-06721-3. p. 319.
- ^ Nanavati, G. T. 9 February 2005. “Report of the Justice Nanavati Commission of Inquiry (1984 Anti-Sikh Riots) Archived 3 February 2021 at the Wayback Machine” 1. New Delhi: Ministry of Home Affairs. Archived from the original 27 November 2014. Retrieved 18 May 2020. Also available via People’s Archive of Rural India Archived 7 May 2020 at the Wayback Machine.
- ^ Jump up to:a b “What about the big fish?”. Tehelka. Anant Media. 25 August 2005. Archived from the original on 13 September 2012.
- ^ Singh, Swadesh Bahadur. 31 May 1996. “Cabinet berth for a Sikh.” Indian Express.
- ^ Kumar, Ram Narayan, et al. 2003. Reduced to Ashes: The Insurgency and Human Rights in Punjab. South Asia Forum for Human Rights. p. 43. Available via Committee for Information and Initiative on Punjab.
- ^ In Depth: Air India Archived 18 March 2005 at the Wayback Machine – The Victims, CBC News Online, 16 March 2005
- ^ “Free. Fair. Fearless”. Tehelka. Archived from the original on 12 September 2012.
- ^ “Jagmeet Singh now rejects glorification of Air India bombing mastermind”. CBC News. 15 March 2018. Archived from the original on 2 October 2020. Retrieved 4 August 2020.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c Gilligan, Andrew (21 April 2008). “Ken’s adviser is linked to terror group”. London Evening Standard. Archived from the original on 12 June 2009. Retrieved 26 May 2009.
- ^ Bolan, Kim (9 February 2008). “Air India bombmaker sent to holding centre”. Ottawa Citizen. Archived from the original on 9 November 2012. Retrieved 31 May 2009.
- ^ “Convicted Air India bomb-builder Inderjit Singh Reyat gets bail”. CBC News. 9 July 2008. Archived from the original on 10 July 2008. Retrieved 10 June 2009.
- ^ “Sikh Temple Sit-In Is a Challenge for Punjab.” The New York Times. 2 February 1986.
- ^ Singh, I. (10 July 2012). “Sarbat Khalsa and Gurmata”. SikhNet. Archived from the original on 12 June 2013. Retrieved 15 March 2013.
- ^ “Sant Nirankari Mission”. nirankari.org. Archived from the original on 13 January 2023. Retrieved 13 January 2023.
- ^ “Gunmen Slaughter 32 on Bus in India in Bloodiest Attack of Sikh Campaign”. The Philadelphia Inquirer, 7 July 1987. Page A03.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d Gargan, Edward (10 October 1991). “Envoy of Romania Abducted in India”. The New York Times. Archived from the original on 23 October 2018. Retrieved 17 February 2017.
- ^ Gurharpal Singh, Ethnic Conflict in India (2000), Chapters 8 & 9.
- ^ Gurharpal Singh, Ethnic Conflict in India (2000), Chapter 10.
- ^ “Amnesty International report on Punjab”. Amnesty International. 20 January 2003. Archived from the original on 3 December 2006.
- ^ “The Tribune, Chandigarh, India – Punjab”. Tribuneindia.com. Archived from the original on 5 June 2011. Retrieved 27 September 2015.
- ^ “SAD (A) to contest the coming SGPC elections on Khalistan issue: Mann”. PunjabNewsline.com. 14 January 2010. Archived from the original on 15 July 2011.
- ^ “Balwinder Singh Sandu”. Gallantry Awards. Archived from the original on 31 October 2020. Retrieved 29 October 2020.
- ^ “Gunmen Wound India Ambassador”. Los Angeles Times. 21 August 1991. Archived from the original on 10 October 2012. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ “World Notes India”. Time. 21 October 1991. Archived from the original on 30 September 2007. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ “Secret Injustice: The Harpal Singh Case | Part 1: Flashback”. The Sikh Sentinel. 17 September 2003. Archived from the original on 8 March 2012.
- ^ Talbot, India and Pakistan (2000), p. 272.
- ^ Simmons, Mary Kate (1998). Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization: yearbook. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. p. 187. ISBN 978-90-411-0223-2. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 3 August 2018.
- ^ “Issue Paper INDIA: Sikhs in Punjab 1994–95”. Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada. February 1996. Retrieved 31 May 2009.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d “U.S. Court Convicts Khalid Awan for Supporting Khalistan Commando Force”. The United States Attorney’s Office. 20 December 2006. Archived from the original on 15 January 2012. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ Mahmood, Cynthia. 5 May 1997. “Fax to Ted Albers.” Orono, Maine: Resource Information Center.
- ^ Documentation, Information and Research Branch. 17 February 1997. “India: Information from four specialists on the Punjab, Response to Information Request #IND26376.EX.” Ottawa: Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada.
- ^ “Protecting the Killers: A Policy of Impunity in Punjab, India: I. Summary”. Human Rights Watch. 9 October 2006. Archived from the original on 12 October 2008. Retrieved 11 January 2010.
- ^ Special Broadcasting Service:: Dateline – presented by George Negus Archived 28 August 2008 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ “The Hindu: Opinion / News Analysis: Is justice possible without looking for the truth?”. The Hindu. 9 September 2005. Archived from the original on 22 May 2008.
- ^ “India: A vital opportunity to end impunity in Punjab”. Amnesty International USA. Archived from the original on 25 June 2009.
- ^ “ASW”. Human Rights Watch. 1992. Archived from the original on 12 October 2012. Retrieved 11 January 2010.
- ^ “India: Time to Deliver Justice for Atrocities in Punjab”. Human Rights Watch. 18 October 2007. Archived from the original on 13 January 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ “Document – India: Break the cycle of impunity and torture in Punjab | Amnesty International”. Amnesty International. 2003. Archived from the original on 12 June 2011. Retrieved 11 January 2010.
- ^ Sehgal, Manjeet (23 September 2019). “Punjab: Four Khalistan Zindabad Force terrorists arrested in Taran Taran”. India Today. Archived from the original on 15 December 2019. Retrieved 27 December 2019.
- ^ Service, Tribune News. “NIA demands custody of 4 in Tarn Taran blast case”. Tribuneindia News Service. Archived from the original on 27 December 2019. Retrieved 27 December 2019.
- ^ Punj, Balbair (16 June 2005). “The Ghost of Khalistan”. The Sikh Times. Archived from the original on 4 December 2018. Retrieved 23 January 2007.
- ^ “Terror attacks in Punjab being planned by pro-Khalistan outfits with Pak’s support: Intelligence sources”. DNA India. 26 December 2019. Archived from the original on 27 December 2019. Retrieved 27 December 2019.
- ^ Nanjappa, Vicky (26 December 2019). “High alert declared after IB picks up intercepts on possible terror attack in Punjab”. Oneindia. Archived from the original on 27 December 2019. Retrieved 27 December 2019.
- ^ “Official Resolutions From Sarbat Khalsa 2015”. Sikh24.com. 11 November 2015. Archived from the original on 12 November 2015. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
- ^ “Khalistan slogans raised as Mann comes to meet Khalsa”. The Indian Express. 25 July 2015. Archived from the original on 27 August 2015. Retrieved 14 August 2015.
- ^ “Probable Resurgence of the Khalistan Movement: Role of the Sikh Diaspora – Science, Technology and Security forum”. stsfor.org. Archived from the original on 16 October 2015. Retrieved 2 April 2023.
- ^ “Responses to Information Requests”. irb-cisr.gc.ca. 5 June 2018. Archived from the original on 14 August 2019. Retrieved 14 August 2019.
- ^ “Pro-Khalistan slogans raised on Bluestar anniversary in Punjab”. Deccan Herald. 6 June 2015. Archived from the original on 25 July 2015. Retrieved 14 August 2015.
- ^ “Pro-Khalistan slogans raised during Punjab CM Parkash Singh Badal’s function”. The Indian Express. 26 July 2015. Archived from the original on 29 August 2015. Retrieved 14 August 2015.
- ^ Kumar, Ram Narayan (1997), The Sikh unrest and the Indian state: politics, personalities, and historical retrospective, Ajanta, ISBN 978-81-202-0453-9 quoted in Rediff On the Net Archived 15 August 2018 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Pettigrew, The Sikhs of the Punjab (1995), pp. 188–197.
- ^ Van Dyke, The Khalistan Movement (2009), p. 992.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Van Dyke, The Khalistan Movement (2009), p. 991.
- ^ Jump up to:a b “No chance of another Khalistan movement in Punjab: Defence experts”. Hindustan Times. ANI. 19 March 2016. Archived from the original on 6 May 2018. Retrieved 5 May 2018.
- ^ Dhillon, Simrat (December 2007). “The Sikh Diaspora and the Quest for Khalistan: A Search for Statehood or for Self-preservation?” (PDF). Institute of Peace and Conflict Studies. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 August 2019. Retrieved 26 May 2009.
- ^ Anand, Nisha. “Australian police releases pics of 6 men involved in Khalistan referendum brawl”. Hindustan Times.
- ^ “Brawl breaks out over Khalistan referendum in Australia; India raises concerns with authorities”. The Indian Express. 30 January 2023. Retrieved 13 October 2024.
- ^ “‘Appalled’: Australian envoy on attack by Khalistan elements on pro-India groups”. Hindustan Times.
- ^ “Police investigating attack on Brampton radio host after remarks on Punjabi actor”. The Globe and Mail. 24 February 2022. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
He told police he was approached near his Brampton studio Wednesday afternoon by three men who were shouting support for Mr. Sidhu, who was also a Sikh activist. “One of them pulled a gun on me, and the other hit me on the head with a beer bottle,” he told The Globe and Mail.
- ^ “‘Bhindranwale 2.0’: Radical Khalistan Sympathiser Amritpal Singh Active in Punjab”. NDTV News. Archived from the original on 24 February 2023. Retrieved 24 February 2023.
Often escorted by armed supporters and donning a flowing white ‘chola’ and a navy-blue turban, radical preacher and Khalistan sympathiser Amritpal Singh has been very active for some time in Punjab.
- ^ Sethi, Chitleen K. (23 February 2023). “Radical activist Amritpal storms Ajnala police station with supporters, secures aide’s release”. ThePrint. Archived from the original on 24 February 2023. Retrieved 24 February 2023.
- ^ “Radical preacher Amritpal Singh issue: Habeas corpus petition moved in HC seeking his ‘release'”. The Financial Express. Archived from the original on 19 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
- ^ [137][138][139]
- ^ “Deep Sidhu disliked Amritpal Singh, blocked his phone”. Tribune India. Archived from the original on 10 February 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ Matharu, Sonal (25 October 2022). “Fiery orator, ‘Bhindranwale 2.0’ – who’s Amritpal Singh, new ‘head’ of Deep Sidhu’s Waris Punjab De”. ThePrint. Archived from the original on 16 November 2022. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “The rise and fall of Amritpal Singh”. Tribune India. Archived from the original on 20 March 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “Unaware how Amritpal Singh declared himself head of ‘Waris Punjab De’, says Deep Sidhu’s kin”. Financialexpress. 24 February 2023. Archived from the original on 19 March 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “Amritpal Singh: Amrit Sanchar to focus on ‘de-addiction’ of youth”. Tribune India. Archived from the original on 16 November 2022. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “‘Khalistan shouldn’t be seen as…’: Amritpal Singh as Toofan to be freed today”. Hindustan Times. 24 February 2023. Archived from the original on 24 February 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “Amritpal Singh | A radical preacher”. The Hindu. 25 February 2023. ISSN 0971-751X. Archived from the original on 31 March 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ Mogul, Rhea (22 March 2023). “Khalistan: The outlawed Sikh separatist movement that has Indian authorities on edge”. CNN. Archived from the original on 23 March 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “‘Waris Punjab De’ chief Amritpal Singh arrested from Punjab’s Moga under NSA; shifted to Assam’s Dibrugarh jail”. The Hindu. 23 April 2023. ISSN 0971-751X. Archived from the original on 23 April 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “Watch: Sikhs attack Indian consulate in San Francisco, raise Khalistani flag to protest against crackdown on Amritpal Singh”. Free Press Journal. 20 March 2023. Archived from the original on 21 March 2023. Retrieved 21 March 2023.
- ^ Simon Little; Julie Nolin. “Journalist allegedly assaulted as Punjab tensions spill over into B.C.” Global News. Archived from the original on 21 March 2023. Retrieved 21 March 2023.
- ^ “Indian High Commission: Diplomat summoned after London protest”. BBC News. 20 March 2023. Archived from the original on 25 June 2023. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
- ^ “Amritpal Singh’s brother-in-law key accused in attack on Indian high commission in Canada”. Hindustan Times. 24 June 2023. Archived from the original on 5 July 2023. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
- ^ “Pro-Khalistan protesters tried to set on fire India’s consulate in San Francisco”. The Tribune India. Archived from the original on 25 June 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “Senior Indian journalist attacked by pro-Khalistanis outside Indian Embassy in Washington”. Deccan Herald. 26 March 2023. Archived from the original on 25 June 2023. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
- ^ “Journalist allegedly assaulted as Punjab tensions spill over into B.C.” Global News. Archived from the original on 21 March 2023. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
- ^ “Journalist allegedly assaulted as Punjab tensions spill over into B.C.” Global News. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
- ^ “‘Mr Taranjit Singh Sandhu…’: Khalistan supporter threatens Indian envoy to US | Watch”. Hindustan Times. 26 March 2023. Archived from the original on 27 June 2023. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
- ^ Anirudh Bhattacharyya (27 April 2018). “Canadian police frees Khalistani ‘separatist’ Hardeep Nijjar after 24 hours in custody”. Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 21 September 2023. Retrieved 19 September 2023.
- ^ “2nd attack since March: Indian consulate set on fire in San Francisco; US condemns violence”. The Times of India. 4 July 2023. ISSN 0971-8257. Archived from the original on 4 July 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ Jump up to:a b “US condemns vandalism, attempted arson against Indian Consulate in San Francisco”. Tribune India. Archived from the original on 4 July 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “US condemns vandalism at Indian consulate in San Francisco”. Reuters. 4 July 2023. Archived from the original on 4 July 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “‘Heated’ demonstration at Indian consulate in Toronto sees one arrested”. The Globe and Mail. 9 July 2023. Archived from the original on 14 July 2023. Retrieved 14 July 2023.
Some online posters ahead of the event said “Kill India” and suggested, without evidence, that Indian diplomats played a role in Mr. Nijjar’s death.
- ^ “A year after Hardeep Singh Nijjar’s death, mysteries remain about how he really lived”. The Globe and Mail. 22 June 2024. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
- ^ “Pro-Khalistani Group in Toronto Glorifies Beant Singh’s Killer, Indian Authorities to Raise Issue With Canada | EXCLUSIVE”. News18. 2 September 2024. Retrieved 13 October 2024.
- ^ “Canada: Pro-Khalistan rallies feature floats celebrating 1995 Beant Singh bombing”. Business Today. 1 September 2024. Retrieved 13 October 2024.
- ^ “‘I will not be silenced’: Calgary radio host attack caught on CCTV”. Global News. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
- ^ “Calgary radio host speaks out after being attacked outside banquet hall”. Global News. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
- ^ “Indo-Canadian mediaperson, attacked by two persons, blames ‘pro-Khalistan’ elements”. Hindustan Times.
- ^ “Calgary police investigating weekend assault of radio host”. CTV News Calgary. 1 October 2024. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
- ^ “Radio journalist says he was assaulted in attack over news coverage”. Calgary Herald.
City police are seeking two suspects in an assault on a well-known radio journalist in Calgary’s northeast that apparently targeted his reporting on crime issues within the Sikh community.
- ^ “Calgary police probe assault of RED FM news director”. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation.
Staff Sgt. John Guigon said Nagar was struck in the head but was not seriously hurt, and that the incident was captured on video. “It was not a pleasant situation,” he said.”[It is] particularly troubling to us when a member of the media gets attacked in a democracy…. We’re throwing resources at it.”
- ^ [167][168][169][170][171][172]
- ^ Sharma, Abhinav (3 October 2024). “Canadian radio journalist Rishi Nagar attacked by Khalistani groups in Canada”. Diya TV. Retrieved 4 October 2024.
A group of men supportive of the Khalistan separatist movement violently assaulted Canada-based RED FM News Director Rishi Nagar allegedly for refusing to align with their agenda.
- ^ Moharib, Nadia (30 September 2024). “Man threatened outside NE temple, two arrested: Calgary police”. CityNews Calgary. Retrieved 11 October 2024.
- ^ Bradley, Jonathan (1 October 2024). “RED FM Calgary host says attack will not stop his journalism”. Western Standard. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
- ^ Bradley, Jonathan (2 October 2024). “UPDATED: Poilievre, Smith say they are disturbed by attack on RED FM Calgary host”. Western Standard. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
- ^ “Journalists reporting against Khalistan groups under attack in Canada, says Indian-origin MP”. The Tribune. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
- ^ O’Brien, Raju Mudhar, Abby (9 November 2024). “‘This is not a Hindu and Sikh battle’: The complex history behind protests that erupted at Brampton temples this week over Indian consular visits”. Toronto Star. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
In another video, individuals holding pro-Khalistan flagpoles can be seen running onto the property, striking those inside the perimeter with them. A chaotic scene ensues.
- ^ Aguilar, Bryann (3 November 2024). “Police increase their presence at Hindu temple in Brampton after protest”. CP24. Retrieved 3 November 2024.
- ^ ICI.Radio-Canada.ca, Zone Justice et faits divers- (4 November 2024). “3 arrested and charged after protest at Brampton Hindu temple, police say”. Radio-Canada.ca (in Canadian French). Retrieved 4 November 2024.
- ^ O’Brien, Raju Mudhar, Abby (9 November 2024). “‘This is not a Hindu and Sikh battle’: The complex history behind protests that erupted at Brampton temples this week over Indian consular visits”. Toronto Star. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
The clash saw three people arrested and an off-duty police officer who participated in the protest, Sergeant Harinder Sohi, suspended.
- ^ “Peel cop suspended after participating in protest outside Hindu temple”. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation.
- ^ “Who Is The Suspended Cop Harinder Sohi And What Happened At The Pro-Khalistan Protest?”. TheDailyGuardian. Retrieved 4 November 2024.
- ^ O’Brien, Raju Mudhar, Abby (9 November 2024). “‘This is not a Hindu and Sikh battle’: The complex history behind protests that erupted at Brampton temples this week over Indian consular visits”. Toronto Star. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
The video then appears to show one of the officers breaking away from his colleagues, running onto temple property, and repeatedly striking an individual. When reached for comment, Peel police said it was aware of the video and was looking into it.
- ^ “Video: Canadian cop punches Hindu man protesting against pro-Khalistan mob attack”. India Today. 4 November 2024. Retrieved 4 November 2024.
- ^ “Fears of more clashes between Sikhs and Hindus in Brampton, Ont., as Canada-India rift spills over into suburbs”. The Globe and Mail. 8 November 2024. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
The Khalistani protesters claimed the event at the Hindu temple Sunday – where Indian consular staff were helping Indian immigrants apply for government pensions – was part of surveillance efforts to keep tabs on pro-Khalistan Sikhs.
- ^ O’Brien, Raju Mudhar, Abby (9 November 2024). “‘This is not a Hindu and Sikh battle’: The complex history behind protests that erupted at Brampton temples this week over Indian consular visits”. Toronto Star. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
It was the presence of Indian Consular officials, who have been visiting communities to help older people in the diaspora who may be entitled to pensions, that prompted SFJ to plan Sunday’s demonstration.
- ^ “Violent clashes erupt outside consular camp at Hindu temple in Canada’s Brampton”. The Hindu. 4 November 2024. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
Most beneficiaries of the consular service organised by the Indian High Commission in Brampton were Sikh members of the Indian diaspora.
- ^ “Fears of more clashes between Sikhs and Hindus in Brampton, Ont., as Canada-India rift spills over into suburbs”. The Globe and Mail. 8 November 2024. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
- ^ O’Brien, Raju Mudhar, Abby (9 November 2024). “‘This is not a Hindu and Sikh battle’: The complex history behind protests that erupted at Brampton temples this week over Indian consular visits”. Toronto Star. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
- ^ Lavoie, Joanna (9 November 2024). “Another person charged following violent demonstrations in Peel Region”. CP24. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
- ^ “Clashes erupted outside a Hindu temple near Toronto. They’re the latest sign of Canada and India’s spiraling relations”. CNN.
- ^ Jump up to:a b “Not one of its leaders elected since 1999, SAD (Amritsar) still contests polls demanding Khalistan”. The Indian Express. 22 January 2022. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
Headed by former MP Simranjit Singh Mann, a retired IPS officer, SAD (Amritsar) is the only party which still contests the elections in Punjab with demand for a separate Khalistan.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Takkar, Jatin (4 June 2024). “Pro-Khalistan separatists Amritpal and Sarabjeet lead over rivals”. The Economic Times. ISSN 0013-0389. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
- ^ Sethi, Chitleen K. (5 June 2024). “Amritpal, Sarabjeet Singh Khalsa — Sikh radicals’ poll victories pose challenge for Mann govt”. ThePrint. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
Amritpal Singh won from Khadoor Sahib by biggest margin this election in Punjab & Beant Singh’s son Khalsa won in Faridkot. But, Simranjit Singh Mann lost his Sangrur seat.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c “General Election to Parliamentary Constituencies: Trends & Results June-2024”. Election Commission of India.
- ^ “Father didn’t care and laid down his life, Sikh community pulled family through troubled times: Sarabjit Singh Khalsa”. The Economic Times. 6 June 2024. ISSN 0013-0389. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
Six-year-old Sarabjit when his father Beant Singh, a Delhi police SI who was part of the PM’s security detail, along with another of her bodyguards, Satwant Singh, assassinated Indira Gandhi in October 1984.
- ^ Pettigrew, The Sikhs of the Punjab (1995), p. 24.
- ^ Aggarwal, J. C.; Agrawal, S. P. (1992), Modern History of Punjab, Concept Publishing Company, p. 117, ISBN 978-81-7022-431-0
- ^ Jump up to:a b Puri, Harish K., Paramjit Singh Judge, and Jagrup Singh Sekhon. 1999. Terrorism in Punjab: Understanding Grassroots Reality. New Delhi: Har-Anand Publications. pp. 68–71.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 133.
- ^ Jump up to:a b “Council Common Position 2005/427/CFSP of 6 June 2005 updating Common Position 2001/931/CFSP on the application of specific measures to combat terrorism and repealing Common Position 2005/220/CFSP” (PDF). European Union. 6 June 2005. p. 5. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 June 2013. Retrieved 31 May 2009.
- ^ “Currently listed entities (terrorist organizations-ed)”. Public Safety Canada. Archived from the original on 26 June 2009. Retrieved 31 May 2009.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f Milewski, Terry (28 June 2007). “Sikh politics in Canada. Symbols and suits. Sikh extremism enters mainstream Canadian politics”. CBC. Archived from the original on 1 June 2009. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ Jump up to:a b “Proscribed terrorist groups”. UK Office for Security and Counter Terrorism. Archived from the original on 15 June 2009. Retrieved 24 May 2009.
- ^ “Terrorist Exclusion List”. U. S. Bureau of Counterterrorism and Countering Violent Extremism. 29 December 2004. Archived from the original on 13 May 2009. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ “Appendix F: Countering Terrorism on the Economic Front” (PDF). US Department of State. p. 2. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 November 2020. Retrieved 31 May 2009.
- ^ Mahmood (1996), p. 328
- ^ Martha Crenshaw, ed. (1995), Terrorism in Context, Pennsylvania State University Press, p. 656, ISBN 978-0-271-01015-1, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 29 August 2020
- ^ Atkins, Stephen E. (2004), Encyclopedia of modern worldwide extremists and extremist groups (illustrated ed.), Greenwood Publishing Group, p. 404, ISBN 978-0-313-32485-7, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 26 June 2009
- ^ “Foreign Terrorist Organizations”. U. S. Department of State. 8 April 2008. Archived from the original on 13 May 2009.
- ^ “Law Enforcement Cases: International Narcotics Control Strategy Report: Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs”. US Department of State. March 2008. Archived from the original on 16 August 2019. Retrieved 8 June 2009.
- ^ Office of the Coordinator for Counterterrorism (April 1996). “1995 Patterns of Global Terrorism”. Federation of American Scientists. Archived from the original on 22 January 2009. Retrieved 30 May 2009.
- ^ Pratap, Anita (22 May 1996). “Bus explosion in India kills at least 14: It’s the second bombing in two days”. New Delhi: CNN. Archived from the original on 8 November 2012. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ “CNN – Fatal bomb meant to disrupt – April 21, 1996”. cnn.com. Archived from the original on 8 November 2012. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ “KZF behind Jalandhar blasts”. The Indian Express. 19 June 2006. Archived from the original on 5 June 2009. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ “Patterns of Global Terrorism: 1997 – appendix B”. U. S. Department of State. 1997. Archived from the original on 23 November 2010. Retrieved 25 May 2009.
- ^ Nayar, Kuldip (22 February 1999). “It is fundamentalism again”. Rediff.com. Archived from the original on 5 January 2012. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ Juergensmeyer, Mark (14 October 2004). “From Bhindranwale to Bin Laden: Understanding Religious Violence” (PDF). Self. p. 30. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 July 2011. Retrieved 26 May 2009.
- ^ Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 136.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 132.
- ^ Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 137.
- ^ Downing, John D. H. (2011). Encyclopedia of Social Movement Media. Sage. p. 290. ISBN 978-0-7619-2688-7. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 25 October 2018.
- ^ Simmons, Mary Kate (1998). Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization: yearbook. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. p. 187. ISBN 978-90-411-0223-2. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 5 October 2020.
- ^ Anderson, Edward T. G. (1 January 2024). Hindu Nationalism in the Indian Diaspora: Transnational Politics and British Multiculturalism. Oxford University Press. p. 333. ISBN 978-0-19-778328-3.
- ^ Behera, Demystifying Kashmir (2007), pp. 87–88.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Haqqani, Pakistan Between the Mosque and Military (2010), pp. 270–271.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Sirrs, Pakistan’s Inter-Services Intelligence Directorate (2016), p. 167.
- ^ Haqqani, Pakistan Between the Mosque and Military (2010), p. 272.
- ^ “Canadian gets 14 years for funding terrorists”. The Globe and Mail. 13 September 2007. Archived from the original on 24 September 2021. Retrieved 5 October 2018.
- ^ Nanjappa, Vicky (10 June 2008). “200 Pak organisations raise funds for terror: IB”. Rediff.com. Archived from the original on 22 July 2021. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Markham, James M. (16 June 1984). “India Talks of C.I.A. Role in Unrest”. The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 28 November 2019. Retrieved 28 November 2019.
- ^ “CIA, ISI encouraged Sikh terrorism”. The Times of India. Press Trust of India. 26 July 2007. Archived from the original on 1 April 2020. Retrieved 28 November 2019.
- ^ “US, Pak ISI had a hand in Punjab militancy: Book”. Hindustan Times. 26 July 2007. Archived from the original on 6 February 2021. Retrieved 1 December 2019.
- ^ Nakashima, Ellen; Shih, Gerry; Amanda, Coletta (29 November 2023). “U.S. prosecutors allege assassination plot of Sikh separatist directed by Indian government employee”. The Washington Post. Retrieved 29 November 2023.
- ^ “Sikh extremism spread fast in Canada”. expressindia.com. 23 May 2007. Archived from the original on 14 October 2012. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ “Sikh extremism in Canada mushroomed very quickly”. rediff.com. 23 May 2007. Archived from the original on 28 March 2012. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ Brown, Jim (22 November 2007). “The reign of terror is still there”. Toronto Star. Archived from the original on 12 October 2012. Retrieved 2 September 2017.
- ^ Kay, Jonathan (17 November 2008). “A true Sikh martyr: Jonathan Kay on the 10th anniversary of the assassination of Tara Singh Hayer”. The National Post. Retrieved 7 June 2009.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Bolan, Kim (2006). Loss of Faith: How the Air-India Bombers Got Away With Murder (Paperback ed.). McClelland & Stewart. p. 388 (Chapters 6 and 7). ISBN 978-0-7710-1131-3.
- ^ “Testimony: Babbar Khalsa Ordered Tara Singh Hayer Slaying”. CanWest News Service. 14 December 2003. Archived from the original on 28 September 2011. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ Summers, Chris (2 June 2000). “Call for end to Sikh murder mystery”. BBC News. Archived from the original on 12 November 2013. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ Summers, Chris (17 March 2005). “Call for police to solve Sikh murder”. BBC News. Archived from the original on 7 May 2010. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ “Netfirms | This site is temporarily unavailable”. Worldsikh.ca. Archived from the original on 1 January 2012. Retrieved 27 September 2015.
- ^ Grewal, San (11 July 2007). “Sikh organization sues CBC”. Toronto Star. Archived from the original on 27 January 2020. Retrieved 27 January 2020.
- ^ “Canadian journalist hits out at Sikh extremism”. The Times of India. 1 July 2007.[dead link]
- ^ Morley, Robert. “Sikh Terrorism Enters Politics in Canada”. The Trumpet. Archived from the original on 2 June 2011. Retrieved 25 May 2009.
- ^ Thorne, Barry (6 March 2008). “India PM warns against renewed Sikh extremism”. Radio Netherlands Worldwide. Archived from the original on 10 March 2008.
- ^ Bolan, Kim (11 March 2008). “Sikh separatist threat on rise in Canada: Indian PM warns of resurgent threat in Canada”. Vancouver Sun. Archived from the original on 12 November 2013.
- ^ “Amarinder Singh meets Justin Trudeau and Canada’s ‘Khalistani sympathiser’ minister”. The Times of India. 21 February 2018. Archived from the original on 11 October 2018. Retrieved 8 June 2018.
- ^ Singh, Surjit; Sharma, Anil (21 February 2018). “Khalistan figures in Trudeau-Amarinder talks, Punjab CM hands over list of 9 Canada-based radicals”. Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 8 June 2018.
- ^ Connolly, Amanda. “Jagmeet Singh defends speaking at Sikh separatist rally in 2015”. Global News. Archived from the original on 23 May 2018. Retrieved 22 May 2018.
- ^ “Khalistan no issue either in Canada or Punjab, says Sukhbir Badal”. Hindustan Times. 23 February 2018. Archived from the original on 11 March 2018. Retrieved 11 March 2018.
- ^ Milewski, Terry (September 2020). “Khalistan: A project of Pakistan” (PDF). Macdonald-Laurier Institute. Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 December 2020. Retrieved 4 February 2021.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c Pathi, Krutika (19 September 2023). “India expels Canadian diplomat, escalating tensions after Trudeau accuses India in Sikh’s killing”. AP News. Archived from the original on 19 September 2023. Retrieved 19 September 2023.
- ^ Staff, Star (14 October 2024). “Canada and India each expel six diplomats amid murder investigation of Sikh activist in B.C.” Toronto Star. Retrieved 27 November 2024.
- ^ “Trudeau accuses India in killing of Sikh leader on Canadian soil”. The Globe and Mail. 18 September 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2024.
- ^ “Sikh separatists ‘funded from UK'”. BBC News. 4 March 2008. Archived from the original on 26 March 2012. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ Bassey, Amardeep (26 February 2008). “TRANSCRIPT OF “FILE ON 4″- ‘SIKH GROUPS'” (PDF). BBC News. p. 20. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 February 2022. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ “Foreign Terrorist Organizations”. U. S. Department of State. 8 April 2008. Archived from the original on 13 May 2009.
- ^ “Terrorism: What You Need To Know About U.S. Sanctions”. U.S. Department of Treasury. Archived from the original on 20 October 2011. Retrieved 24 May 2009.
- ^ Gilligan, Andrew (21 April 2008). “Sikh civil servant who backs ‘martyr’ is now on TfL board” (PDF). Evening Standard. London. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 June 2009.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Bolan, Kim (18 February 2008). “Sikh leader solicits support”. Vancouver Sun. Archived from the original on 3 June 2009.
- ^ “Sikh separatists ‘funded from UK'”. BBC. 4 March 2008. Archived from the original on 14 December 2021. Retrieved 24 April 2008.
- Bibliography
- Axel, Brian Keith (2001), The nation’s Tortured Body: Violence, representation, and the formation of a Sikh “Diaspora”, Duke University Press, ISBN 978-0-8223-2615-1
- Behera, Navnita Chadha (2007), Demystifying Kashmir, Pearson Education India, ISBN 978-8131708460
- Deol, Harnik (2000), Religion and Nationalism in India: The case of the Punjab, Routledge, ISBN 978-0-415-20108-7
- Fair, C. Christine (2005), “Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies: Insights from the Khalistan and Tamil Eelam Movements”, Nationalism and Ethnic Politics, 11: 125–156, doi:10.1080/13537110590927845, S2CID 145552863
- Ghosh, Srikanta (1997), Indian Democracy Derailed – Politics and Politicians, APH Publishing, ISBN 978-81-7024-866-8, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 16 August 2019
- Haqqani, Husain (2010), Pakistan: Between Mosque and Military, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, ISBN 978-0-87003-285-1
- Jodhka, Surinder S. (21 April 2001), “Looking Back at the Khalistan Movement: Some Recent Researches on Its Rise and Decline”, Economic and Political Weekly, 36 (16): 1311–1318
- Jolly, Surjit (1988), Sikh Revivalist Movements, Gitanjali Publishing House, ISBN 978-81-85060-23-1, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 24 December 2018
- Mahmood, Cynthia Keppley (1996), Fighting for Faith and Nation, Series in Contemporary Ethnography, University of Pennsylvania Press, ISBN 978-0-8122-1592-2, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 29 August 2020
- Nayar, Kuldip; Singh, Kushwant (1985), Tragedy of Punjab, Vision Books, ISBN 1-85127-069-8, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 24 December 2018
- Pettigrew, Joyce (1995), The Sikhs of the Punjab: Unheard Voices of State and Guerrilla Violence, Zed Books, ISBN 978-1-85649-355-0
- Shah, Mehtab Ali (1997), The Foreign Policy of Pakistan: Ethnic Impacts on Diplomacy 1971–1994, I.B.Tauris, ISBN 978-1-86064-169-5
- Shani, Giorgio (2005), “Beyond Khalistan? Sikh diasporic identity and critical international theory1”, Sikh Formations, 1 (1): 57–74, doi:10.1080/17448720500132565, S2CID 145300683
- Shani, Giorgio (2008), Sikh Nationalism and Identity in a Global Age, Routledge, ISBN 978-0-415-42190-4, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 24 December 2018
- Singh, Gurharpal (2000), Ethnic Conflict in India: A Case-Study of Punjab, Palgrave Macmillan UK, ISBN 978-0-333-98177-1, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 3 December 2018
- Sirrs, Owen L. (2016). Pakistan’s Inter-Services Intelligence Directorate: Covert Action and Internal Operations. Routledge. p. 167. ISBN 978-1-317-19609-9.
- Tambiah, Stanley Jeyaraja (1996), Leveling Crowds: Ethnonationalist conflicts and collective violence in South Asia, University of California Press, ISBN 978-0-520-20642-7, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 24 December 2018
- Talbot, Ian (2000), India and Pakistan: Inventing the Nation, Bloomsbury Academic, ISBN 978-0-340-70633-6, archived from the original on 7 February 2023, retrieved 3 December 2018
- Van Dyke, Virginia (2009), “The Khalistan Movement in Punjab, India, and the Post-Militancy Era: Structural Change and New Political Compulsions”, Asian Survey, 49 (6): 975–997, doi:10.1525/as.2009.49.6.975
- References
- Citations
- ^ Shah, Murtaza Ali (27 January 2022). “Khalistan flag installed on Gandhi Statue in Washington”. Geo News. Archived from the original on 31 July 2022. Retrieved 31 July 2022.
- ^ Kinnvall, Catarina (24 January 2007). “Situating Sikh and Hindu Nationalism in India”. Globalization and Religious Nationalism in India: The Search for Ontological Security. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-13-413570-7. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 14 August 2015.
- ^ Crenshaw, Martha, 1995, Terrorism in Context, Pennsylvania State University, ISBN 978-0-271-01015-1 p. 364
- ^ Canton, Naomi (10 June 2022). “Banned SFJ leader unveils ‘Khalistan map’, with Shimla as ‘capital’, before Pak press in Lahore”. The Times of India. Archived from the original on 10 February 2023. Retrieved 26 March 2023.
- ^ Mehtab Ali Shah, The Foreign Policy of Pakistan 1997, pp. 24–25.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Axel, Brian Keith (2001). The Nation’s Tortured Body: Violence, Representation, and the Formation of a Sikh “Diaspora”. Duke University Press. p. 84. ISBN 978-0-8223-2615-1. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
The call for a Sikh homeland was first made in the 1930s, addressed to the quickly dissolving empire.
- ^ Shani, Giorgio (2007). Sikh Nationalism and Identity in a Global Age. Routledge. p. 51. ISBN 978-1-134-10189-4. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
However, the term Khalistan was first coined by Dr V.S. Bhatti to denote an independent Sikh state in March 1940. Dr Bhatti made the case for a separate Sikh state in a pamphlet entitled ‘Khalistan’ in response to the Muslim League’s Lahore Resolution.
- ^ Bianchini, Stefano; Chaturvedi, Sanjay; Ivekovic, Rada; Samaddar, Ranabir (2004). Partitions: Reshaping States and Minds. Routledge. p. 121. ISBN 978-1-134-27654-7. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
Around the same time, a pamphlet of about forty pages, entitled ‘Khalistan’, and authored by medical doctor, V.S. Bhatti, also appeared.
- ^ Gupta, Shekhar; Subramanian, Nirupaman (15 December 1993). “You can’t get Khalistan through military movement: Jagat Singh Chouhan”. India Today. Archived from the original on 4 February 2021. Retrieved 29 November 2019.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d “New brand of Sikh militancy: Suave, tech-savvy pro-Khalistan youth radicalised on social media”. Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 4 March 2021. Retrieved 27 April 2018.
- ^ Jump up to:a b “India gives Trudeau list of suspected Sikh separatists in Canada”. Reuters. 22 February 2018. Archived from the original on 3 February 2021. Retrieved 22 May 2018.
The Sikh insurgency petered out in the 1990s. He told state leaders his country would not support anyone trying to reignite the movement for an independent Sikh homeland called Khalistan.
- ^ Fair, C. Christine (2005). “Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies: Insights from the Khalistan and Tamil Eelam Movements”. Nationalism and Ethnic Politics. 11: 125–156. doi:10.1080/13537110590927845. ISSN 1353-7113. S2CID 145552863.
- ^ Weisman, Steven R. “A Top Indian General is Assassinated”, Seattle Post-Intelligencer, 11 August 1986.
- ^ “The Vaidya Murder Case: Confirming Death Sentences”, India Abroad. (New York edition). New York, N.Y.: 24 July 1992. Vol.XXII, Issue. 43; pg.20.
- ^ “Punjab on edge over hanging of Beant Singh’s killer Bhai Balwant Singh Rajoana”. India Today. 28 March 2012. Archived from the original on 29 March 2012. Retrieved 28 March 2012.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f g h Van Dyke, The Khalistan Movement (2009), p. 990.
- ^ Ali, Haider (6 June 2018). “Mass protests erupt around Golden Temple complex as pro-Khalistan sikhs mark Blue Star anniversary”. Daily Pakistan. Archived from the original on 6 July 2020. Retrieved 25 June 2018.
- ^ “UK: Pakistani-origin lawmaker leads protests in London to call for Kashmir, Khalistan freedom”. Scroll. 27 January 2018. Archived from the original on 3 February 2021. Retrieved 29 June 2018.
- ^ Bhattacharyya, Anirudh (5 June 2017). “Pro-Khalistan groups plan event in Canada to mark Operation Bluestar anniversary”. Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 4 February 2021. Retrieved 6 July 2018.
- ^ Majumdar, Ushinor. “Sikh Extremists in Canada, The UK And Italy Are Working With ISI Or Independently”. Outlook India. Archived from the original on 20 July 2019. Retrieved 8 June 2018.
Q. Is it clear which “foreign hand” is driving this entire nexus? A. Evidence gathered by the police and other agencies points to the ISI as the key perpetrator of extremism in Punjab. (Amarinder Singh Indian Punjab Chief Minister)
- ^ “Simranjit Singh Mann stokes row, dedicates Sangrur win to Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale: Know about pro-Khalistan leader”, Firstpost, 27 June 2022, archived from the original on 27 June 2022, retrieved 27 June 2022
- ^ “Sangrur Bypoll Results Live: AAP loses Bhagwant Mann’s seat, SAD-A wins by 6,800 votes”, Hindustan Times, 26 June 2022, archived from the original on 26 June 2022, retrieved 26 June 2022
- ^ Wallace, Paul (1986). “The Sikhs as a “Minority” in a Sikh Majority State in India”. Asian Survey. 26 (3): 363–377. doi:10.2307/2644197. ISSN 0004-4687. JSTOR 2644197.
Over 8,000,000 of India’s 10,378,979 Sikhs were concentrated in Punjab
- ^ Jolly, Sikh Revivalist Movements (1988), p. 6.
- ^ Purewal, Navtej K. (2017). Living on the Margins: Social Access to Shelter in Urban South Asia. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-351-74899-5. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
The wrangling between various Sikh groupings were resolved by the nineteenth century when Maharajah Ranjit Singh unified the Punjab from Peshawar t the Sutluj River.
- ^ Panton, Kenneth J. (2015). Historical Dictionary of the British Empire. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 470. ISBN 978-0-8108-7524-1. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
A second conflict, just two years later, led to complete subjugation of the Sikhs and the incorporation of the remainder of their lands
- ^ Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 127.
- ^ Axel, Brian Keith (2001). The Nation’s Tortured Body: Violence, Representation, and the Formation of a Sikh “Diaspora”. Duke University Press. p. 85. ISBN 978-0-8223-2615-1. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
The Akalis viewed the Lahore Resolution and the Cripps Mission as a betrayal of the Sikhs and an attempt to usurp what, since the time of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, was historically a Sikh territory.
- ^ Tan, Tai Yong; Kudaisya, Gyanesh (2005) [First published 2000], The Aftermath of Partition in South Asia, Routledge, p. 100, ISBN 978-0-415-28908-5,
The professed intention of the Muslim League to impose a Muslim state on the Punjab (a Muslim majority province) was anathema to the Sikhs … the Sikhs launched a virulent campaign against the Lahore Resolution … Sikh leaders of all political persuasions made it clear that Pakistan would be ‘wholeheartedly resisted’.
- ^ Axel, Brian Keith (2001). The Nation’s Tortured Body: Violence, Representation, and the Formation of a Sikh “Diaspora”. Duke University Press. p. 84. ISBN 978-0-8223-2615-1. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
Against the nationalist ideology of a united India, which called for all groups to set aside “communal” differences, the Shiromani Akali Dal Party of the 1930s rallied around the proposition of a Sikh panth (community) that was separate from Hindus and Muslims.
- ^ Shani, Giorgio (2007). Sikh Nationalism and Identity in a Global Age. Routledge. p. 52. ISBN 978-1-134-10189-4. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
Khalistan was imagined as a theocratic state, a mirror-image of ‘Muslim’ Pakistan, led by the Maharaja of Patiala with the aid of a cabinet consisting of representing federating units.
- ^ Shah, Mehtab Ali (1997), The Foreign Policy of Pakistan: Ethnic Impacts on Diplomacy 1971–1994, I.B.Tauris, ISBN 978-1-86064-169-5, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 5 October 2020
- ^ Hill, K.; Seltzer, W.; Leaning, J.; Malik, S.J.; Russell, S. S.; Makinson, C. (2003), A Demographic Case Study of Forced Migration: The 1947 Partition of India, Harvard University Asia Center, archived from the original on 6 December 2008
- ^ McLeod, W. H. (1989), The Sikhs: History, Religion, and Society, Columbia University Press, ISBN 978-0-231-06815-4
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 129.
- ^ “Gurudwaras Outside of Punjab State”. Gateway To Sikhism. 30 November 1999. Archived from the original on 2 March 2021. Retrieved 17 October 2020.
- ^ Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 130.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d e Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 128.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 134.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f g h Jetly, Rajshree. 2006. “The Khalistan Movement in India: The Interplay of Politics and State Power.” International Review of Modern Sociology 34(1):61–62. JSTOR 41421658.
- ^ “Hindu-Sikh relations – I”. The Tribune. Chandigarh, India: Tribuneindia.com. 3 November 2003. Archived from the original on 5 June 2011.
- ^ Chawla, Muhammad Iqbal. 2017. The Khalistan Movement of 1984: A Critical Appreciation.
- ^ “The Punjab Reorganisation Act, 1966” (PDF). Government of India. 18 September 1966. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 January 2012.
- ^ Stanley Wolpert (2005). India. University of California Press. p. 216. ISBN 9780520246966. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 11 March 2023.
- ^ Mitra, Subrata K. (2007), The Puzzle of India’s Governance: Culture, Context and Comparative Theory, Advances in South Asian Studies: Routledge, p. 94, ISBN 978-1-134-27493-2, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 6 March 2018
- ^ Singh, Khushwant (2004), “The Anandpur Sahib Resolution and Other Akali Demands”, A History of the Sikhs: Volume 2: 1839–2004, Oxford University Press, doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195673098.001.0001, ISBN 978-0-19-567309-8
- ^ Ray, Jayanta Kumar (2007), Aspects of India’s International Relations, 1700 to 2000: South Asia and the World, Pearson Education India, p. 484, ISBN 978-81-317-0834-7, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 16 August 2019
- ^ Jump up to:a b c Akshayakumar Ramanlal Desai (1991). Expanding Governmental Lawlessness and Organized Struggles. Popular Prakashan. pp. 64–66. ISBN 978-81-7154-529-2.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 135.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d Pandya, Haresh (11 April 2007). “Jagjit Singh Chauhan, Sikh Militant Leader in India, Dies at 80”. The New York Times. Archived from the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 17 February 2017.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Axel, The Nation’s Tortured Body (2011), pp. 101–
- ^ Jump up to:a b Gupta, Shekhar; Subramanian, Nirupaman (15 December 1993). “You can’t get Khalistan through military movement: Jagat Singh Chouhan”. India Today. Archived from the original on 4 February 2021. Retrieved 29 November 2019.
- ^ Thomas, Jo (14 June 1984). “London Sikh Assumes Role of Exile Chief”. The New York Times. Archived from the original on 24 October 2018. Retrieved 24 October 2018.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c Dulat, A. S. (13 December 2020). “Genesis of tumultuous period in Punjab”. The Tribune. Chandigarh, India. Archived from the original on 24 June 2021. Retrieved 13 June 2021.
Bhindranwale never raised the demand for Khalistan or went beyond the Akali Anandpur Sahib Resolution, while he himself was prepared for negotiations to the very end.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Stevens, William K. (19 June 1984). “Punjab Raid: Unanswered Questions”. The News York Times. Archived from the original on 24 June 2021. Retrieved 12 June 2021.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d e Chima, Jugdep S (2008), The Sikh Separatist Insurgency in India: Political Leadership and Ethnonationalist Movements, India: Sage Publications, pp. 71–75, ISBN 978-81-321-0538-1, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 5 October 2020
- ^ Sharma, Sanjay (5 June 2011). “Bhajan Lal lived with ‘anti-Sikh, anti-Punjab’ image”. The Times of India. Archived from the original on 10 June 2011.
- ^ Stepan, Alfred; Linz, Juan J.; Yadav, Yogendra (2011), Crafting State-Nations: India and Other Multinational Democracies (Illustrated ed.), JHU Press, p. 97, ISBN 978-0-8018-9723-8, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 5 October 2020
- ^ Ghosh, Srikanta. 1997. Indian Democracy Derailed – Politics and Politicians. APH Publishing. ISBN 978-81-7024-866-8. p. 95.
- ^ Sisson, Mary. 2011. “Sikh Terrorism.” pp. 544–545 in The Sage Encyclopedia of Terrorism (2nd ed.), edited by G. Martin. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. ISBN 978-1-4129-8016-6. doi:10.4135/9781412980173.n368.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Sharma, Mool Chand, and A.K. Sharma, eds. 2004. “Discrimination Based on Religion Archived 24 October 2020 at the Wayback Machine.” pp. 108–110 in Discrimination Based on Sex, Caste, Religion, and Disability. New Delhi: National Council for Teacher Education. Archived from the original on 2 June 2010. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
- ^ Swami, Praveen (16 January 2014). “RAW chief consulted MI6 in build-up to Operation Bluestar”. The Hindu. Chennai, India. Archived from the original on 18 January 2014. Retrieved 9 August 2018.
- ^ Singh, Khushwant. 2004. A History of the Sikhs, Volume II: 1839–2004. New Delhi: Oxford University Press. p. 337.
- ^ Subramanian, L. N. (12 October 2006). “Operation Bluestar, 05 June 1984”. Bharat Rakshak Monitor. 3 (2). Archived from the original on 30 June 2020. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
- ^ Jump up to:a b “Sikh Leader in Punjab Accord Assassinated”. Los Angeles Times. Times Wire Services. 21 August 1985. Archived from the original on 29 January 2016. Retrieved 9 August 2018.
- ^ Tully, Mark; Jacob, Satish (1985). Amritsar: Mrs Gandhi’s Last Battle (5 ed.). J. Cape. p. 147. ISBN 978-0-22-402328-3. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ Wolpert, Stanley A., ed. (2009). “India”. Encyclopædia Britannica.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Gates, Scott; Roy, Kaushik (4 February 2014). “Insurgency and Counter-Insurgency in Punjab”. Unconventional Warfare in South Asia: Shadow Warriors and Counterinsurgency. Ashgate Publishing. p. 167. ISBN 978-1-40-943706-2. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ Diwanji, Amberish K. (4 June 2004). “There is a limit to how much a country can take”. The Rediff Interview/Lieutenant General Kuldip Singh Brar (retired). Rediff.com. Archived from the original on 3 December 2019. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ Walia, Varinder (20 March 2007). “Army reveals startling facts on Bluestar, says Longowal surrendered”. The Tribune. Amristar. Archived from the original on 4 August 2020. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ Jugdep S Chima (2008). The Sikh Separatist Insurgency in India: Political Leadership and Ethnonationalist Movements. Sage Publishing India. pp. 114–. ISBN 978-9351509530. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 13 March 2023.
- ^ White Paper on the Punjab Agitation. New Delhi: Government of India Press. 1984. p. 40. OL 1839009M. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ Karim, Afsir (1991). Counter Terrorism, the Pakistan Factor. Lancer Publishers. pp. 33–36. ISBN 978-8170621270. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 13 March 2023.
- ^ “Pakistan would have recognised Khalistan”. Rediff.com. 3 June 2004. Archived from the original on 29 January 2009. Retrieved 20 June 2006.
- ^ Andrew, Christopher M.; Mitrokhin, Vasili (2005). The Mitrokhin Archive II: The KGB and the World. Allen Lane. p. 336. ISBN 978-0-7139-9359-2. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 30 September 2022.
- ^ Andrew, Christopher (2008). The World Was Going Our Way: The KGB and the Battle for the Third World. DIANE Publishing Company. ISBN 978-1-4223-9312-3. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 30 September 2022.
- ^ Subramanian Swamy (1992). Building a New India: An Agenda for National Renaissance. UBS Publishers’ Distributors. p. 18. ISBN 978-81-85674-21-6. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 6 September 2022.
The 1984 Operation Bluestar became necessary because of the vast disinformation against Sant Bhindranwale by the KGB, and repeated inside Parliament by the Congress Party of India.
- ^ Guidry, John A., Michael D. Kennedy, and Mayer N. Zald, eds. 2000. Globalizations and Social Movements: Culture, Power, and the Transnational Public Sphere. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 978-0-472-06721-3. p. 319.
- ^ Nanavati, G. T. 9 February 2005. “Report of the Justice Nanavati Commission of Inquiry (1984 Anti-Sikh Riots) Archived 3 February 2021 at the Wayback Machine” 1. New Delhi: Ministry of Home Affairs. Archived from the original 27 November 2014. Retrieved 18 May 2020. Also available via People’s Archive of Rural India Archived 7 May 2020 at the Wayback Machine.
- ^ Jump up to:a b “What about the big fish?”. Tehelka. Anant Media. 25 August 2005. Archived from the original on 13 September 2012.
- ^ Singh, Swadesh Bahadur. 31 May 1996. “Cabinet berth for a Sikh.” Indian Express.
- ^ Kumar, Ram Narayan, et al. 2003. Reduced to Ashes: The Insurgency and Human Rights in Punjab. South Asia Forum for Human Rights. p. 43. Available via Committee for Information and Initiative on Punjab.
- ^ In Depth: Air India Archived 18 March 2005 at the Wayback Machine – The Victims, CBC News Online, 16 March 2005
- ^ “Free. Fair. Fearless”. Tehelka. Archived from the original on 12 September 2012.
- ^ “Jagmeet Singh now rejects glorification of Air India bombing mastermind”. CBC News. 15 March 2018. Archived from the original on 2 October 2020. Retrieved 4 August 2020.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c Gilligan, Andrew (21 April 2008). “Ken’s adviser is linked to terror group”. London Evening Standard. Archived from the original on 12 June 2009. Retrieved 26 May 2009.
- ^ Bolan, Kim (9 February 2008). “Air India bombmaker sent to holding centre”. Ottawa Citizen. Archived from the original on 9 November 2012. Retrieved 31 May 2009.
- ^ “Convicted Air India bomb-builder Inderjit Singh Reyat gets bail”. CBC News. 9 July 2008. Archived from the original on 10 July 2008. Retrieved 10 June 2009.
- ^ “Sikh Temple Sit-In Is a Challenge for Punjab.” The New York Times. 2 February 1986.
- ^ Singh, I. (10 July 2012). “Sarbat Khalsa and Gurmata”. SikhNet. Archived from the original on 12 June 2013. Retrieved 15 March 2013.
- ^ “Sant Nirankari Mission”. nirankari.org. Archived from the original on 13 January 2023. Retrieved 13 January 2023.
- ^ “Gunmen Slaughter 32 on Bus in India in Bloodiest Attack of Sikh Campaign”. The Philadelphia Inquirer, 7 July 1987. Page A03.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d Gargan, Edward (10 October 1991). “Envoy of Romania Abducted in India”. The New York Times. Archived from the original on 23 October 2018. Retrieved 17 February 2017.
- ^ Gurharpal Singh, Ethnic Conflict in India (2000), Chapters 8 & 9.
- ^ Gurharpal Singh, Ethnic Conflict in India (2000), Chapter 10.
- ^ “Amnesty International report on Punjab”. Amnesty International. 20 January 2003. Archived from the original on 3 December 2006.
- ^ “The Tribune, Chandigarh, India – Punjab”. Tribuneindia.com. Archived from the original on 5 June 2011. Retrieved 27 September 2015.
- ^ “SAD (A) to contest the coming SGPC elections on Khalistan issue: Mann”. PunjabNewsline.com. 14 January 2010. Archived from the original on 15 July 2011.
- ^ “Balwinder Singh Sandu”. Gallantry Awards. Archived from the original on 31 October 2020. Retrieved 29 October 2020.
- ^ “Gunmen Wound India Ambassador”. Los Angeles Times. 21 August 1991. Archived from the original on 10 October 2012. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ “World Notes India”. Time. 21 October 1991. Archived from the original on 30 September 2007. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ “Secret Injustice: The Harpal Singh Case | Part 1: Flashback”. The Sikh Sentinel. 17 September 2003. Archived from the original on 8 March 2012.
- ^ Talbot, India and Pakistan (2000), p. 272.
- ^ Simmons, Mary Kate (1998). Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization: yearbook. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. p. 187. ISBN 978-90-411-0223-2. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 3 August 2018.
- ^ “Issue Paper INDIA: Sikhs in Punjab 1994–95”. Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada. February 1996. Retrieved 31 May 2009.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d “U.S. Court Convicts Khalid Awan for Supporting Khalistan Commando Force”. The United States Attorney’s Office. 20 December 2006. Archived from the original on 15 January 2012. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ Mahmood, Cynthia. 5 May 1997. “Fax to Ted Albers.” Orono, Maine: Resource Information Center.
- ^ Documentation, Information and Research Branch. 17 February 1997. “India: Information from four specialists on the Punjab, Response to Information Request #IND26376.EX.” Ottawa: Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada.
- ^ “Protecting the Killers: A Policy of Impunity in Punjab, India: I. Summary”. Human Rights Watch. 9 October 2006. Archived from the original on 12 October 2008. Retrieved 11 January 2010.
- ^ Special Broadcasting Service:: Dateline – presented by George Negus Archived 28 August 2008 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ “The Hindu: Opinion / News Analysis: Is justice possible without looking for the truth?”. The Hindu. 9 September 2005. Archived from the original on 22 May 2008.
- ^ “India: A vital opportunity to end impunity in Punjab”. Amnesty International USA. Archived from the original on 25 June 2009.
- ^ “ASW”. Human Rights Watch. 1992. Archived from the original on 12 October 2012. Retrieved 11 January 2010.
- ^ “India: Time to Deliver Justice for Atrocities in Punjab”. Human Rights Watch. 18 October 2007. Archived from the original on 13 January 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ “Document – India: Break the cycle of impunity and torture in Punjab | Amnesty International”. Amnesty International. 2003. Archived from the original on 12 June 2011. Retrieved 11 January 2010.
- ^ Sehgal, Manjeet (23 September 2019). “Punjab: Four Khalistan Zindabad Force terrorists arrested in Taran Taran”. India Today. Archived from the original on 15 December 2019. Retrieved 27 December 2019.
- ^ Service, Tribune News. “NIA demands custody of 4 in Tarn Taran blast case”. Tribuneindia News Service. Archived from the original on 27 December 2019. Retrieved 27 December 2019.
- ^ Punj, Balbair (16 June 2005). “The Ghost of Khalistan”. The Sikh Times. Archived from the original on 4 December 2018. Retrieved 23 January 2007.
- ^ “Terror attacks in Punjab being planned by pro-Khalistan outfits with Pak’s support: Intelligence sources”. DNA India. 26 December 2019. Archived from the original on 27 December 2019. Retrieved 27 December 2019.
- ^ Nanjappa, Vicky (26 December 2019). “High alert declared after IB picks up intercepts on possible terror attack in Punjab”. Oneindia. Archived from the original on 27 December 2019. Retrieved 27 December 2019.
- ^ “Official Resolutions From Sarbat Khalsa 2015”. Sikh24.com. 11 November 2015. Archived from the original on 12 November 2015. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
- ^ “Khalistan slogans raised as Mann comes to meet Khalsa”. The Indian Express. 25 July 2015. Archived from the original on 27 August 2015. Retrieved 14 August 2015.
- ^ “Probable Resurgence of the Khalistan Movement: Role of the Sikh Diaspora – Science, Technology and Security forum”. stsfor.org. Archived from the original on 16 October 2015. Retrieved 2 April 2023.
- ^ “Responses to Information Requests”. irb-cisr.gc.ca. 5 June 2018. Archived from the original on 14 August 2019. Retrieved 14 August 2019.
- ^ “Pro-Khalistan slogans raised on Bluestar anniversary in Punjab”. Deccan Herald. 6 June 2015. Archived from the original on 25 July 2015. Retrieved 14 August 2015.
- ^ “Pro-Khalistan slogans raised during Punjab CM Parkash Singh Badal’s function”. The Indian Express. 26 July 2015. Archived from the original on 29 August 2015. Retrieved 14 August 2015.
- ^ Kumar, Ram Narayan (1997), The Sikh unrest and the Indian state: politics, personalities, and historical retrospective, Ajanta, ISBN 978-81-202-0453-9 quoted in Rediff On the Net Archived 15 August 2018 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Pettigrew, The Sikhs of the Punjab (1995), pp. 188–197.
- ^ Van Dyke, The Khalistan Movement (2009), p. 992.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Van Dyke, The Khalistan Movement (2009), p. 991.
- ^ Jump up to:a b “No chance of another Khalistan movement in Punjab: Defence experts”. Hindustan Times. ANI. 19 March 2016. Archived from the original on 6 May 2018. Retrieved 5 May 2018.
- ^ Dhillon, Simrat (December 2007). “The Sikh Diaspora and the Quest for Khalistan: A Search for Statehood or for Self-preservation?” (PDF). Institute of Peace and Conflict Studies. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 August 2019. Retrieved 26 May 2009.
- ^ Anand, Nisha. “Australian police releases pics of 6 men involved in Khalistan referendum brawl”. Hindustan Times.
- ^ “Brawl breaks out over Khalistan referendum in Australia; India raises concerns with authorities”. The Indian Express. 30 January 2023. Retrieved 13 October 2024.
- ^ “‘Appalled’: Australian envoy on attack by Khalistan elements on pro-India groups”. Hindustan Times.
- ^ “Police investigating attack on Brampton radio host after remarks on Punjabi actor”. The Globe and Mail. 24 February 2022. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
He told police he was approached near his Brampton studio Wednesday afternoon by three men who were shouting support for Mr. Sidhu, who was also a Sikh activist. “One of them pulled a gun on me, and the other hit me on the head with a beer bottle,” he told The Globe and Mail.
- ^ “‘Bhindranwale 2.0’: Radical Khalistan Sympathiser Amritpal Singh Active in Punjab”. NDTV News. Archived from the original on 24 February 2023. Retrieved 24 February 2023.
Often escorted by armed supporters and donning a flowing white ‘chola’ and a navy-blue turban, radical preacher and Khalistan sympathiser Amritpal Singh has been very active for some time in Punjab.
- ^ Sethi, Chitleen K. (23 February 2023). “Radical activist Amritpal storms Ajnala police station with supporters, secures aide’s release”. ThePrint. Archived from the original on 24 February 2023. Retrieved 24 February 2023.
- ^ “Radical preacher Amritpal Singh issue: Habeas corpus petition moved in HC seeking his ‘release'”. The Financial Express. Archived from the original on 19 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
- ^ [137][138][139]
- ^ “Deep Sidhu disliked Amritpal Singh, blocked his phone”. Tribune India. Archived from the original on 10 February 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ Matharu, Sonal (25 October 2022). “Fiery orator, ‘Bhindranwale 2.0’ – who’s Amritpal Singh, new ‘head’ of Deep Sidhu’s Waris Punjab De”. ThePrint. Archived from the original on 16 November 2022. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “The rise and fall of Amritpal Singh”. Tribune India. Archived from the original on 20 March 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “Unaware how Amritpal Singh declared himself head of ‘Waris Punjab De’, says Deep Sidhu’s kin”. Financialexpress. 24 February 2023. Archived from the original on 19 March 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “Amritpal Singh: Amrit Sanchar to focus on ‘de-addiction’ of youth”. Tribune India. Archived from the original on 16 November 2022. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “‘Khalistan shouldn’t be seen as…’: Amritpal Singh as Toofan to be freed today”. Hindustan Times. 24 February 2023. Archived from the original on 24 February 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “Amritpal Singh | A radical preacher”. The Hindu. 25 February 2023. ISSN 0971-751X. Archived from the original on 31 March 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ Mogul, Rhea (22 March 2023). “Khalistan: The outlawed Sikh separatist movement that has Indian authorities on edge”. CNN. Archived from the original on 23 March 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “‘Waris Punjab De’ chief Amritpal Singh arrested from Punjab’s Moga under NSA; shifted to Assam’s Dibrugarh jail”. The Hindu. 23 April 2023. ISSN 0971-751X. Archived from the original on 23 April 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “Watch: Sikhs attack Indian consulate in San Francisco, raise Khalistani flag to protest against crackdown on Amritpal Singh”. Free Press Journal. 20 March 2023. Archived from the original on 21 March 2023. Retrieved 21 March 2023.
- ^ Simon Little; Julie Nolin. “Journalist allegedly assaulted as Punjab tensions spill over into B.C.” Global News. Archived from the original on 21 March 2023. Retrieved 21 March 2023.
- ^ “Indian High Commission: Diplomat summoned after London protest”. BBC News. 20 March 2023. Archived from the original on 25 June 2023. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
- ^ “Amritpal Singh’s brother-in-law key accused in attack on Indian high commission in Canada”. Hindustan Times. 24 June 2023. Archived from the original on 5 July 2023. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
- ^ “Pro-Khalistan protesters tried to set on fire India’s consulate in San Francisco”. The Tribune India. Archived from the original on 25 June 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “Senior Indian journalist attacked by pro-Khalistanis outside Indian Embassy in Washington”. Deccan Herald. 26 March 2023. Archived from the original on 25 June 2023. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
- ^ “Journalist allegedly assaulted as Punjab tensions spill over into B.C.” Global News. Archived from the original on 21 March 2023. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
- ^ “Journalist allegedly assaulted as Punjab tensions spill over into B.C.” Global News. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
- ^ “‘Mr Taranjit Singh Sandhu…’: Khalistan supporter threatens Indian envoy to US | Watch”. Hindustan Times. 26 March 2023. Archived from the original on 27 June 2023. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
- ^ Anirudh Bhattacharyya (27 April 2018). “Canadian police frees Khalistani ‘separatist’ Hardeep Nijjar after 24 hours in custody”. Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 21 September 2023. Retrieved 19 September 2023.
- ^ “2nd attack since March: Indian consulate set on fire in San Francisco; US condemns violence”. The Times of India. 4 July 2023. ISSN 0971-8257. Archived from the original on 4 July 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ Jump up to:a b “US condemns vandalism, attempted arson against Indian Consulate in San Francisco”. Tribune India. Archived from the original on 4 July 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “US condemns vandalism at Indian consulate in San Francisco”. Reuters. 4 July 2023. Archived from the original on 4 July 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “‘Heated’ demonstration at Indian consulate in Toronto sees one arrested”. The Globe and Mail. 9 July 2023. Archived from the original on 14 July 2023. Retrieved 14 July 2023.
Some online posters ahead of the event said “Kill India” and suggested, without evidence, that Indian diplomats played a role in Mr. Nijjar’s death.
- ^ “A year after Hardeep Singh Nijjar’s death, mysteries remain about how he really lived”. The Globe and Mail. 22 June 2024. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
- ^ “Pro-Khalistani Group in Toronto Glorifies Beant Singh’s Killer, Indian Authorities to Raise Issue With Canada | EXCLUSIVE”. News18. 2 September 2024. Retrieved 13 October 2024.
- ^ “Canada: Pro-Khalistan rallies feature floats celebrating 1995 Beant Singh bombing”. Business Today. 1 September 2024. Retrieved 13 October 2024.
- ^ “‘I will not be silenced’: Calgary radio host attack caught on CCTV”. Global News. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
- ^ “Calgary radio host speaks out after being attacked outside banquet hall”. Global News. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
- ^ “Indo-Canadian mediaperson, attacked by two persons, blames ‘pro-Khalistan’ elements”. Hindustan Times.
- ^ “Calgary police investigating weekend assault of radio host”. CTV News Calgary. 1 October 2024. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
- ^ “Radio journalist says he was assaulted in attack over news coverage”. Calgary Herald.
City police are seeking two suspects in an assault on a well-known radio journalist in Calgary’s northeast that apparently targeted his reporting on crime issues within the Sikh community.
- ^ “Calgary police probe assault of RED FM news director”. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation.
Staff Sgt. John Guigon said Nagar was struck in the head but was not seriously hurt, and that the incident was captured on video. “It was not a pleasant situation,” he said.”[It is] particularly troubling to us when a member of the media gets attacked in a democracy…. We’re throwing resources at it.”
- ^ [167][168][169][170][171][172]
- ^ Sharma, Abhinav (3 October 2024). “Canadian radio journalist Rishi Nagar attacked by Khalistani groups in Canada”. Diya TV. Retrieved 4 October 2024.
A group of men supportive of the Khalistan separatist movement violently assaulted Canada-based RED FM News Director Rishi Nagar allegedly for refusing to align with their agenda.
- ^ Moharib, Nadia (30 September 2024). “Man threatened outside NE temple, two arrested: Calgary police”. CityNews Calgary. Retrieved 11 October 2024.
- ^ Bradley, Jonathan (1 October 2024). “RED FM Calgary host says attack will not stop his journalism”. Western Standard. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
- ^ Bradley, Jonathan (2 October 2024). “UPDATED: Poilievre, Smith say they are disturbed by attack on RED FM Calgary host”. Western Standard. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
- ^ “Journalists reporting against Khalistan groups under attack in Canada, says Indian-origin MP”. The Tribune. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
- ^ O’Brien, Raju Mudhar, Abby (9 November 2024). “‘This is not a Hindu and Sikh battle’: The complex history behind protests that erupted at Brampton temples this week over Indian consular visits”. Toronto Star. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
In another video, individuals holding pro-Khalistan flagpoles can be seen running onto the property, striking those inside the perimeter with them. A chaotic scene ensues.
- ^ Aguilar, Bryann (3 November 2024). “Police increase their presence at Hindu temple in Brampton after protest”. CP24. Retrieved 3 November 2024.
- ^ ICI.Radio-Canada.ca, Zone Justice et faits divers- (4 November 2024). “3 arrested and charged after protest at Brampton Hindu temple, police say”. Radio-Canada.ca (in Canadian French). Retrieved 4 November 2024.
- ^ O’Brien, Raju Mudhar, Abby (9 November 2024). “‘This is not a Hindu and Sikh battle’: The complex history behind protests that erupted at Brampton temples this week over Indian consular visits”. Toronto Star. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
The clash saw three people arrested and an off-duty police officer who participated in the protest, Sergeant Harinder Sohi, suspended.
- ^ “Peel cop suspended after participating in protest outside Hindu temple”. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation.
- ^ “Who Is The Suspended Cop Harinder Sohi And What Happened At The Pro-Khalistan Protest?”. TheDailyGuardian. Retrieved 4 November 2024.
- ^ O’Brien, Raju Mudhar, Abby (9 November 2024). “‘This is not a Hindu and Sikh battle’: The complex history behind protests that erupted at Brampton temples this week over Indian consular visits”. Toronto Star. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
The video then appears to show one of the officers breaking away from his colleagues, running onto temple property, and repeatedly striking an individual. When reached for comment, Peel police said it was aware of the video and was looking into it.
- ^ “Video: Canadian cop punches Hindu man protesting against pro-Khalistan mob attack”. India Today. 4 November 2024. Retrieved 4 November 2024.
- ^ “Fears of more clashes between Sikhs and Hindus in Brampton, Ont., as Canada-India rift spills over into suburbs”. The Globe and Mail. 8 November 2024. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
The Khalistani protesters claimed the event at the Hindu temple Sunday – where Indian consular staff were helping Indian immigrants apply for government pensions – was part of surveillance efforts to keep tabs on pro-Khalistan Sikhs.
- ^ O’Brien, Raju Mudhar, Abby (9 November 2024). “‘This is not a Hindu and Sikh battle’: The complex history behind protests that erupted at Brampton temples this week over Indian consular visits”. Toronto Star. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
It was the presence of Indian Consular officials, who have been visiting communities to help older people in the diaspora who may be entitled to pensions, that prompted SFJ to plan Sunday’s demonstration.
- ^ “Violent clashes erupt outside consular camp at Hindu temple in Canada’s Brampton”. The Hindu. 4 November 2024. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
Most beneficiaries of the consular service organised by the Indian High Commission in Brampton were Sikh members of the Indian diaspora.
- ^ “Fears of more clashes between Sikhs and Hindus in Brampton, Ont., as Canada-India rift spills over into suburbs”. The Globe and Mail. 8 November 2024. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
- ^ O’Brien, Raju Mudhar, Abby (9 November 2024). “‘This is not a Hindu and Sikh battle’: The complex history behind protests that erupted at Brampton temples this week over Indian consular visits”. Toronto Star. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
- ^ Lavoie, Joanna (9 November 2024). “Another person charged following violent demonstrations in Peel Region”. CP24. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
- ^ “Clashes erupted outside a Hindu temple near Toronto. They’re the latest sign of Canada and India’s spiraling relations”. CNN.
- ^ Jump up to:a b “Not one of its leaders elected since 1999, SAD (Amritsar) still contests polls demanding Khalistan”. The Indian Express. 22 January 2022. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
Headed by former MP Simranjit Singh Mann, a retired IPS officer, SAD (Amritsar) is the only party which still contests the elections in Punjab with demand for a separate Khalistan.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Takkar, Jatin (4 June 2024). “Pro-Khalistan separatists Amritpal and Sarabjeet lead over rivals”. The Economic Times. ISSN 0013-0389. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
- ^ Sethi, Chitleen K. (5 June 2024). “Amritpal, Sarabjeet Singh Khalsa — Sikh radicals’ poll victories pose challenge for Mann govt”. ThePrint. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
Amritpal Singh won from Khadoor Sahib by biggest margin this election in Punjab & Beant Singh’s son Khalsa won in Faridkot. But, Simranjit Singh Mann lost his Sangrur seat.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c “General Election to Parliamentary Constituencies: Trends & Results June-2024”. Election Commission of India.
- ^ “Father didn’t care and laid down his life, Sikh community pulled family through troubled times: Sarabjit Singh Khalsa”. The Economic Times. 6 June 2024. ISSN 0013-0389. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
Six-year-old Sarabjit when his father Beant Singh, a Delhi police SI who was part of the PM’s security detail, along with another of her bodyguards, Satwant Singh, assassinated Indira Gandhi in October 1984.
- ^ Pettigrew, The Sikhs of the Punjab (1995), p. 24.
- ^ Aggarwal, J. C.; Agrawal, S. P. (1992), Modern History of Punjab, Concept Publishing Company, p. 117, ISBN 978-81-7022-431-0
- ^ Jump up to:a b Puri, Harish K., Paramjit Singh Judge, and Jagrup Singh Sekhon. 1999. Terrorism in Punjab: Understanding Grassroots Reality. New Delhi: Har-Anand Publications. pp. 68–71.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 133.
- ^ Jump up to:a b “Council Common Position 2005/427/CFSP of 6 June 2005 updating Common Position 2001/931/CFSP on the application of specific measures to combat terrorism and repealing Common Position 2005/220/CFSP” (PDF). European Union. 6 June 2005. p. 5. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 June 2013. Retrieved 31 May 2009.
- ^ “Currently listed entities (terrorist organizations-ed)”. Public Safety Canada. Archived from the original on 26 June 2009. Retrieved 31 May 2009.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f Milewski, Terry (28 June 2007). “Sikh politics in Canada. Symbols and suits. Sikh extremism enters mainstream Canadian politics”. CBC. Archived from the original on 1 June 2009. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ Jump up to:a b “Proscribed terrorist groups”. UK Office for Security and Counter Terrorism. Archived from the original on 15 June 2009. Retrieved 24 May 2009.
- ^ “Terrorist Exclusion List”. U. S. Bureau of Counterterrorism and Countering Violent Extremism. 29 December 2004. Archived from the original on 13 May 2009. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ “Appendix F: Countering Terrorism on the Economic Front” (PDF). US Department of State. p. 2. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 November 2020. Retrieved 31 May 2009.
- ^ Mahmood (1996), p. 328
- ^ Martha Crenshaw, ed. (1995), Terrorism in Context, Pennsylvania State University Press, p. 656, ISBN 978-0-271-01015-1, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 29 August 2020
- ^ Atkins, Stephen E. (2004), Encyclopedia of modern worldwide extremists and extremist groups (illustrated ed.), Greenwood Publishing Group, p. 404, ISBN 978-0-313-32485-7, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 26 June 2009
- ^ “Foreign Terrorist Organizations”. U. S. Department of State. 8 April 2008. Archived from the original on 13 May 2009.
- ^ “Law Enforcement Cases: International Narcotics Control Strategy Report: Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs”. US Department of State. March 2008. Archived from the original on 16 August 2019. Retrieved 8 June 2009.
- ^ Office of the Coordinator for Counterterrorism (April 1996). “1995 Patterns of Global Terrorism”. Federation of American Scientists. Archived from the original on 22 January 2009. Retrieved 30 May 2009.
- ^ Pratap, Anita (22 May 1996). “Bus explosion in India kills at least 14: It’s the second bombing in two days”. New Delhi: CNN. Archived from the original on 8 November 2012. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ “CNN – Fatal bomb meant to disrupt – April 21, 1996”. cnn.com. Archived from the original on 8 November 2012. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ “KZF behind Jalandhar blasts”. The Indian Express. 19 June 2006. Archived from the original on 5 June 2009. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ “Patterns of Global Terrorism: 1997 – appendix B”. U. S. Department of State. 1997. Archived from the original on 23 November 2010. Retrieved 25 May 2009.
- ^ Nayar, Kuldip (22 February 1999). “It is fundamentalism again”. Rediff.com. Archived from the original on 5 January 2012. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ Juergensmeyer, Mark (14 October 2004). “From Bhindranwale to Bin Laden: Understanding Religious Violence” (PDF). Self. p. 30. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 July 2011. Retrieved 26 May 2009.
- ^ Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 136.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 132.
- ^ Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 137.
- ^ Downing, John D. H. (2011). Encyclopedia of Social Movement Media. Sage. p. 290. ISBN 978-0-7619-2688-7. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 25 October 2018.
- ^ Simmons, Mary Kate (1998). Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization: yearbook. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. p. 187. ISBN 978-90-411-0223-2. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 5 October 2020.
- ^ Anderson, Edward T. G. (1 January 2024). Hindu Nationalism in the Indian Diaspora: Transnational Politics and British Multiculturalism. Oxford University Press. p. 333. ISBN 978-0-19-778328-3.
- ^ Behera, Demystifying Kashmir (2007), pp. 87–88.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Haqqani, Pakistan Between the Mosque and Military (2010), pp. 270–271.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Sirrs, Pakistan’s Inter-Services Intelligence Directorate (2016), p. 167.
- ^ Haqqani, Pakistan Between the Mosque and Military (2010), p. 272.
- ^ “Canadian gets 14 years for funding terrorists”. The Globe and Mail. 13 September 2007. Archived from the original on 24 September 2021. Retrieved 5 October 2018.
- ^ Nanjappa, Vicky (10 June 2008). “200 Pak organisations raise funds for terror: IB”. Rediff.com. Archived from the original on 22 July 2021. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Markham, James M. (16 June 1984). “India Talks of C.I.A. Role in Unrest”. The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 28 November 2019. Retrieved 28 November 2019.
- ^ “CIA, ISI encouraged Sikh terrorism”. The Times of India. Press Trust of India. 26 July 2007. Archived from the original on 1 April 2020. Retrieved 28 November 2019.
- ^ “US, Pak ISI had a hand in Punjab militancy: Book”. Hindustan Times. 26 July 2007. Archived from the original on 6 February 2021. Retrieved 1 December 2019.
- ^ Nakashima, Ellen; Shih, Gerry; Amanda, Coletta (29 November 2023). “U.S. prosecutors allege assassination plot of Sikh separatist directed by Indian government employee”. The Washington Post. Retrieved 29 November 2023.
- ^ “Sikh extremism spread fast in Canada”. expressindia.com. 23 May 2007. Archived from the original on 14 October 2012. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ “Sikh extremism in Canada mushroomed very quickly”. rediff.com. 23 May 2007. Archived from the original on 28 March 2012. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ Brown, Jim (22 November 2007). “The reign of terror is still there”. Toronto Star. Archived from the original on 12 October 2012. Retrieved 2 September 2017.
- ^ Kay, Jonathan (17 November 2008). “A true Sikh martyr: Jonathan Kay on the 10th anniversary of the assassination of Tara Singh Hayer”. The National Post. Retrieved 7 June 2009.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Bolan, Kim (2006). Loss of Faith: How the Air-India Bombers Got Away With Murder (Paperback ed.). McClelland & Stewart. p. 388 (Chapters 6 and 7). ISBN 978-0-7710-1131-3.
- ^ “Testimony: Babbar Khalsa Ordered Tara Singh Hayer Slaying”. CanWest News Service. 14 December 2003. Archived from the original on 28 September 2011. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ Summers, Chris (2 June 2000). “Call for end to Sikh murder mystery”. BBC News. Archived from the original on 12 November 2013. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ Summers, Chris (17 March 2005). “Call for police to solve Sikh murder”. BBC News. Archived from the original on 7 May 2010. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ “Netfirms | This site is temporarily unavailable”. Worldsikh.ca. Archived from the original on 1 January 2012. Retrieved 27 September 2015.
- ^ Grewal, San (11 July 2007). “Sikh organization sues CBC”. Toronto Star. Archived from the original on 27 January 2020. Retrieved 27 January 2020.
- ^ “Canadian journalist hits out at Sikh extremism”. The Times of India. 1 July 2007.[dead link]
- ^ Morley, Robert. “Sikh Terrorism Enters Politics in Canada”. The Trumpet. Archived from the original on 2 June 2011. Retrieved 25 May 2009.
- ^ Thorne, Barry (6 March 2008). “India PM warns against renewed Sikh extremism”. Radio Netherlands Worldwide. Archived from the original on 10 March 2008.
- ^ Bolan, Kim (11 March 2008). “Sikh separatist threat on rise in Canada: Indian PM warns of resurgent threat in Canada”. Vancouver Sun. Archived from the original on 12 November 2013.
- ^ “Amarinder Singh meets Justin Trudeau and Canada’s ‘Khalistani sympathiser’ minister”. The Times of India. 21 February 2018. Archived from the original on 11 October 2018. Retrieved 8 June 2018.
- ^ Singh, Surjit; Sharma, Anil (21 February 2018). “Khalistan figures in Trudeau-Amarinder talks, Punjab CM hands over list of 9 Canada-based radicals”. Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 8 June 2018.
- ^ Connolly, Amanda. “Jagmeet Singh defends speaking at Sikh separatist rally in 2015”. Global News. Archived from the original on 23 May 2018. Retrieved 22 May 2018.
- ^ “Khalistan no issue either in Canada or Punjab, says Sukhbir Badal”. Hindustan Times. 23 February 2018. Archived from the original on 11 March 2018. Retrieved 11 March 2018.
- ^ Milewski, Terry (September 2020). “Khalistan: A project of Pakistan” (PDF). Macdonald-Laurier Institute. Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 December 2020. Retrieved 4 February 2021.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c Pathi, Krutika (19 September 2023). “India expels Canadian diplomat, escalating tensions after Trudeau accuses India in Sikh’s killing”. AP News. Archived from the original on 19 September 2023. Retrieved 19 September 2023.
- ^ Staff, Star (14 October 2024). “Canada and India each expel six diplomats amid murder investigation of Sikh activist in B.C.” Toronto Star. Retrieved 27 November 2024.
- ^ “Trudeau accuses India in killing of Sikh leader on Canadian soil”. The Globe and Mail. 18 September 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2024.
- ^ “Sikh separatists ‘funded from UK'”. BBC News. 4 March 2008. Archived from the original on 26 March 2012. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ Bassey, Amardeep (26 February 2008). “TRANSCRIPT OF “FILE ON 4″- ‘SIKH GROUPS'” (PDF). BBC News. p. 20. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 February 2022. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ “Foreign Terrorist Organizations”. U. S. Department of State. 8 April 2008. Archived from the original on 13 May 2009.
- ^ “Terrorism: What You Need To Know About U.S. Sanctions”. U.S. Department of Treasury. Archived from the original on 20 October 2011. Retrieved 24 May 2009.
- ^ Gilligan, Andrew (21 April 2008). “Sikh civil servant who backs ‘martyr’ is now on TfL board” (PDF). Evening Standard. London. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 June 2009.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Bolan, Kim (18 February 2008). “Sikh leader solicits support”. Vancouver Sun. Archived from the original on 3 June 2009.
- ^ “Sikh separatists ‘funded from UK'”. BBC. 4 March 2008. Archived from the original on 14 December 2021. Retrieved 24 April 2008.
- Bibliography
- Axel, Brian Keith (2001), The nation’s Tortured Body: Violence, representation, and the formation of a Sikh “Diaspora”, Duke University Press, ISBN 978-0-8223-2615-1
- Behera, Navnita Chadha (2007), Demystifying Kashmir, Pearson Education India, ISBN 978-8131708460
- Deol, Harnik (2000), Religion and Nationalism in India: The case of the Punjab, Routledge, ISBN 978-0-415-20108-7
- Fair, C. Christine (2005), “Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies: Insights from the Khalistan and Tamil Eelam Movements”, Nationalism and Ethnic Politics, 11: 125–156, doi:10.1080/13537110590927845, S2CID 145552863
- Ghosh, Srikanta (1997), Indian Democracy Derailed – Politics and Politicians, APH Publishing, ISBN 978-81-7024-866-8, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 16 August 2019
- Haqqani, Husain (2010), Pakistan: Between Mosque and Military, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, ISBN 978-0-87003-285-1
- Jodhka, Surinder S. (21 April 2001), “Looking Back at the Khalistan Movement: Some Recent Researches on Its Rise and Decline”, Economic and Political Weekly, 36 (16): 1311–1318
- Jolly, Surjit (1988), Sikh Revivalist Movements, Gitanjali Publishing House, ISBN 978-81-85060-23-1, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 24 December 2018
- Mahmood, Cynthia Keppley (1996), Fighting for Faith and Nation, Series in Contemporary Ethnography, University of Pennsylvania Press, ISBN 978-0-8122-1592-2, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 29 August 2020
- Nayar, Kuldip; Singh, Kushwant (1985), Tragedy of Punjab, Vision Books, ISBN 1-85127-069-8, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 24 December 2018
- Pettigrew, Joyce (1995), The Sikhs of the Punjab: Unheard Voices of State and Guerrilla Violence, Zed Books, ISBN 978-1-85649-355-0
- Shah, Mehtab Ali (1997), The Foreign Policy of Pakistan: Ethnic Impacts on Diplomacy 1971–1994, I.B.Tauris, ISBN 978-1-86064-169-5
- Shani, Giorgio (2005), “Beyond Khalistan? Sikh diasporic identity and critical international theory1”, Sikh Formations, 1 (1): 57–74, doi:10.1080/17448720500132565, S2CID 145300683
- Shani, Giorgio (2008), Sikh Nationalism and Identity in a Global Age, Routledge, ISBN 978-0-415-42190-4, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 24 December 2018
- Singh, Gurharpal (2000), Ethnic Conflict in India: A Case-Study of Punjab, Palgrave Macmillan UK, ISBN 978-0-333-98177-1, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 3 December 2018
- Sirrs, Owen L. (2016). Pakistan’s Inter-Services Intelligence Directorate: Covert Action and Internal Operations. Routledge. p. 167. ISBN 978-1-317-19609-9.
- Tambiah, Stanley Jeyaraja (1996), Leveling Crowds: Ethnonationalist conflicts and collective violence in South Asia, University of California Press, ISBN 978-0-520-20642-7, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 24 December 2018
- Talbot, Ian (2000), India and Pakistan: Inventing the Nation, Bloomsbury Academic, ISBN 978-0-340-70633-6, archived from the original on 7 February 2023, retrieved 3 December 2018
- Van Dyke, Virginia (2009), “The Khalistan Movement in Punjab, India, and the Post-Militancy Era: Structural Change and New Political Compulsions”, Asian Survey, 49 (6): 975–997, doi:10.1525/as.2009.49.6.975
- References
- Citations
- ^ Shah, Murtaza Ali (27 January 2022). “Khalistan flag installed on Gandhi Statue in Washington”. Geo News. Archived from the original on 31 July 2022. Retrieved 31 July 2022.
- ^ Kinnvall, Catarina (24 January 2007). “Situating Sikh and Hindu Nationalism in India”. Globalization and Religious Nationalism in India: The Search for Ontological Security. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-13-413570-7. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 14 August 2015.
- ^ Crenshaw, Martha, 1995, Terrorism in Context, Pennsylvania State University, ISBN 978-0-271-01015-1 p. 364
- ^ Canton, Naomi (10 June 2022). “Banned SFJ leader unveils ‘Khalistan map’, with Shimla as ‘capital’, before Pak press in Lahore”. The Times of India. Archived from the original on 10 February 2023. Retrieved 26 March 2023.
- ^ Mehtab Ali Shah, The Foreign Policy of Pakistan 1997, pp. 24–25.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Axel, Brian Keith (2001). The Nation’s Tortured Body: Violence, Representation, and the Formation of a Sikh “Diaspora”. Duke University Press. p. 84. ISBN 978-0-8223-2615-1. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
The call for a Sikh homeland was first made in the 1930s, addressed to the quickly dissolving empire.
- ^ Shani, Giorgio (2007). Sikh Nationalism and Identity in a Global Age. Routledge. p. 51. ISBN 978-1-134-10189-4. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
However, the term Khalistan was first coined by Dr V.S. Bhatti to denote an independent Sikh state in March 1940. Dr Bhatti made the case for a separate Sikh state in a pamphlet entitled ‘Khalistan’ in response to the Muslim League’s Lahore Resolution.
- ^ Bianchini, Stefano; Chaturvedi, Sanjay; Ivekovic, Rada; Samaddar, Ranabir (2004). Partitions: Reshaping States and Minds. Routledge. p. 121. ISBN 978-1-134-27654-7. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
Around the same time, a pamphlet of about forty pages, entitled ‘Khalistan’, and authored by medical doctor, V.S. Bhatti, also appeared.
- ^ Gupta, Shekhar; Subramanian, Nirupaman (15 December 1993). “You can’t get Khalistan through military movement: Jagat Singh Chouhan”. India Today. Archived from the original on 4 February 2021. Retrieved 29 November 2019.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d “New brand of Sikh militancy: Suave, tech-savvy pro-Khalistan youth radicalised on social media”. Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 4 March 2021. Retrieved 27 April 2018.
- ^ Jump up to:a b “India gives Trudeau list of suspected Sikh separatists in Canada”. Reuters. 22 February 2018. Archived from the original on 3 February 2021. Retrieved 22 May 2018.
The Sikh insurgency petered out in the 1990s. He told state leaders his country would not support anyone trying to reignite the movement for an independent Sikh homeland called Khalistan.
- ^ Fair, C. Christine (2005). “Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies: Insights from the Khalistan and Tamil Eelam Movements”. Nationalism and Ethnic Politics. 11: 125–156. doi:10.1080/13537110590927845. ISSN 1353-7113. S2CID 145552863.
- ^ Weisman, Steven R. “A Top Indian General is Assassinated”, Seattle Post-Intelligencer, 11 August 1986.
- ^ “The Vaidya Murder Case: Confirming Death Sentences”, India Abroad. (New York edition). New York, N.Y.: 24 July 1992. Vol.XXII, Issue. 43; pg.20.
- ^ “Punjab on edge over hanging of Beant Singh’s killer Bhai Balwant Singh Rajoana”. India Today. 28 March 2012. Archived from the original on 29 March 2012. Retrieved 28 March 2012.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f g h Van Dyke, The Khalistan Movement (2009), p. 990.
- ^ Ali, Haider (6 June 2018). “Mass protests erupt around Golden Temple complex as pro-Khalistan sikhs mark Blue Star anniversary”. Daily Pakistan. Archived from the original on 6 July 2020. Retrieved 25 June 2018.
- ^ “UK: Pakistani-origin lawmaker leads protests in London to call for Kashmir, Khalistan freedom”. Scroll. 27 January 2018. Archived from the original on 3 February 2021. Retrieved 29 June 2018.
- ^ Bhattacharyya, Anirudh (5 June 2017). “Pro-Khalistan groups plan event in Canada to mark Operation Bluestar anniversary”. Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 4 February 2021. Retrieved 6 July 2018.
- ^ Majumdar, Ushinor. “Sikh Extremists in Canada, The UK And Italy Are Working With ISI Or Independently”. Outlook India. Archived from the original on 20 July 2019. Retrieved 8 June 2018.
Q. Is it clear which “foreign hand” is driving this entire nexus? A. Evidence gathered by the police and other agencies points to the ISI as the key perpetrator of extremism in Punjab. (Amarinder Singh Indian Punjab Chief Minister)
- ^ “Simranjit Singh Mann stokes row, dedicates Sangrur win to Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale: Know about pro-Khalistan leader”, Firstpost, 27 June 2022, archived from the original on 27 June 2022, retrieved 27 June 2022
- ^ “Sangrur Bypoll Results Live: AAP loses Bhagwant Mann’s seat, SAD-A wins by 6,800 votes”, Hindustan Times, 26 June 2022, archived from the original on 26 June 2022, retrieved 26 June 2022
- ^ Wallace, Paul (1986). “The Sikhs as a “Minority” in a Sikh Majority State in India”. Asian Survey. 26 (3): 363–377. doi:10.2307/2644197. ISSN 0004-4687. JSTOR 2644197.
Over 8,000,000 of India’s 10,378,979 Sikhs were concentrated in Punjab
- ^ Jolly, Sikh Revivalist Movements (1988), p. 6.
- ^ Purewal, Navtej K. (2017). Living on the Margins: Social Access to Shelter in Urban South Asia. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-351-74899-5. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
The wrangling between various Sikh groupings were resolved by the nineteenth century when Maharajah Ranjit Singh unified the Punjab from Peshawar t the Sutluj River.
- ^ Panton, Kenneth J. (2015). Historical Dictionary of the British Empire. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 470. ISBN 978-0-8108-7524-1. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
A second conflict, just two years later, led to complete subjugation of the Sikhs and the incorporation of the remainder of their lands
- ^ Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 127.
- ^ Axel, Brian Keith (2001). The Nation’s Tortured Body: Violence, Representation, and the Formation of a Sikh “Diaspora”. Duke University Press. p. 85. ISBN 978-0-8223-2615-1. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
The Akalis viewed the Lahore Resolution and the Cripps Mission as a betrayal of the Sikhs and an attempt to usurp what, since the time of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, was historically a Sikh territory.
- ^ Tan, Tai Yong; Kudaisya, Gyanesh (2005) [First published 2000], The Aftermath of Partition in South Asia, Routledge, p. 100, ISBN 978-0-415-28908-5,
The professed intention of the Muslim League to impose a Muslim state on the Punjab (a Muslim majority province) was anathema to the Sikhs … the Sikhs launched a virulent campaign against the Lahore Resolution … Sikh leaders of all political persuasions made it clear that Pakistan would be ‘wholeheartedly resisted’.
- ^ Axel, Brian Keith (2001). The Nation’s Tortured Body: Violence, Representation, and the Formation of a Sikh “Diaspora”. Duke University Press. p. 84. ISBN 978-0-8223-2615-1. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
Against the nationalist ideology of a united India, which called for all groups to set aside “communal” differences, the Shiromani Akali Dal Party of the 1930s rallied around the proposition of a Sikh panth (community) that was separate from Hindus and Muslims.
- ^ Shani, Giorgio (2007). Sikh Nationalism and Identity in a Global Age. Routledge. p. 52. ISBN 978-1-134-10189-4. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
Khalistan was imagined as a theocratic state, a mirror-image of ‘Muslim’ Pakistan, led by the Maharaja of Patiala with the aid of a cabinet consisting of representing federating units.
- ^ Shah, Mehtab Ali (1997), The Foreign Policy of Pakistan: Ethnic Impacts on Diplomacy 1971–1994, I.B.Tauris, ISBN 978-1-86064-169-5, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 5 October 2020
- ^ Hill, K.; Seltzer, W.; Leaning, J.; Malik, S.J.; Russell, S. S.; Makinson, C. (2003), A Demographic Case Study of Forced Migration: The 1947 Partition of India, Harvard University Asia Center, archived from the original on 6 December 2008
- ^ McLeod, W. H. (1989), The Sikhs: History, Religion, and Society, Columbia University Press, ISBN 978-0-231-06815-4
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 129.
- ^ “Gurudwaras Outside of Punjab State”. Gateway To Sikhism. 30 November 1999. Archived from the original on 2 March 2021. Retrieved 17 October 2020.
- ^ Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 130.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d e Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 128.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 134.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f g h Jetly, Rajshree. 2006. “The Khalistan Movement in India: The Interplay of Politics and State Power.” International Review of Modern Sociology 34(1):61–62. JSTOR 41421658.
- ^ “Hindu-Sikh relations – I”. The Tribune. Chandigarh, India: Tribuneindia.com. 3 November 2003. Archived from the original on 5 June 2011.
- ^ Chawla, Muhammad Iqbal. 2017. The Khalistan Movement of 1984: A Critical Appreciation.
- ^ “The Punjab Reorganisation Act, 1966” (PDF). Government of India. 18 September 1966. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 January 2012.
- ^ Stanley Wolpert (2005). India. University of California Press. p. 216. ISBN 9780520246966. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 11 March 2023.
- ^ Mitra, Subrata K. (2007), The Puzzle of India’s Governance: Culture, Context and Comparative Theory, Advances in South Asian Studies: Routledge, p. 94, ISBN 978-1-134-27493-2, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 6 March 2018
- ^ Singh, Khushwant (2004), “The Anandpur Sahib Resolution and Other Akali Demands”, A History of the Sikhs: Volume 2: 1839–2004, Oxford University Press, doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195673098.001.0001, ISBN 978-0-19-567309-8
- ^ Ray, Jayanta Kumar (2007), Aspects of India’s International Relations, 1700 to 2000: South Asia and the World, Pearson Education India, p. 484, ISBN 978-81-317-0834-7, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 16 August 2019
- ^ Jump up to:a b c Akshayakumar Ramanlal Desai (1991). Expanding Governmental Lawlessness and Organized Struggles. Popular Prakashan. pp. 64–66. ISBN 978-81-7154-529-2.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 135.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d Pandya, Haresh (11 April 2007). “Jagjit Singh Chauhan, Sikh Militant Leader in India, Dies at 80”. The New York Times. Archived from the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 17 February 2017.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Axel, The Nation’s Tortured Body (2011), pp. 101–
- ^ Jump up to:a b Gupta, Shekhar; Subramanian, Nirupaman (15 December 1993). “You can’t get Khalistan through military movement: Jagat Singh Chouhan”. India Today. Archived from the original on 4 February 2021. Retrieved 29 November 2019.
- ^ Thomas, Jo (14 June 1984). “London Sikh Assumes Role of Exile Chief”. The New York Times. Archived from the original on 24 October 2018. Retrieved 24 October 2018.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c Dulat, A. S. (13 December 2020). “Genesis of tumultuous period in Punjab”. The Tribune. Chandigarh, India. Archived from the original on 24 June 2021. Retrieved 13 June 2021.
Bhindranwale never raised the demand for Khalistan or went beyond the Akali Anandpur Sahib Resolution, while he himself was prepared for negotiations to the very end.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Stevens, William K. (19 June 1984). “Punjab Raid: Unanswered Questions”. The News York Times. Archived from the original on 24 June 2021. Retrieved 12 June 2021.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d e Chima, Jugdep S (2008), The Sikh Separatist Insurgency in India: Political Leadership and Ethnonationalist Movements, India: Sage Publications, pp. 71–75, ISBN 978-81-321-0538-1, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 5 October 2020
- ^ Sharma, Sanjay (5 June 2011). “Bhajan Lal lived with ‘anti-Sikh, anti-Punjab’ image”. The Times of India. Archived from the original on 10 June 2011.
- ^ Stepan, Alfred; Linz, Juan J.; Yadav, Yogendra (2011), Crafting State-Nations: India and Other Multinational Democracies (Illustrated ed.), JHU Press, p. 97, ISBN 978-0-8018-9723-8, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 5 October 2020
- ^ Ghosh, Srikanta. 1997. Indian Democracy Derailed – Politics and Politicians. APH Publishing. ISBN 978-81-7024-866-8. p. 95.
- ^ Sisson, Mary. 2011. “Sikh Terrorism.” pp. 544–545 in The Sage Encyclopedia of Terrorism (2nd ed.), edited by G. Martin. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. ISBN 978-1-4129-8016-6. doi:10.4135/9781412980173.n368.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Sharma, Mool Chand, and A.K. Sharma, eds. 2004. “Discrimination Based on Religion Archived 24 October 2020 at the Wayback Machine.” pp. 108–110 in Discrimination Based on Sex, Caste, Religion, and Disability. New Delhi: National Council for Teacher Education. Archived from the original on 2 June 2010. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
- ^ Swami, Praveen (16 January 2014). “RAW chief consulted MI6 in build-up to Operation Bluestar”. The Hindu. Chennai, India. Archived from the original on 18 January 2014. Retrieved 9 August 2018.
- ^ Singh, Khushwant. 2004. A History of the Sikhs, Volume II: 1839–2004. New Delhi: Oxford University Press. p. 337.
- ^ Subramanian, L. N. (12 October 2006). “Operation Bluestar, 05 June 1984”. Bharat Rakshak Monitor. 3 (2). Archived from the original on 30 June 2020. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
- ^ Jump up to:a b “Sikh Leader in Punjab Accord Assassinated”. Los Angeles Times. Times Wire Services. 21 August 1985. Archived from the original on 29 January 2016. Retrieved 9 August 2018.
- ^ Tully, Mark; Jacob, Satish (1985). Amritsar: Mrs Gandhi’s Last Battle (5 ed.). J. Cape. p. 147. ISBN 978-0-22-402328-3. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ Wolpert, Stanley A., ed. (2009). “India”. Encyclopædia Britannica.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Gates, Scott; Roy, Kaushik (4 February 2014). “Insurgency and Counter-Insurgency in Punjab”. Unconventional Warfare in South Asia: Shadow Warriors and Counterinsurgency. Ashgate Publishing. p. 167. ISBN 978-1-40-943706-2. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ Diwanji, Amberish K. (4 June 2004). “There is a limit to how much a country can take”. The Rediff Interview/Lieutenant General Kuldip Singh Brar (retired). Rediff.com. Archived from the original on 3 December 2019. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ Walia, Varinder (20 March 2007). “Army reveals startling facts on Bluestar, says Longowal surrendered”. The Tribune. Amristar. Archived from the original on 4 August 2020. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ Jugdep S Chima (2008). The Sikh Separatist Insurgency in India: Political Leadership and Ethnonationalist Movements. Sage Publishing India. pp. 114–. ISBN 978-9351509530. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 13 March 2023.
- ^ White Paper on the Punjab Agitation. New Delhi: Government of India Press. 1984. p. 40. OL 1839009M. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ Karim, Afsir (1991). Counter Terrorism, the Pakistan Factor. Lancer Publishers. pp. 33–36. ISBN 978-8170621270. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 13 March 2023.
- ^ “Pakistan would have recognised Khalistan”. Rediff.com. 3 June 2004. Archived from the original on 29 January 2009. Retrieved 20 June 2006.
- ^ Andrew, Christopher M.; Mitrokhin, Vasili (2005). The Mitrokhin Archive II: The KGB and the World. Allen Lane. p. 336. ISBN 978-0-7139-9359-2. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 30 September 2022.
- ^ Andrew, Christopher (2008). The World Was Going Our Way: The KGB and the Battle for the Third World. DIANE Publishing Company. ISBN 978-1-4223-9312-3. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 30 September 2022.
- ^ Subramanian Swamy (1992). Building a New India: An Agenda for National Renaissance. UBS Publishers’ Distributors. p. 18. ISBN 978-81-85674-21-6. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 6 September 2022.
The 1984 Operation Bluestar became necessary because of the vast disinformation against Sant Bhindranwale by the KGB, and repeated inside Parliament by the Congress Party of India.
- ^ Guidry, John A., Michael D. Kennedy, and Mayer N. Zald, eds. 2000. Globalizations and Social Movements: Culture, Power, and the Transnational Public Sphere. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 978-0-472-06721-3. p. 319.
- ^ Nanavati, G. T. 9 February 2005. “Report of the Justice Nanavati Commission of Inquiry (1984 Anti-Sikh Riots) Archived 3 February 2021 at the Wayback Machine” 1. New Delhi: Ministry of Home Affairs. Archived from the original 27 November 2014. Retrieved 18 May 2020. Also available via People’s Archive of Rural India Archived 7 May 2020 at the Wayback Machine.
- ^ Jump up to:a b “What about the big fish?”. Tehelka. Anant Media. 25 August 2005. Archived from the original on 13 September 2012.
- ^ Singh, Swadesh Bahadur. 31 May 1996. “Cabinet berth for a Sikh.” Indian Express.
- ^ Kumar, Ram Narayan, et al. 2003. Reduced to Ashes: The Insurgency and Human Rights in Punjab. South Asia Forum for Human Rights. p. 43. Available via Committee for Information and Initiative on Punjab.
- ^ In Depth: Air India Archived 18 March 2005 at the Wayback Machine – The Victims, CBC News Online, 16 March 2005
- ^ “Free. Fair. Fearless”. Tehelka. Archived from the original on 12 September 2012.
- ^ “Jagmeet Singh now rejects glorification of Air India bombing mastermind”. CBC News. 15 March 2018. Archived from the original on 2 October 2020. Retrieved 4 August 2020.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c Gilligan, Andrew (21 April 2008). “Ken’s adviser is linked to terror group”. London Evening Standard. Archived from the original on 12 June 2009. Retrieved 26 May 2009.
- ^ Bolan, Kim (9 February 2008). “Air India bombmaker sent to holding centre”. Ottawa Citizen. Archived from the original on 9 November 2012. Retrieved 31 May 2009.
- ^ “Convicted Air India bomb-builder Inderjit Singh Reyat gets bail”. CBC News. 9 July 2008. Archived from the original on 10 July 2008. Retrieved 10 June 2009.
- ^ “Sikh Temple Sit-In Is a Challenge for Punjab.” The New York Times. 2 February 1986.
- ^ Singh, I. (10 July 2012). “Sarbat Khalsa and Gurmata”. SikhNet. Archived from the original on 12 June 2013. Retrieved 15 March 2013.
- ^ “Sant Nirankari Mission”. nirankari.org. Archived from the original on 13 January 2023. Retrieved 13 January 2023.
- ^ “Gunmen Slaughter 32 on Bus in India in Bloodiest Attack of Sikh Campaign”. The Philadelphia Inquirer, 7 July 1987. Page A03.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d Gargan, Edward (10 October 1991). “Envoy of Romania Abducted in India”. The New York Times. Archived from the original on 23 October 2018. Retrieved 17 February 2017.
- ^ Gurharpal Singh, Ethnic Conflict in India (2000), Chapters 8 & 9.
- ^ Gurharpal Singh, Ethnic Conflict in India (2000), Chapter 10.
- ^ “Amnesty International report on Punjab”. Amnesty International. 20 January 2003. Archived from the original on 3 December 2006.
- ^ “The Tribune, Chandigarh, India – Punjab”. Tribuneindia.com. Archived from the original on 5 June 2011. Retrieved 27 September 2015.
- ^ “SAD (A) to contest the coming SGPC elections on Khalistan issue: Mann”. PunjabNewsline.com. 14 January 2010. Archived from the original on 15 July 2011.
- ^ “Balwinder Singh Sandu”. Gallantry Awards. Archived from the original on 31 October 2020. Retrieved 29 October 2020.
- ^ “Gunmen Wound India Ambassador”. Los Angeles Times. 21 August 1991. Archived from the original on 10 October 2012. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ “World Notes India”. Time. 21 October 1991. Archived from the original on 30 September 2007. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ “Secret Injustice: The Harpal Singh Case | Part 1: Flashback”. The Sikh Sentinel. 17 September 2003. Archived from the original on 8 March 2012.
- ^ Talbot, India and Pakistan (2000), p. 272.
- ^ Simmons, Mary Kate (1998). Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization: yearbook. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. p. 187. ISBN 978-90-411-0223-2. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 3 August 2018.
- ^ “Issue Paper INDIA: Sikhs in Punjab 1994–95”. Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada. February 1996. Retrieved 31 May 2009.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d “U.S. Court Convicts Khalid Awan for Supporting Khalistan Commando Force”. The United States Attorney’s Office. 20 December 2006. Archived from the original on 15 January 2012. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ Mahmood, Cynthia. 5 May 1997. “Fax to Ted Albers.” Orono, Maine: Resource Information Center.
- ^ Documentation, Information and Research Branch. 17 February 1997. “India: Information from four specialists on the Punjab, Response to Information Request #IND26376.EX.” Ottawa: Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada.
- ^ “Protecting the Killers: A Policy of Impunity in Punjab, India: I. Summary”. Human Rights Watch. 9 October 2006. Archived from the original on 12 October 2008. Retrieved 11 January 2010.
- ^ Special Broadcasting Service:: Dateline – presented by George Negus Archived 28 August 2008 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ “The Hindu: Opinion / News Analysis: Is justice possible without looking for the truth?”. The Hindu. 9 September 2005. Archived from the original on 22 May 2008.
- ^ “India: A vital opportunity to end impunity in Punjab”. Amnesty International USA. Archived from the original on 25 June 2009.
- ^ “ASW”. Human Rights Watch. 1992. Archived from the original on 12 October 2012. Retrieved 11 January 2010.
- ^ “India: Time to Deliver Justice for Atrocities in Punjab”. Human Rights Watch. 18 October 2007. Archived from the original on 13 January 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ “Document – India: Break the cycle of impunity and torture in Punjab | Amnesty International”. Amnesty International. 2003. Archived from the original on 12 June 2011. Retrieved 11 January 2010.
- ^ Sehgal, Manjeet (23 September 2019). “Punjab: Four Khalistan Zindabad Force terrorists arrested in Taran Taran”. India Today. Archived from the original on 15 December 2019. Retrieved 27 December 2019.
- ^ Service, Tribune News. “NIA demands custody of 4 in Tarn Taran blast case”. Tribuneindia News Service. Archived from the original on 27 December 2019. Retrieved 27 December 2019.
- ^ Punj, Balbair (16 June 2005). “The Ghost of Khalistan”. The Sikh Times. Archived from the original on 4 December 2018. Retrieved 23 January 2007.
- ^ “Terror attacks in Punjab being planned by pro-Khalistan outfits with Pak’s support: Intelligence sources”. DNA India. 26 December 2019. Archived from the original on 27 December 2019. Retrieved 27 December 2019.
- ^ Nanjappa, Vicky (26 December 2019). “High alert declared after IB picks up intercepts on possible terror attack in Punjab”. Oneindia. Archived from the original on 27 December 2019. Retrieved 27 December 2019.
- ^ “Official Resolutions From Sarbat Khalsa 2015”. Sikh24.com. 11 November 2015. Archived from the original on 12 November 2015. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
- ^ “Khalistan slogans raised as Mann comes to meet Khalsa”. The Indian Express. 25 July 2015. Archived from the original on 27 August 2015. Retrieved 14 August 2015.
- ^ “Probable Resurgence of the Khalistan Movement: Role of the Sikh Diaspora – Science, Technology and Security forum”. stsfor.org. Archived from the original on 16 October 2015. Retrieved 2 April 2023.
- ^ “Responses to Information Requests”. irb-cisr.gc.ca. 5 June 2018. Archived from the original on 14 August 2019. Retrieved 14 August 2019.
- ^ “Pro-Khalistan slogans raised on Bluestar anniversary in Punjab”. Deccan Herald. 6 June 2015. Archived from the original on 25 July 2015. Retrieved 14 August 2015.
- ^ “Pro-Khalistan slogans raised during Punjab CM Parkash Singh Badal’s function”. The Indian Express. 26 July 2015. Archived from the original on 29 August 2015. Retrieved 14 August 2015.
- ^ Kumar, Ram Narayan (1997), The Sikh unrest and the Indian state: politics, personalities, and historical retrospective, Ajanta, ISBN 978-81-202-0453-9 quoted in Rediff On the Net Archived 15 August 2018 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Pettigrew, The Sikhs of the Punjab (1995), pp. 188–197.
- ^ Van Dyke, The Khalistan Movement (2009), p. 992.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Van Dyke, The Khalistan Movement (2009), p. 991.
- ^ Jump up to:a b “No chance of another Khalistan movement in Punjab: Defence experts”. Hindustan Times. ANI. 19 March 2016. Archived from the original on 6 May 2018. Retrieved 5 May 2018.
- ^ Dhillon, Simrat (December 2007). “The Sikh Diaspora and the Quest for Khalistan: A Search for Statehood or for Self-preservation?” (PDF). Institute of Peace and Conflict Studies. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 August 2019. Retrieved 26 May 2009.
- ^ Anand, Nisha. “Australian police releases pics of 6 men involved in Khalistan referendum brawl”. Hindustan Times.
- ^ “Brawl breaks out over Khalistan referendum in Australia; India raises concerns with authorities”. The Indian Express. 30 January 2023. Retrieved 13 October 2024.
- ^ “‘Appalled’: Australian envoy on attack by Khalistan elements on pro-India groups”. Hindustan Times.
- ^ “Police investigating attack on Brampton radio host after remarks on Punjabi actor”. The Globe and Mail. 24 February 2022. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
He told police he was approached near his Brampton studio Wednesday afternoon by three men who were shouting support for Mr. Sidhu, who was also a Sikh activist. “One of them pulled a gun on me, and the other hit me on the head with a beer bottle,” he told The Globe and Mail.
- ^ “‘Bhindranwale 2.0’: Radical Khalistan Sympathiser Amritpal Singh Active in Punjab”. NDTV News. Archived from the original on 24 February 2023. Retrieved 24 February 2023.
Often escorted by armed supporters and donning a flowing white ‘chola’ and a navy-blue turban, radical preacher and Khalistan sympathiser Amritpal Singh has been very active for some time in Punjab.
- ^ Sethi, Chitleen K. (23 February 2023). “Radical activist Amritpal storms Ajnala police station with supporters, secures aide’s release”. ThePrint. Archived from the original on 24 February 2023. Retrieved 24 February 2023.
- ^ “Radical preacher Amritpal Singh issue: Habeas corpus petition moved in HC seeking his ‘release'”. The Financial Express. Archived from the original on 19 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
- ^ [137][138][139]
- ^ “Deep Sidhu disliked Amritpal Singh, blocked his phone”. Tribune India. Archived from the original on 10 February 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ Matharu, Sonal (25 October 2022). “Fiery orator, ‘Bhindranwale 2.0’ – who’s Amritpal Singh, new ‘head’ of Deep Sidhu’s Waris Punjab De”. ThePrint. Archived from the original on 16 November 2022. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “The rise and fall of Amritpal Singh”. Tribune India. Archived from the original on 20 March 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “Unaware how Amritpal Singh declared himself head of ‘Waris Punjab De’, says Deep Sidhu’s kin”. Financialexpress. 24 February 2023. Archived from the original on 19 March 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “Amritpal Singh: Amrit Sanchar to focus on ‘de-addiction’ of youth”. Tribune India. Archived from the original on 16 November 2022. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “‘Khalistan shouldn’t be seen as…’: Amritpal Singh as Toofan to be freed today”. Hindustan Times. 24 February 2023. Archived from the original on 24 February 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “Amritpal Singh | A radical preacher”. The Hindu. 25 February 2023. ISSN 0971-751X. Archived from the original on 31 March 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ Mogul, Rhea (22 March 2023). “Khalistan: The outlawed Sikh separatist movement that has Indian authorities on edge”. CNN. Archived from the original on 23 March 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “‘Waris Punjab De’ chief Amritpal Singh arrested from Punjab’s Moga under NSA; shifted to Assam’s Dibrugarh jail”. The Hindu. 23 April 2023. ISSN 0971-751X. Archived from the original on 23 April 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “Watch: Sikhs attack Indian consulate in San Francisco, raise Khalistani flag to protest against crackdown on Amritpal Singh”. Free Press Journal. 20 March 2023. Archived from the original on 21 March 2023. Retrieved 21 March 2023.
- ^ Simon Little; Julie Nolin. “Journalist allegedly assaulted as Punjab tensions spill over into B.C.” Global News. Archived from the original on 21 March 2023. Retrieved 21 March 2023.
- ^ “Indian High Commission: Diplomat summoned after London protest”. BBC News. 20 March 2023. Archived from the original on 25 June 2023. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
- ^ “Amritpal Singh’s brother-in-law key accused in attack on Indian high commission in Canada”. Hindustan Times. 24 June 2023. Archived from the original on 5 July 2023. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
- ^ “Pro-Khalistan protesters tried to set on fire India’s consulate in San Francisco”. The Tribune India. Archived from the original on 25 June 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “Senior Indian journalist attacked by pro-Khalistanis outside Indian Embassy in Washington”. Deccan Herald. 26 March 2023. Archived from the original on 25 June 2023. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
- ^ “Journalist allegedly assaulted as Punjab tensions spill over into B.C.” Global News. Archived from the original on 21 March 2023. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
- ^ “Journalist allegedly assaulted as Punjab tensions spill over into B.C.” Global News. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
- ^ “‘Mr Taranjit Singh Sandhu…’: Khalistan supporter threatens Indian envoy to US | Watch”. Hindustan Times. 26 March 2023. Archived from the original on 27 June 2023. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
- ^ Anirudh Bhattacharyya (27 April 2018). “Canadian police frees Khalistani ‘separatist’ Hardeep Nijjar after 24 hours in custody”. Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 21 September 2023. Retrieved 19 September 2023.
- ^ “2nd attack since March: Indian consulate set on fire in San Francisco; US condemns violence”. The Times of India. 4 July 2023. ISSN 0971-8257. Archived from the original on 4 July 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ Jump up to:a b “US condemns vandalism, attempted arson against Indian Consulate in San Francisco”. Tribune India. Archived from the original on 4 July 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “US condemns vandalism at Indian consulate in San Francisco”. Reuters. 4 July 2023. Archived from the original on 4 July 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “‘Heated’ demonstration at Indian consulate in Toronto sees one arrested”. The Globe and Mail. 9 July 2023. Archived from the original on 14 July 2023. Retrieved 14 July 2023.
Some online posters ahead of the event said “Kill India” and suggested, without evidence, that Indian diplomats played a role in Mr. Nijjar’s death.
- ^ “A year after Hardeep Singh Nijjar’s death, mysteries remain about how he really lived”. The Globe and Mail. 22 June 2024. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
- ^ “Pro-Khalistani Group in Toronto Glorifies Beant Singh’s Killer, Indian Authorities to Raise Issue With Canada | EXCLUSIVE”. News18. 2 September 2024. Retrieved 13 October 2024.
- ^ “Canada: Pro-Khalistan rallies feature floats celebrating 1995 Beant Singh bombing”. Business Today. 1 September 2024. Retrieved 13 October 2024.
- ^ “‘I will not be silenced’: Calgary radio host attack caught on CCTV”. Global News. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
- ^ “Calgary radio host speaks out after being attacked outside banquet hall”. Global News. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
- ^ “Indo-Canadian mediaperson, attacked by two persons, blames ‘pro-Khalistan’ elements”. Hindustan Times.
- ^ “Calgary police investigating weekend assault of radio host”. CTV News Calgary. 1 October 2024. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
- ^ “Radio journalist says he was assaulted in attack over news coverage”. Calgary Herald.
City police are seeking two suspects in an assault on a well-known radio journalist in Calgary’s northeast that apparently targeted his reporting on crime issues within the Sikh community.
- ^ “Calgary police probe assault of RED FM news director”. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation.
Staff Sgt. John Guigon said Nagar was struck in the head but was not seriously hurt, and that the incident was captured on video. “It was not a pleasant situation,” he said.”[It is] particularly troubling to us when a member of the media gets attacked in a democracy…. We’re throwing resources at it.”
- ^ [167][168][169][170][171][172]
- ^ Sharma, Abhinav (3 October 2024). “Canadian radio journalist Rishi Nagar attacked by Khalistani groups in Canada”. Diya TV. Retrieved 4 October 2024.
A group of men supportive of the Khalistan separatist movement violently assaulted Canada-based RED FM News Director Rishi Nagar allegedly for refusing to align with their agenda.
- ^ Moharib, Nadia (30 September 2024). “Man threatened outside NE temple, two arrested: Calgary police”. CityNews Calgary. Retrieved 11 October 2024.
- ^ Bradley, Jonathan (1 October 2024). “RED FM Calgary host says attack will not stop his journalism”. Western Standard. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
- ^ Bradley, Jonathan (2 October 2024). “UPDATED: Poilievre, Smith say they are disturbed by attack on RED FM Calgary host”. Western Standard. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
- ^ “Journalists reporting against Khalistan groups under attack in Canada, says Indian-origin MP”. The Tribune. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
- ^ O’Brien, Raju Mudhar, Abby (9 November 2024). “‘This is not a Hindu and Sikh battle’: The complex history behind protests that erupted at Brampton temples this week over Indian consular visits”. Toronto Star. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
In another video, individuals holding pro-Khalistan flagpoles can be seen running onto the property, striking those inside the perimeter with them. A chaotic scene ensues.
- ^ Aguilar, Bryann (3 November 2024). “Police increase their presence at Hindu temple in Brampton after protest”. CP24. Retrieved 3 November 2024.
- ^ ICI.Radio-Canada.ca, Zone Justice et faits divers- (4 November 2024). “3 arrested and charged after protest at Brampton Hindu temple, police say”. Radio-Canada.ca (in Canadian French). Retrieved 4 November 2024.
- ^ O’Brien, Raju Mudhar, Abby (9 November 2024). “‘This is not a Hindu and Sikh battle’: The complex history behind protests that erupted at Brampton temples this week over Indian consular visits”. Toronto Star. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
The clash saw three people arrested and an off-duty police officer who participated in the protest, Sergeant Harinder Sohi, suspended.
- ^ “Peel cop suspended after participating in protest outside Hindu temple”. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation.
- ^ “Who Is The Suspended Cop Harinder Sohi And What Happened At The Pro-Khalistan Protest?”. TheDailyGuardian. Retrieved 4 November 2024.
- ^ O’Brien, Raju Mudhar, Abby (9 November 2024). “‘This is not a Hindu and Sikh battle’: The complex history behind protests that erupted at Brampton temples this week over Indian consular visits”. Toronto Star. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
The video then appears to show one of the officers breaking away from his colleagues, running onto temple property, and repeatedly striking an individual. When reached for comment, Peel police said it was aware of the video and was looking into it.
- ^ “Video: Canadian cop punches Hindu man protesting against pro-Khalistan mob attack”. India Today. 4 November 2024. Retrieved 4 November 2024.
- ^ “Fears of more clashes between Sikhs and Hindus in Brampton, Ont., as Canada-India rift spills over into suburbs”. The Globe and Mail. 8 November 2024. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
The Khalistani protesters claimed the event at the Hindu temple Sunday – where Indian consular staff were helping Indian immigrants apply for government pensions – was part of surveillance efforts to keep tabs on pro-Khalistan Sikhs.
- ^ O’Brien, Raju Mudhar, Abby (9 November 2024). “‘This is not a Hindu and Sikh battle’: The complex history behind protests that erupted at Brampton temples this week over Indian consular visits”. Toronto Star. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
It was the presence of Indian Consular officials, who have been visiting communities to help older people in the diaspora who may be entitled to pensions, that prompted SFJ to plan Sunday’s demonstration.
- ^ “Violent clashes erupt outside consular camp at Hindu temple in Canada’s Brampton”. The Hindu. 4 November 2024. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
Most beneficiaries of the consular service organised by the Indian High Commission in Brampton were Sikh members of the Indian diaspora.
- ^ “Fears of more clashes between Sikhs and Hindus in Brampton, Ont., as Canada-India rift spills over into suburbs”. The Globe and Mail. 8 November 2024. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
- ^ O’Brien, Raju Mudhar, Abby (9 November 2024). “‘This is not a Hindu and Sikh battle’: The complex history behind protests that erupted at Brampton temples this week over Indian consular visits”. Toronto Star. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
- ^ Lavoie, Joanna (9 November 2024). “Another person charged following violent demonstrations in Peel Region”. CP24. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
- ^ “Clashes erupted outside a Hindu temple near Toronto. They’re the latest sign of Canada and India’s spiraling relations”. CNN.
- ^ Jump up to:a b “Not one of its leaders elected since 1999, SAD (Amritsar) still contests polls demanding Khalistan”. The Indian Express. 22 January 2022. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
Headed by former MP Simranjit Singh Mann, a retired IPS officer, SAD (Amritsar) is the only party which still contests the elections in Punjab with demand for a separate Khalistan.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Takkar, Jatin (4 June 2024). “Pro-Khalistan separatists Amritpal and Sarabjeet lead over rivals”. The Economic Times. ISSN 0013-0389. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
- ^ Sethi, Chitleen K. (5 June 2024). “Amritpal, Sarabjeet Singh Khalsa — Sikh radicals’ poll victories pose challenge for Mann govt”. ThePrint. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
Amritpal Singh won from Khadoor Sahib by biggest margin this election in Punjab & Beant Singh’s son Khalsa won in Faridkot. But, Simranjit Singh Mann lost his Sangrur seat.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c “General Election to Parliamentary Constituencies: Trends & Results June-2024”. Election Commission of India.
- ^ “Father didn’t care and laid down his life, Sikh community pulled family through troubled times: Sarabjit Singh Khalsa”. The Economic Times. 6 June 2024. ISSN 0013-0389. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
Six-year-old Sarabjit when his father Beant Singh, a Delhi police SI who was part of the PM’s security detail, along with another of her bodyguards, Satwant Singh, assassinated Indira Gandhi in October 1984.
- ^ Pettigrew, The Sikhs of the Punjab (1995), p. 24.
- ^ Aggarwal, J. C.; Agrawal, S. P. (1992), Modern History of Punjab, Concept Publishing Company, p. 117, ISBN 978-81-7022-431-0
- ^ Jump up to:a b Puri, Harish K., Paramjit Singh Judge, and Jagrup Singh Sekhon. 1999. Terrorism in Punjab: Understanding Grassroots Reality. New Delhi: Har-Anand Publications. pp. 68–71.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 133.
- ^ Jump up to:a b “Council Common Position 2005/427/CFSP of 6 June 2005 updating Common Position 2001/931/CFSP on the application of specific measures to combat terrorism and repealing Common Position 2005/220/CFSP” (PDF). European Union. 6 June 2005. p. 5. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 June 2013. Retrieved 31 May 2009.
- ^ “Currently listed entities (terrorist organizations-ed)”. Public Safety Canada. Archived from the original on 26 June 2009. Retrieved 31 May 2009.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f Milewski, Terry (28 June 2007). “Sikh politics in Canada. Symbols and suits. Sikh extremism enters mainstream Canadian politics”. CBC. Archived from the original on 1 June 2009. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ Jump up to:a b “Proscribed terrorist groups”. UK Office for Security and Counter Terrorism. Archived from the original on 15 June 2009. Retrieved 24 May 2009.
- ^ “Terrorist Exclusion List”. U. S. Bureau of Counterterrorism and Countering Violent Extremism. 29 December 2004. Archived from the original on 13 May 2009. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ “Appendix F: Countering Terrorism on the Economic Front” (PDF). US Department of State. p. 2. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 November 2020. Retrieved 31 May 2009.
- ^ Mahmood (1996), p. 328
- ^ Martha Crenshaw, ed. (1995), Terrorism in Context, Pennsylvania State University Press, p. 656, ISBN 978-0-271-01015-1, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 29 August 2020
- ^ Atkins, Stephen E. (2004), Encyclopedia of modern worldwide extremists and extremist groups (illustrated ed.), Greenwood Publishing Group, p. 404, ISBN 978-0-313-32485-7, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 26 June 2009
- ^ “Foreign Terrorist Organizations”. U. S. Department of State. 8 April 2008. Archived from the original on 13 May 2009.
- ^ “Law Enforcement Cases: International Narcotics Control Strategy Report: Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs”. US Department of State. March 2008. Archived from the original on 16 August 2019. Retrieved 8 June 2009.
- ^ Office of the Coordinator for Counterterrorism (April 1996). “1995 Patterns of Global Terrorism”. Federation of American Scientists. Archived from the original on 22 January 2009. Retrieved 30 May 2009.
- ^ Pratap, Anita (22 May 1996). “Bus explosion in India kills at least 14: It’s the second bombing in two days”. New Delhi: CNN. Archived from the original on 8 November 2012. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ “CNN – Fatal bomb meant to disrupt – April 21, 1996”. cnn.com. Archived from the original on 8 November 2012. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ “KZF behind Jalandhar blasts”. The Indian Express. 19 June 2006. Archived from the original on 5 June 2009. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ “Patterns of Global Terrorism: 1997 – appendix B”. U. S. Department of State. 1997. Archived from the original on 23 November 2010. Retrieved 25 May 2009.
- ^ Nayar, Kuldip (22 February 1999). “It is fundamentalism again”. Rediff.com. Archived from the original on 5 January 2012. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ Juergensmeyer, Mark (14 October 2004). “From Bhindranwale to Bin Laden: Understanding Religious Violence” (PDF). Self. p. 30. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 July 2011. Retrieved 26 May 2009.
- ^ Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 136.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 132.
- ^ Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 137.
- ^ Downing, John D. H. (2011). Encyclopedia of Social Movement Media. Sage. p. 290. ISBN 978-0-7619-2688-7. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 25 October 2018.
- ^ Simmons, Mary Kate (1998). Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization: yearbook. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. p. 187. ISBN 978-90-411-0223-2. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 5 October 2020.
- ^ Anderson, Edward T. G. (1 January 2024). Hindu Nationalism in the Indian Diaspora: Transnational Politics and British Multiculturalism. Oxford University Press. p. 333. ISBN 978-0-19-778328-3.
- ^ Behera, Demystifying Kashmir (2007), pp. 87–88.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Haqqani, Pakistan Between the Mosque and Military (2010), pp. 270–271.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Sirrs, Pakistan’s Inter-Services Intelligence Directorate (2016), p. 167.
- ^ Haqqani, Pakistan Between the Mosque and Military (2010), p. 272.
- ^ “Canadian gets 14 years for funding terrorists”. The Globe and Mail. 13 September 2007. Archived from the original on 24 September 2021. Retrieved 5 October 2018.
- ^ Nanjappa, Vicky (10 June 2008). “200 Pak organisations raise funds for terror: IB”. Rediff.com. Archived from the original on 22 July 2021. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Markham, James M. (16 June 1984). “India Talks of C.I.A. Role in Unrest”. The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 28 November 2019. Retrieved 28 November 2019.
- ^ “CIA, ISI encouraged Sikh terrorism”. The Times of India. Press Trust of India. 26 July 2007. Archived from the original on 1 April 2020. Retrieved 28 November 2019.
- ^ “US, Pak ISI had a hand in Punjab militancy: Book”. Hindustan Times. 26 July 2007. Archived from the original on 6 February 2021. Retrieved 1 December 2019.
- ^ Nakashima, Ellen; Shih, Gerry; Amanda, Coletta (29 November 2023). “U.S. prosecutors allege assassination plot of Sikh separatist directed by Indian government employee”. The Washington Post. Retrieved 29 November 2023.
- ^ “Sikh extremism spread fast in Canada”. expressindia.com. 23 May 2007. Archived from the original on 14 October 2012. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ “Sikh extremism in Canada mushroomed very quickly”. rediff.com. 23 May 2007. Archived from the original on 28 March 2012. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ Brown, Jim (22 November 2007). “The reign of terror is still there”. Toronto Star. Archived from the original on 12 October 2012. Retrieved 2 September 2017.
- ^ Kay, Jonathan (17 November 2008). “A true Sikh martyr: Jonathan Kay on the 10th anniversary of the assassination of Tara Singh Hayer”. The National Post. Retrieved 7 June 2009.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Bolan, Kim (2006). Loss of Faith: How the Air-India Bombers Got Away With Murder (Paperback ed.). McClelland & Stewart. p. 388 (Chapters 6 and 7). ISBN 978-0-7710-1131-3.
- ^ “Testimony: Babbar Khalsa Ordered Tara Singh Hayer Slaying”. CanWest News Service. 14 December 2003. Archived from the original on 28 September 2011. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ Summers, Chris (2 June 2000). “Call for end to Sikh murder mystery”. BBC News. Archived from the original on 12 November 2013. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ Summers, Chris (17 March 2005). “Call for police to solve Sikh murder”. BBC News. Archived from the original on 7 May 2010. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ “Netfirms | This site is temporarily unavailable”. Worldsikh.ca. Archived from the original on 1 January 2012. Retrieved 27 September 2015.
- ^ Grewal, San (11 July 2007). “Sikh organization sues CBC”. Toronto Star. Archived from the original on 27 January 2020. Retrieved 27 January 2020.
- ^ “Canadian journalist hits out at Sikh extremism”. The Times of India. 1 July 2007.[dead link]
- ^ Morley, Robert. “Sikh Terrorism Enters Politics in Canada”. The Trumpet. Archived from the original on 2 June 2011. Retrieved 25 May 2009.
- ^ Thorne, Barry (6 March 2008). “India PM warns against renewed Sikh extremism”. Radio Netherlands Worldwide. Archived from the original on 10 March 2008.
- ^ Bolan, Kim (11 March 2008). “Sikh separatist threat on rise in Canada: Indian PM warns of resurgent threat in Canada”. Vancouver Sun. Archived from the original on 12 November 2013.
- ^ “Amarinder Singh meets Justin Trudeau and Canada’s ‘Khalistani sympathiser’ minister”. The Times of India. 21 February 2018. Archived from the original on 11 October 2018. Retrieved 8 June 2018.
- ^ Singh, Surjit; Sharma, Anil (21 February 2018). “Khalistan figures in Trudeau-Amarinder talks, Punjab CM hands over list of 9 Canada-based radicals”. Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 8 June 2018.
- ^ Connolly, Amanda. “Jagmeet Singh defends speaking at Sikh separatist rally in 2015”. Global News. Archived from the original on 23 May 2018. Retrieved 22 May 2018.
- ^ “Khalistan no issue either in Canada or Punjab, says Sukhbir Badal”. Hindustan Times. 23 February 2018. Archived from the original on 11 March 2018. Retrieved 11 March 2018.
- ^ Milewski, Terry (September 2020). “Khalistan: A project of Pakistan” (PDF). Macdonald-Laurier Institute. Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 December 2020. Retrieved 4 February 2021.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c Pathi, Krutika (19 September 2023). “India expels Canadian diplomat, escalating tensions after Trudeau accuses India in Sikh’s killing”. AP News. Archived from the original on 19 September 2023. Retrieved 19 September 2023.
- ^ Staff, Star (14 October 2024). “Canada and India each expel six diplomats amid murder investigation of Sikh activist in B.C.” Toronto Star. Retrieved 27 November 2024.
- ^ “Trudeau accuses India in killing of Sikh leader on Canadian soil”. The Globe and Mail. 18 September 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2024.
- ^ “Sikh separatists ‘funded from UK'”. BBC News. 4 March 2008. Archived from the original on 26 March 2012. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ Bassey, Amardeep (26 February 2008). “TRANSCRIPT OF “FILE ON 4″- ‘SIKH GROUPS'” (PDF). BBC News. p. 20. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 February 2022. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ “Foreign Terrorist Organizations”. U. S. Department of State. 8 April 2008. Archived from the original on 13 May 2009.
- ^ “Terrorism: What You Need To Know About U.S. Sanctions”. U.S. Department of Treasury. Archived from the original on 20 October 2011. Retrieved 24 May 2009.
- ^ Gilligan, Andrew (21 April 2008). “Sikh civil servant who backs ‘martyr’ is now on TfL board” (PDF). Evening Standard. London. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 June 2009.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Bolan, Kim (18 February 2008). “Sikh leader solicits support”. Vancouver Sun. Archived from the original on 3 June 2009.
- ^ “Sikh separatists ‘funded from UK'”. BBC. 4 March 2008. Archived from the original on 14 December 2021. Retrieved 24 April 2008.
- Bibliography
- Axel, Brian Keith (2001), The nation’s Tortured Body: Violence, representation, and the formation of a Sikh “Diaspora”, Duke University Press, ISBN 978-0-8223-2615-1
- Behera, Navnita Chadha (2007), Demystifying Kashmir, Pearson Education India, ISBN 978-8131708460
- Deol, Harnik (2000), Religion and Nationalism in India: The case of the Punjab, Routledge, ISBN 978-0-415-20108-7
- Fair, C. Christine (2005), “Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies: Insights from the Khalistan and Tamil Eelam Movements”, Nationalism and Ethnic Politics, 11: 125–156, doi:10.1080/13537110590927845, S2CID 145552863
- Ghosh, Srikanta (1997), Indian Democracy Derailed – Politics and Politicians, APH Publishing, ISBN 978-81-7024-866-8, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 16 August 2019
- Haqqani, Husain (2010), Pakistan: Between Mosque and Military, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, ISBN 978-0-87003-285-1
- Jodhka, Surinder S. (21 April 2001), “Looking Back at the Khalistan Movement: Some Recent Researches on Its Rise and Decline”, Economic and Political Weekly, 36 (16): 1311–1318
- Jolly, Surjit (1988), Sikh Revivalist Movements, Gitanjali Publishing House, ISBN 978-81-85060-23-1, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 24 December 2018
- Mahmood, Cynthia Keppley (1996), Fighting for Faith and Nation, Series in Contemporary Ethnography, University of Pennsylvania Press, ISBN 978-0-8122-1592-2, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 29 August 2020
- Nayar, Kuldip; Singh, Kushwant (1985), Tragedy of Punjab, Vision Books, ISBN 1-85127-069-8, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 24 December 2018
- Pettigrew, Joyce (1995), The Sikhs of the Punjab: Unheard Voices of State and Guerrilla Violence, Zed Books, ISBN 978-1-85649-355-0
- Shah, Mehtab Ali (1997), The Foreign Policy of Pakistan: Ethnic Impacts on Diplomacy 1971–1994, I.B.Tauris, ISBN 978-1-86064-169-5
- Shani, Giorgio (2005), “Beyond Khalistan? Sikh diasporic identity and critical international theory1”, Sikh Formations, 1 (1): 57–74, doi:10.1080/17448720500132565, S2CID 145300683
- Shani, Giorgio (2008), Sikh Nationalism and Identity in a Global Age, Routledge, ISBN 978-0-415-42190-4, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 24 December 2018
- Singh, Gurharpal (2000), Ethnic Conflict in India: A Case-Study of Punjab, Palgrave Macmillan UK, ISBN 978-0-333-98177-1, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 3 December 2018
- Sirrs, Owen L. (2016). Pakistan’s Inter-Services Intelligence Directorate: Covert Action and Internal Operations. Routledge. p. 167. ISBN 978-1-317-19609-9.
- Tambiah, Stanley Jeyaraja (1996), Leveling Crowds: Ethnonationalist conflicts and collective violence in South Asia, University of California Press, ISBN 978-0-520-20642-7, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 24 December 2018
- Talbot, Ian (2000), India and Pakistan: Inventing the Nation, Bloomsbury Academic, ISBN 978-0-340-70633-6, archived from the original on 7 February 2023, retrieved 3 December 2018
- Van Dyke, Virginia (2009), “The Khalistan Movement in Punjab, India, and the Post-Militancy Era: Structural Change and New Political Compulsions”, Asian Survey, 49 (6): 975–997, doi:10.1525/as.2009.49.6.975
- References
- Citations
- ^ Shah, Murtaza Ali (27 January 2022). “Khalistan flag installed on Gandhi Statue in Washington”. Geo News. Archived from the original on 31 July 2022. Retrieved 31 July 2022.
- ^ Kinnvall, Catarina (24 January 2007). “Situating Sikh and Hindu Nationalism in India”. Globalization and Religious Nationalism in India: The Search for Ontological Security. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-13-413570-7. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 14 August 2015.
- ^ Crenshaw, Martha, 1995, Terrorism in Context, Pennsylvania State University, ISBN 978-0-271-01015-1 p. 364
- ^ Canton, Naomi (10 June 2022). “Banned SFJ leader unveils ‘Khalistan map’, with Shimla as ‘capital’, before Pak press in Lahore”. The Times of India. Archived from the original on 10 February 2023. Retrieved 26 March 2023.
- ^ Mehtab Ali Shah, The Foreign Policy of Pakistan 1997, pp. 24–25.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Axel, Brian Keith (2001). The Nation’s Tortured Body: Violence, Representation, and the Formation of a Sikh “Diaspora”. Duke University Press. p. 84. ISBN 978-0-8223-2615-1. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
The call for a Sikh homeland was first made in the 1930s, addressed to the quickly dissolving empire.
- ^ Shani, Giorgio (2007). Sikh Nationalism and Identity in a Global Age. Routledge. p. 51. ISBN 978-1-134-10189-4. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
However, the term Khalistan was first coined by Dr V.S. Bhatti to denote an independent Sikh state in March 1940. Dr Bhatti made the case for a separate Sikh state in a pamphlet entitled ‘Khalistan’ in response to the Muslim League’s Lahore Resolution.
- ^ Bianchini, Stefano; Chaturvedi, Sanjay; Ivekovic, Rada; Samaddar, Ranabir (2004). Partitions: Reshaping States and Minds. Routledge. p. 121. ISBN 978-1-134-27654-7. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
Around the same time, a pamphlet of about forty pages, entitled ‘Khalistan’, and authored by medical doctor, V.S. Bhatti, also appeared.
- ^ Gupta, Shekhar; Subramanian, Nirupaman (15 December 1993). “You can’t get Khalistan through military movement: Jagat Singh Chouhan”. India Today. Archived from the original on 4 February 2021. Retrieved 29 November 2019.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d “New brand of Sikh militancy: Suave, tech-savvy pro-Khalistan youth radicalised on social media”. Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 4 March 2021. Retrieved 27 April 2018.
- ^ Jump up to:a b “India gives Trudeau list of suspected Sikh separatists in Canada”. Reuters. 22 February 2018. Archived from the original on 3 February 2021. Retrieved 22 May 2018.
The Sikh insurgency petered out in the 1990s. He told state leaders his country would not support anyone trying to reignite the movement for an independent Sikh homeland called Khalistan.
- ^ Fair, C. Christine (2005). “Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies: Insights from the Khalistan and Tamil Eelam Movements”. Nationalism and Ethnic Politics. 11: 125–156. doi:10.1080/13537110590927845. ISSN 1353-7113. S2CID 145552863.
- ^ Weisman, Steven R. “A Top Indian General is Assassinated”, Seattle Post-Intelligencer, 11 August 1986.
- ^ “The Vaidya Murder Case: Confirming Death Sentences”, India Abroad. (New York edition). New York, N.Y.: 24 July 1992. Vol.XXII, Issue. 43; pg.20.
- ^ “Punjab on edge over hanging of Beant Singh’s killer Bhai Balwant Singh Rajoana”. India Today. 28 March 2012. Archived from the original on 29 March 2012. Retrieved 28 March 2012.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f g h Van Dyke, The Khalistan Movement (2009), p. 990.
- ^ Ali, Haider (6 June 2018). “Mass protests erupt around Golden Temple complex as pro-Khalistan sikhs mark Blue Star anniversary”. Daily Pakistan. Archived from the original on 6 July 2020. Retrieved 25 June 2018.
- ^ “UK: Pakistani-origin lawmaker leads protests in London to call for Kashmir, Khalistan freedom”. Scroll. 27 January 2018. Archived from the original on 3 February 2021. Retrieved 29 June 2018.
- ^ Bhattacharyya, Anirudh (5 June 2017). “Pro-Khalistan groups plan event in Canada to mark Operation Bluestar anniversary”. Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 4 February 2021. Retrieved 6 July 2018.
- ^ Majumdar, Ushinor. “Sikh Extremists in Canada, The UK And Italy Are Working With ISI Or Independently”. Outlook India. Archived from the original on 20 July 2019. Retrieved 8 June 2018.
Q. Is it clear which “foreign hand” is driving this entire nexus? A. Evidence gathered by the police and other agencies points to the ISI as the key perpetrator of extremism in Punjab. (Amarinder Singh Indian Punjab Chief Minister)
- ^ “Simranjit Singh Mann stokes row, dedicates Sangrur win to Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale: Know about pro-Khalistan leader”, Firstpost, 27 June 2022, archived from the original on 27 June 2022, retrieved 27 June 2022
- ^ “Sangrur Bypoll Results Live: AAP loses Bhagwant Mann’s seat, SAD-A wins by 6,800 votes”, Hindustan Times, 26 June 2022, archived from the original on 26 June 2022, retrieved 26 June 2022
- ^ Wallace, Paul (1986). “The Sikhs as a “Minority” in a Sikh Majority State in India”. Asian Survey. 26 (3): 363–377. doi:10.2307/2644197. ISSN 0004-4687. JSTOR 2644197.
Over 8,000,000 of India’s 10,378,979 Sikhs were concentrated in Punjab
- ^ Jolly, Sikh Revivalist Movements (1988), p. 6.
- ^ Purewal, Navtej K. (2017). Living on the Margins: Social Access to Shelter in Urban South Asia. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-351-74899-5. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
The wrangling between various Sikh groupings were resolved by the nineteenth century when Maharajah Ranjit Singh unified the Punjab from Peshawar t the Sutluj River.
- ^ Panton, Kenneth J. (2015). Historical Dictionary of the British Empire. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 470. ISBN 978-0-8108-7524-1. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
A second conflict, just two years later, led to complete subjugation of the Sikhs and the incorporation of the remainder of their lands
- ^ Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 127.
- ^ Axel, Brian Keith (2001). The Nation’s Tortured Body: Violence, Representation, and the Formation of a Sikh “Diaspora”. Duke University Press. p. 85. ISBN 978-0-8223-2615-1. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
The Akalis viewed the Lahore Resolution and the Cripps Mission as a betrayal of the Sikhs and an attempt to usurp what, since the time of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, was historically a Sikh territory.
- ^ Tan, Tai Yong; Kudaisya, Gyanesh (2005) [First published 2000], The Aftermath of Partition in South Asia, Routledge, p. 100, ISBN 978-0-415-28908-5,
The professed intention of the Muslim League to impose a Muslim state on the Punjab (a Muslim majority province) was anathema to the Sikhs … the Sikhs launched a virulent campaign against the Lahore Resolution … Sikh leaders of all political persuasions made it clear that Pakistan would be ‘wholeheartedly resisted’.
- ^ Axel, Brian Keith (2001). The Nation’s Tortured Body: Violence, Representation, and the Formation of a Sikh “Diaspora”. Duke University Press. p. 84. ISBN 978-0-8223-2615-1. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
Against the nationalist ideology of a united India, which called for all groups to set aside “communal” differences, the Shiromani Akali Dal Party of the 1930s rallied around the proposition of a Sikh panth (community) that was separate from Hindus and Muslims.
- ^ Shani, Giorgio (2007). Sikh Nationalism and Identity in a Global Age. Routledge. p. 52. ISBN 978-1-134-10189-4. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
Khalistan was imagined as a theocratic state, a mirror-image of ‘Muslim’ Pakistan, led by the Maharaja of Patiala with the aid of a cabinet consisting of representing federating units.
- ^ Shah, Mehtab Ali (1997), The Foreign Policy of Pakistan: Ethnic Impacts on Diplomacy 1971–1994, I.B.Tauris, ISBN 978-1-86064-169-5, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 5 October 2020
- ^ Hill, K.; Seltzer, W.; Leaning, J.; Malik, S.J.; Russell, S. S.; Makinson, C. (2003), A Demographic Case Study of Forced Migration: The 1947 Partition of India, Harvard University Asia Center, archived from the original on 6 December 2008
- ^ McLeod, W. H. (1989), The Sikhs: History, Religion, and Society, Columbia University Press, ISBN 978-0-231-06815-4
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 129.
- ^ “Gurudwaras Outside of Punjab State”. Gateway To Sikhism. 30 November 1999. Archived from the original on 2 March 2021. Retrieved 17 October 2020.
- ^ Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 130.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d e Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 128.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 134.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f g h Jetly, Rajshree. 2006. “The Khalistan Movement in India: The Interplay of Politics and State Power.” International Review of Modern Sociology 34(1):61–62. JSTOR 41421658.
- ^ “Hindu-Sikh relations – I”. The Tribune. Chandigarh, India: Tribuneindia.com. 3 November 2003. Archived from the original on 5 June 2011.
- ^ Chawla, Muhammad Iqbal. 2017. The Khalistan Movement of 1984: A Critical Appreciation.
- ^ “The Punjab Reorganisation Act, 1966” (PDF). Government of India. 18 September 1966. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 January 2012.
- ^ Stanley Wolpert (2005). India. University of California Press. p. 216. ISBN 9780520246966. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 11 March 2023.
- ^ Mitra, Subrata K. (2007), The Puzzle of India’s Governance: Culture, Context and Comparative Theory, Advances in South Asian Studies: Routledge, p. 94, ISBN 978-1-134-27493-2, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 6 March 2018
- ^ Singh, Khushwant (2004), “The Anandpur Sahib Resolution and Other Akali Demands”, A History of the Sikhs: Volume 2: 1839–2004, Oxford University Press, doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195673098.001.0001, ISBN 978-0-19-567309-8
- ^ Ray, Jayanta Kumar (2007), Aspects of India’s International Relations, 1700 to 2000: South Asia and the World, Pearson Education India, p. 484, ISBN 978-81-317-0834-7, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 16 August 2019
- ^ Jump up to:a b c Akshayakumar Ramanlal Desai (1991). Expanding Governmental Lawlessness and Organized Struggles. Popular Prakashan. pp. 64–66. ISBN 978-81-7154-529-2.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 135.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d Pandya, Haresh (11 April 2007). “Jagjit Singh Chauhan, Sikh Militant Leader in India, Dies at 80”. The New York Times. Archived from the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 17 February 2017.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Axel, The Nation’s Tortured Body (2011), pp. 101–
- ^ Jump up to:a b Gupta, Shekhar; Subramanian, Nirupaman (15 December 1993). “You can’t get Khalistan through military movement: Jagat Singh Chouhan”. India Today. Archived from the original on 4 February 2021. Retrieved 29 November 2019.
- ^ Thomas, Jo (14 June 1984). “London Sikh Assumes Role of Exile Chief”. The New York Times. Archived from the original on 24 October 2018. Retrieved 24 October 2018.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c Dulat, A. S. (13 December 2020). “Genesis of tumultuous period in Punjab”. The Tribune. Chandigarh, India. Archived from the original on 24 June 2021. Retrieved 13 June 2021.
Bhindranwale never raised the demand for Khalistan or went beyond the Akali Anandpur Sahib Resolution, while he himself was prepared for negotiations to the very end.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Stevens, William K. (19 June 1984). “Punjab Raid: Unanswered Questions”. The News York Times. Archived from the original on 24 June 2021. Retrieved 12 June 2021.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d e Chima, Jugdep S (2008), The Sikh Separatist Insurgency in India: Political Leadership and Ethnonationalist Movements, India: Sage Publications, pp. 71–75, ISBN 978-81-321-0538-1, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 5 October 2020
- ^ Sharma, Sanjay (5 June 2011). “Bhajan Lal lived with ‘anti-Sikh, anti-Punjab’ image”. The Times of India. Archived from the original on 10 June 2011.
- ^ Stepan, Alfred; Linz, Juan J.; Yadav, Yogendra (2011), Crafting State-Nations: India and Other Multinational Democracies (Illustrated ed.), JHU Press, p. 97, ISBN 978-0-8018-9723-8, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 5 October 2020
- ^ Ghosh, Srikanta. 1997. Indian Democracy Derailed – Politics and Politicians. APH Publishing. ISBN 978-81-7024-866-8. p. 95.
- ^ Sisson, Mary. 2011. “Sikh Terrorism.” pp. 544–545 in The Sage Encyclopedia of Terrorism (2nd ed.), edited by G. Martin. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. ISBN 978-1-4129-8016-6. doi:10.4135/9781412980173.n368.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Sharma, Mool Chand, and A.K. Sharma, eds. 2004. “Discrimination Based on Religion Archived 24 October 2020 at the Wayback Machine.” pp. 108–110 in Discrimination Based on Sex, Caste, Religion, and Disability. New Delhi: National Council for Teacher Education. Archived from the original on 2 June 2010. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
- ^ Swami, Praveen (16 January 2014). “RAW chief consulted MI6 in build-up to Operation Bluestar”. The Hindu. Chennai, India. Archived from the original on 18 January 2014. Retrieved 9 August 2018.
- ^ Singh, Khushwant. 2004. A History of the Sikhs, Volume II: 1839–2004. New Delhi: Oxford University Press. p. 337.
- ^ Subramanian, L. N. (12 October 2006). “Operation Bluestar, 05 June 1984”. Bharat Rakshak Monitor. 3 (2). Archived from the original on 30 June 2020. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
- ^ Jump up to:a b “Sikh Leader in Punjab Accord Assassinated”. Los Angeles Times. Times Wire Services. 21 August 1985. Archived from the original on 29 January 2016. Retrieved 9 August 2018.
- ^ Tully, Mark; Jacob, Satish (1985). Amritsar: Mrs Gandhi’s Last Battle (5 ed.). J. Cape. p. 147. ISBN 978-0-22-402328-3. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ Wolpert, Stanley A., ed. (2009). “India”. Encyclopædia Britannica.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Gates, Scott; Roy, Kaushik (4 February 2014). “Insurgency and Counter-Insurgency in Punjab”. Unconventional Warfare in South Asia: Shadow Warriors and Counterinsurgency. Ashgate Publishing. p. 167. ISBN 978-1-40-943706-2. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ Diwanji, Amberish K. (4 June 2004). “There is a limit to how much a country can take”. The Rediff Interview/Lieutenant General Kuldip Singh Brar (retired). Rediff.com. Archived from the original on 3 December 2019. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ Walia, Varinder (20 March 2007). “Army reveals startling facts on Bluestar, says Longowal surrendered”. The Tribune. Amristar. Archived from the original on 4 August 2020. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ Jugdep S Chima (2008). The Sikh Separatist Insurgency in India: Political Leadership and Ethnonationalist Movements. Sage Publishing India. pp. 114–. ISBN 978-9351509530. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 13 March 2023.
- ^ White Paper on the Punjab Agitation. New Delhi: Government of India Press. 1984. p. 40. OL 1839009M. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ Karim, Afsir (1991). Counter Terrorism, the Pakistan Factor. Lancer Publishers. pp. 33–36. ISBN 978-8170621270. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 13 March 2023.
- ^ “Pakistan would have recognised Khalistan”. Rediff.com. 3 June 2004. Archived from the original on 29 January 2009. Retrieved 20 June 2006.
- ^ Andrew, Christopher M.; Mitrokhin, Vasili (2005). The Mitrokhin Archive II: The KGB and the World. Allen Lane. p. 336. ISBN 978-0-7139-9359-2. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 30 September 2022.
- ^ Andrew, Christopher (2008). The World Was Going Our Way: The KGB and the Battle for the Third World. DIANE Publishing Company. ISBN 978-1-4223-9312-3. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 30 September 2022.
- ^ Subramanian Swamy (1992). Building a New India: An Agenda for National Renaissance. UBS Publishers’ Distributors. p. 18. ISBN 978-81-85674-21-6. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 6 September 2022.
The 1984 Operation Bluestar became necessary because of the vast disinformation against Sant Bhindranwale by the KGB, and repeated inside Parliament by the Congress Party of India.
- ^ Guidry, John A., Michael D. Kennedy, and Mayer N. Zald, eds. 2000. Globalizations and Social Movements: Culture, Power, and the Transnational Public Sphere. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 978-0-472-06721-3. p. 319.
- ^ Nanavati, G. T. 9 February 2005. “Report of the Justice Nanavati Commission of Inquiry (1984 Anti-Sikh Riots) Archived 3 February 2021 at the Wayback Machine” 1. New Delhi: Ministry of Home Affairs. Archived from the original 27 November 2014. Retrieved 18 May 2020. Also available via People’s Archive of Rural India Archived 7 May 2020 at the Wayback Machine.
- ^ Jump up to:a b “What about the big fish?”. Tehelka. Anant Media. 25 August 2005. Archived from the original on 13 September 2012.
- ^ Singh, Swadesh Bahadur. 31 May 1996. “Cabinet berth for a Sikh.” Indian Express.
- ^ Kumar, Ram Narayan, et al. 2003. Reduced to Ashes: The Insurgency and Human Rights in Punjab. South Asia Forum for Human Rights. p. 43. Available via Committee for Information and Initiative on Punjab.
- ^ In Depth: Air India Archived 18 March 2005 at the Wayback Machine – The Victims, CBC News Online, 16 March 2005
- ^ “Free. Fair. Fearless”. Tehelka. Archived from the original on 12 September 2012.
- ^ “Jagmeet Singh now rejects glorification of Air India bombing mastermind”. CBC News. 15 March 2018. Archived from the original on 2 October 2020. Retrieved 4 August 2020.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c Gilligan, Andrew (21 April 2008). “Ken’s adviser is linked to terror group”. London Evening Standard. Archived from the original on 12 June 2009. Retrieved 26 May 2009.
- ^ Bolan, Kim (9 February 2008). “Air India bombmaker sent to holding centre”. Ottawa Citizen. Archived from the original on 9 November 2012. Retrieved 31 May 2009.
- ^ “Convicted Air India bomb-builder Inderjit Singh Reyat gets bail”. CBC News. 9 July 2008. Archived from the original on 10 July 2008. Retrieved 10 June 2009.
- ^ “Sikh Temple Sit-In Is a Challenge for Punjab.” The New York Times. 2 February 1986.
- ^ Singh, I. (10 July 2012). “Sarbat Khalsa and Gurmata”. SikhNet. Archived from the original on 12 June 2013. Retrieved 15 March 2013.
- ^ “Sant Nirankari Mission”. nirankari.org. Archived from the original on 13 January 2023. Retrieved 13 January 2023.
- ^ “Gunmen Slaughter 32 on Bus in India in Bloodiest Attack of Sikh Campaign”. The Philadelphia Inquirer, 7 July 1987. Page A03.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d Gargan, Edward (10 October 1991). “Envoy of Romania Abducted in India”. The New York Times. Archived from the original on 23 October 2018. Retrieved 17 February 2017.
- ^ Gurharpal Singh, Ethnic Conflict in India (2000), Chapters 8 & 9.
- ^ Gurharpal Singh, Ethnic Conflict in India (2000), Chapter 10.
- ^ “Amnesty International report on Punjab”. Amnesty International. 20 January 2003. Archived from the original on 3 December 2006.
- ^ “The Tribune, Chandigarh, India – Punjab”. Tribuneindia.com. Archived from the original on 5 June 2011. Retrieved 27 September 2015.
- ^ “SAD (A) to contest the coming SGPC elections on Khalistan issue: Mann”. PunjabNewsline.com. 14 January 2010. Archived from the original on 15 July 2011.
- ^ “Balwinder Singh Sandu”. Gallantry Awards. Archived from the original on 31 October 2020. Retrieved 29 October 2020.
- ^ “Gunmen Wound India Ambassador”. Los Angeles Times. 21 August 1991. Archived from the original on 10 October 2012. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ “World Notes India”. Time. 21 October 1991. Archived from the original on 30 September 2007. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ “Secret Injustice: The Harpal Singh Case | Part 1: Flashback”. The Sikh Sentinel. 17 September 2003. Archived from the original on 8 March 2012.
- ^ Talbot, India and Pakistan (2000), p. 272.
- ^ Simmons, Mary Kate (1998). Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization: yearbook. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. p. 187. ISBN 978-90-411-0223-2. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 3 August 2018.
- ^ “Issue Paper INDIA: Sikhs in Punjab 1994–95”. Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada. February 1996. Retrieved 31 May 2009.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d “U.S. Court Convicts Khalid Awan for Supporting Khalistan Commando Force”. The United States Attorney’s Office. 20 December 2006. Archived from the original on 15 January 2012. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ Mahmood, Cynthia. 5 May 1997. “Fax to Ted Albers.” Orono, Maine: Resource Information Center.
- ^ Documentation, Information and Research Branch. 17 February 1997. “India: Information from four specialists on the Punjab, Response to Information Request #IND26376.EX.” Ottawa: Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada.
- ^ “Protecting the Killers: A Policy of Impunity in Punjab, India: I. Summary”. Human Rights Watch. 9 October 2006. Archived from the original on 12 October 2008. Retrieved 11 January 2010.
- ^ Special Broadcasting Service:: Dateline – presented by George Negus Archived 28 August 2008 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ “The Hindu: Opinion / News Analysis: Is justice possible without looking for the truth?”. The Hindu. 9 September 2005. Archived from the original on 22 May 2008.
- ^ “India: A vital opportunity to end impunity in Punjab”. Amnesty International USA. Archived from the original on 25 June 2009.
- ^ “ASW”. Human Rights Watch. 1992. Archived from the original on 12 October 2012. Retrieved 11 January 2010.
- ^ “India: Time to Deliver Justice for Atrocities in Punjab”. Human Rights Watch. 18 October 2007. Archived from the original on 13 January 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ “Document – India: Break the cycle of impunity and torture in Punjab | Amnesty International”. Amnesty International. 2003. Archived from the original on 12 June 2011. Retrieved 11 January 2010.
- ^ Sehgal, Manjeet (23 September 2019). “Punjab: Four Khalistan Zindabad Force terrorists arrested in Taran Taran”. India Today. Archived from the original on 15 December 2019. Retrieved 27 December 2019.
- ^ Service, Tribune News. “NIA demands custody of 4 in Tarn Taran blast case”. Tribuneindia News Service. Archived from the original on 27 December 2019. Retrieved 27 December 2019.
- ^ Punj, Balbair (16 June 2005). “The Ghost of Khalistan”. The Sikh Times. Archived from the original on 4 December 2018. Retrieved 23 January 2007.
- ^ “Terror attacks in Punjab being planned by pro-Khalistan outfits with Pak’s support: Intelligence sources”. DNA India. 26 December 2019. Archived from the original on 27 December 2019. Retrieved 27 December 2019.
- ^ Nanjappa, Vicky (26 December 2019). “High alert declared after IB picks up intercepts on possible terror attack in Punjab”. Oneindia. Archived from the original on 27 December 2019. Retrieved 27 December 2019.
- ^ “Official Resolutions From Sarbat Khalsa 2015”. Sikh24.com. 11 November 2015. Archived from the original on 12 November 2015. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
- ^ “Khalistan slogans raised as Mann comes to meet Khalsa”. The Indian Express. 25 July 2015. Archived from the original on 27 August 2015. Retrieved 14 August 2015.
- ^ “Probable Resurgence of the Khalistan Movement: Role of the Sikh Diaspora – Science, Technology and Security forum”. stsfor.org. Archived from the original on 16 October 2015. Retrieved 2 April 2023.
- ^ “Responses to Information Requests”. irb-cisr.gc.ca. 5 June 2018. Archived from the original on 14 August 2019. Retrieved 14 August 2019.
- ^ “Pro-Khalistan slogans raised on Bluestar anniversary in Punjab”. Deccan Herald. 6 June 2015. Archived from the original on 25 July 2015. Retrieved 14 August 2015.
- ^ “Pro-Khalistan slogans raised during Punjab CM Parkash Singh Badal’s function”. The Indian Express. 26 July 2015. Archived from the original on 29 August 2015. Retrieved 14 August 2015.
- ^ Kumar, Ram Narayan (1997), The Sikh unrest and the Indian state: politics, personalities, and historical retrospective, Ajanta, ISBN 978-81-202-0453-9 quoted in Rediff On the Net Archived 15 August 2018 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Pettigrew, The Sikhs of the Punjab (1995), pp. 188–197.
- ^ Van Dyke, The Khalistan Movement (2009), p. 992.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Van Dyke, The Khalistan Movement (2009), p. 991.
- ^ Jump up to:a b “No chance of another Khalistan movement in Punjab: Defence experts”. Hindustan Times. ANI. 19 March 2016. Archived from the original on 6 May 2018. Retrieved 5 May 2018.
- ^ Dhillon, Simrat (December 2007). “The Sikh Diaspora and the Quest for Khalistan: A Search for Statehood or for Self-preservation?” (PDF). Institute of Peace and Conflict Studies. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 August 2019. Retrieved 26 May 2009.
- ^ Anand, Nisha. “Australian police releases pics of 6 men involved in Khalistan referendum brawl”. Hindustan Times.
- ^ “Brawl breaks out over Khalistan referendum in Australia; India raises concerns with authorities”. The Indian Express. 30 January 2023. Retrieved 13 October 2024.
- ^ “‘Appalled’: Australian envoy on attack by Khalistan elements on pro-India groups”. Hindustan Times.
- ^ “Police investigating attack on Brampton radio host after remarks on Punjabi actor”. The Globe and Mail. 24 February 2022. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
He told police he was approached near his Brampton studio Wednesday afternoon by three men who were shouting support for Mr. Sidhu, who was also a Sikh activist. “One of them pulled a gun on me, and the other hit me on the head with a beer bottle,” he told The Globe and Mail.
- ^ “‘Bhindranwale 2.0’: Radical Khalistan Sympathiser Amritpal Singh Active in Punjab”. NDTV News. Archived from the original on 24 February 2023. Retrieved 24 February 2023.
Often escorted by armed supporters and donning a flowing white ‘chola’ and a navy-blue turban, radical preacher and Khalistan sympathiser Amritpal Singh has been very active for some time in Punjab.
- ^ Sethi, Chitleen K. (23 February 2023). “Radical activist Amritpal storms Ajnala police station with supporters, secures aide’s release”. ThePrint. Archived from the original on 24 February 2023. Retrieved 24 February 2023.
- ^ “Radical preacher Amritpal Singh issue: Habeas corpus petition moved in HC seeking his ‘release'”. The Financial Express. Archived from the original on 19 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
- ^ [137][138][139]
- ^ “Deep Sidhu disliked Amritpal Singh, blocked his phone”. Tribune India. Archived from the original on 10 February 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ Matharu, Sonal (25 October 2022). “Fiery orator, ‘Bhindranwale 2.0’ – who’s Amritpal Singh, new ‘head’ of Deep Sidhu’s Waris Punjab De”. ThePrint. Archived from the original on 16 November 2022. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “The rise and fall of Amritpal Singh”. Tribune India. Archived from the original on 20 March 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “Unaware how Amritpal Singh declared himself head of ‘Waris Punjab De’, says Deep Sidhu’s kin”. Financialexpress. 24 February 2023. Archived from the original on 19 March 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “Amritpal Singh: Amrit Sanchar to focus on ‘de-addiction’ of youth”. Tribune India. Archived from the original on 16 November 2022. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “‘Khalistan shouldn’t be seen as…’: Amritpal Singh as Toofan to be freed today”. Hindustan Times. 24 February 2023. Archived from the original on 24 February 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “Amritpal Singh | A radical preacher”. The Hindu. 25 February 2023. ISSN 0971-751X. Archived from the original on 31 March 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ Mogul, Rhea (22 March 2023). “Khalistan: The outlawed Sikh separatist movement that has Indian authorities on edge”. CNN. Archived from the original on 23 March 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “‘Waris Punjab De’ chief Amritpal Singh arrested from Punjab’s Moga under NSA; shifted to Assam’s Dibrugarh jail”. The Hindu. 23 April 2023. ISSN 0971-751X. Archived from the original on 23 April 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “Watch: Sikhs attack Indian consulate in San Francisco, raise Khalistani flag to protest against crackdown on Amritpal Singh”. Free Press Journal. 20 March 2023. Archived from the original on 21 March 2023. Retrieved 21 March 2023.
- ^ Simon Little; Julie Nolin. “Journalist allegedly assaulted as Punjab tensions spill over into B.C.” Global News. Archived from the original on 21 March 2023. Retrieved 21 March 2023.
- ^ “Indian High Commission: Diplomat summoned after London protest”. BBC News. 20 March 2023. Archived from the original on 25 June 2023. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
- ^ “Amritpal Singh’s brother-in-law key accused in attack on Indian high commission in Canada”. Hindustan Times. 24 June 2023. Archived from the original on 5 July 2023. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
- ^ “Pro-Khalistan protesters tried to set on fire India’s consulate in San Francisco”. The Tribune India. Archived from the original on 25 June 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “Senior Indian journalist attacked by pro-Khalistanis outside Indian Embassy in Washington”. Deccan Herald. 26 March 2023. Archived from the original on 25 June 2023. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
- ^ “Journalist allegedly assaulted as Punjab tensions spill over into B.C.” Global News. Archived from the original on 21 March 2023. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
- ^ “Journalist allegedly assaulted as Punjab tensions spill over into B.C.” Global News. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
- ^ “‘Mr Taranjit Singh Sandhu…’: Khalistan supporter threatens Indian envoy to US | Watch”. Hindustan Times. 26 March 2023. Archived from the original on 27 June 2023. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
- ^ Anirudh Bhattacharyya (27 April 2018). “Canadian police frees Khalistani ‘separatist’ Hardeep Nijjar after 24 hours in custody”. Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 21 September 2023. Retrieved 19 September 2023.
- ^ “2nd attack since March: Indian consulate set on fire in San Francisco; US condemns violence”. The Times of India. 4 July 2023. ISSN 0971-8257. Archived from the original on 4 July 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ Jump up to:a b “US condemns vandalism, attempted arson against Indian Consulate in San Francisco”. Tribune India. Archived from the original on 4 July 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “US condemns vandalism at Indian consulate in San Francisco”. Reuters. 4 July 2023. Archived from the original on 4 July 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “‘Heated’ demonstration at Indian consulate in Toronto sees one arrested”. The Globe and Mail. 9 July 2023. Archived from the original on 14 July 2023. Retrieved 14 July 2023.
Some online posters ahead of the event said “Kill India” and suggested, without evidence, that Indian diplomats played a role in Mr. Nijjar’s death.
- ^ “A year after Hardeep Singh Nijjar’s death, mysteries remain about how he really lived”. The Globe and Mail. 22 June 2024. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
- ^ “Pro-Khalistani Group in Toronto Glorifies Beant Singh’s Killer, Indian Authorities to Raise Issue With Canada | EXCLUSIVE”. News18. 2 September 2024. Retrieved 13 October 2024.
- ^ “Canada: Pro-Khalistan rallies feature floats celebrating 1995 Beant Singh bombing”. Business Today. 1 September 2024. Retrieved 13 October 2024.
- ^ “‘I will not be silenced’: Calgary radio host attack caught on CCTV”. Global News. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
- ^ “Calgary radio host speaks out after being attacked outside banquet hall”. Global News. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
- ^ “Indo-Canadian mediaperson, attacked by two persons, blames ‘pro-Khalistan’ elements”. Hindustan Times.
- ^ “Calgary police investigating weekend assault of radio host”. CTV News Calgary. 1 October 2024. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
- ^ “Radio journalist says he was assaulted in attack over news coverage”. Calgary Herald.
City police are seeking two suspects in an assault on a well-known radio journalist in Calgary’s northeast that apparently targeted his reporting on crime issues within the Sikh community.
- ^ “Calgary police probe assault of RED FM news director”. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation.
Staff Sgt. John Guigon said Nagar was struck in the head but was not seriously hurt, and that the incident was captured on video. “It was not a pleasant situation,” he said.”[It is] particularly troubling to us when a member of the media gets attacked in a democracy…. We’re throwing resources at it.”
- ^ [167][168][169][170][171][172]
- ^ Sharma, Abhinav (3 October 2024). “Canadian radio journalist Rishi Nagar attacked by Khalistani groups in Canada”. Diya TV. Retrieved 4 October 2024.
A group of men supportive of the Khalistan separatist movement violently assaulted Canada-based RED FM News Director Rishi Nagar allegedly for refusing to align with their agenda.
- ^ Moharib, Nadia (30 September 2024). “Man threatened outside NE temple, two arrested: Calgary police”. CityNews Calgary. Retrieved 11 October 2024.
- ^ Bradley, Jonathan (1 October 2024). “RED FM Calgary host says attack will not stop his journalism”. Western Standard. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
- ^ Bradley, Jonathan (2 October 2024). “UPDATED: Poilievre, Smith say they are disturbed by attack on RED FM Calgary host”. Western Standard. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
- ^ “Journalists reporting against Khalistan groups under attack in Canada, says Indian-origin MP”. The Tribune. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
- ^ O’Brien, Raju Mudhar, Abby (9 November 2024). “‘This is not a Hindu and Sikh battle’: The complex history behind protests that erupted at Brampton temples this week over Indian consular visits”. Toronto Star. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
In another video, individuals holding pro-Khalistan flagpoles can be seen running onto the property, striking those inside the perimeter with them. A chaotic scene ensues.
- ^ Aguilar, Bryann (3 November 2024). “Police increase their presence at Hindu temple in Brampton after protest”. CP24. Retrieved 3 November 2024.
- ^ ICI.Radio-Canada.ca, Zone Justice et faits divers- (4 November 2024). “3 arrested and charged after protest at Brampton Hindu temple, police say”. Radio-Canada.ca (in Canadian French). Retrieved 4 November 2024.
- ^ O’Brien, Raju Mudhar, Abby (9 November 2024). “‘This is not a Hindu and Sikh battle’: The complex history behind protests that erupted at Brampton temples this week over Indian consular visits”. Toronto Star. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
The clash saw three people arrested and an off-duty police officer who participated in the protest, Sergeant Harinder Sohi, suspended.
- ^ “Peel cop suspended after participating in protest outside Hindu temple”. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation.
- ^ “Who Is The Suspended Cop Harinder Sohi And What Happened At The Pro-Khalistan Protest?”. TheDailyGuardian. Retrieved 4 November 2024.
- ^ O’Brien, Raju Mudhar, Abby (9 November 2024). “‘This is not a Hindu and Sikh battle’: The complex history behind protests that erupted at Brampton temples this week over Indian consular visits”. Toronto Star. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
The video then appears to show one of the officers breaking away from his colleagues, running onto temple property, and repeatedly striking an individual. When reached for comment, Peel police said it was aware of the video and was looking into it.
- ^ “Video: Canadian cop punches Hindu man protesting against pro-Khalistan mob attack”. India Today. 4 November 2024. Retrieved 4 November 2024.
- ^ “Fears of more clashes between Sikhs and Hindus in Brampton, Ont., as Canada-India rift spills over into suburbs”. The Globe and Mail. 8 November 2024. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
The Khalistani protesters claimed the event at the Hindu temple Sunday – where Indian consular staff were helping Indian immigrants apply for government pensions – was part of surveillance efforts to keep tabs on pro-Khalistan Sikhs.
- ^ O’Brien, Raju Mudhar, Abby (9 November 2024). “‘This is not a Hindu and Sikh battle’: The complex history behind protests that erupted at Brampton temples this week over Indian consular visits”. Toronto Star. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
It was the presence of Indian Consular officials, who have been visiting communities to help older people in the diaspora who may be entitled to pensions, that prompted SFJ to plan Sunday’s demonstration.
- ^ “Violent clashes erupt outside consular camp at Hindu temple in Canada’s Brampton”. The Hindu. 4 November 2024. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
Most beneficiaries of the consular service organised by the Indian High Commission in Brampton were Sikh members of the Indian diaspora.
- ^ “Fears of more clashes between Sikhs and Hindus in Brampton, Ont., as Canada-India rift spills over into suburbs”. The Globe and Mail. 8 November 2024. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
- ^ O’Brien, Raju Mudhar, Abby (9 November 2024). “‘This is not a Hindu and Sikh battle’: The complex history behind protests that erupted at Brampton temples this week over Indian consular visits”. Toronto Star. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
- ^ Lavoie, Joanna (9 November 2024). “Another person charged following violent demonstrations in Peel Region”. CP24. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
- ^ “Clashes erupted outside a Hindu temple near Toronto. They’re the latest sign of Canada and India’s spiraling relations”. CNN.
- ^ Jump up to:a b “Not one of its leaders elected since 1999, SAD (Amritsar) still contests polls demanding Khalistan”. The Indian Express. 22 January 2022. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
Headed by former MP Simranjit Singh Mann, a retired IPS officer, SAD (Amritsar) is the only party which still contests the elections in Punjab with demand for a separate Khalistan.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Takkar, Jatin (4 June 2024). “Pro-Khalistan separatists Amritpal and Sarabjeet lead over rivals”. The Economic Times. ISSN 0013-0389. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
- ^ Sethi, Chitleen K. (5 June 2024). “Amritpal, Sarabjeet Singh Khalsa — Sikh radicals’ poll victories pose challenge for Mann govt”. ThePrint. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
Amritpal Singh won from Khadoor Sahib by biggest margin this election in Punjab & Beant Singh’s son Khalsa won in Faridkot. But, Simranjit Singh Mann lost his Sangrur seat.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c “General Election to Parliamentary Constituencies: Trends & Results June-2024”. Election Commission of India.
- ^ “Father didn’t care and laid down his life, Sikh community pulled family through troubled times: Sarabjit Singh Khalsa”. The Economic Times. 6 June 2024. ISSN 0013-0389. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
Six-year-old Sarabjit when his father Beant Singh, a Delhi police SI who was part of the PM’s security detail, along with another of her bodyguards, Satwant Singh, assassinated Indira Gandhi in October 1984.
- ^ Pettigrew, The Sikhs of the Punjab (1995), p. 24.
- ^ Aggarwal, J. C.; Agrawal, S. P. (1992), Modern History of Punjab, Concept Publishing Company, p. 117, ISBN 978-81-7022-431-0
- ^ Jump up to:a b Puri, Harish K., Paramjit Singh Judge, and Jagrup Singh Sekhon. 1999. Terrorism in Punjab: Understanding Grassroots Reality. New Delhi: Har-Anand Publications. pp. 68–71.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 133.
- ^ Jump up to:a b “Council Common Position 2005/427/CFSP of 6 June 2005 updating Common Position 2001/931/CFSP on the application of specific measures to combat terrorism and repealing Common Position 2005/220/CFSP” (PDF). European Union. 6 June 2005. p. 5. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 June 2013. Retrieved 31 May 2009.
- ^ “Currently listed entities (terrorist organizations-ed)”. Public Safety Canada. Archived from the original on 26 June 2009. Retrieved 31 May 2009.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f Milewski, Terry (28 June 2007). “Sikh politics in Canada. Symbols and suits. Sikh extremism enters mainstream Canadian politics”. CBC. Archived from the original on 1 June 2009. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ Jump up to:a b “Proscribed terrorist groups”. UK Office for Security and Counter Terrorism. Archived from the original on 15 June 2009. Retrieved 24 May 2009.
- ^ “Terrorist Exclusion List”. U. S. Bureau of Counterterrorism and Countering Violent Extremism. 29 December 2004. Archived from the original on 13 May 2009. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ “Appendix F: Countering Terrorism on the Economic Front” (PDF). US Department of State. p. 2. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 November 2020. Retrieved 31 May 2009.
- ^ Mahmood (1996), p. 328
- ^ Martha Crenshaw, ed. (1995), Terrorism in Context, Pennsylvania State University Press, p. 656, ISBN 978-0-271-01015-1, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 29 August 2020
- ^ Atkins, Stephen E. (2004), Encyclopedia of modern worldwide extremists and extremist groups (illustrated ed.), Greenwood Publishing Group, p. 404, ISBN 978-0-313-32485-7, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 26 June 2009
- ^ “Foreign Terrorist Organizations”. U. S. Department of State. 8 April 2008. Archived from the original on 13 May 2009.
- ^ “Law Enforcement Cases: International Narcotics Control Strategy Report: Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs”. US Department of State. March 2008. Archived from the original on 16 August 2019. Retrieved 8 June 2009.
- ^ Office of the Coordinator for Counterterrorism (April 1996). “1995 Patterns of Global Terrorism”. Federation of American Scientists. Archived from the original on 22 January 2009. Retrieved 30 May 2009.
- ^ Pratap, Anita (22 May 1996). “Bus explosion in India kills at least 14: It’s the second bombing in two days”. New Delhi: CNN. Archived from the original on 8 November 2012. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ “CNN – Fatal bomb meant to disrupt – April 21, 1996”. cnn.com. Archived from the original on 8 November 2012. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ “KZF behind Jalandhar blasts”. The Indian Express. 19 June 2006. Archived from the original on 5 June 2009. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ “Patterns of Global Terrorism: 1997 – appendix B”. U. S. Department of State. 1997. Archived from the original on 23 November 2010. Retrieved 25 May 2009.
- ^ Nayar, Kuldip (22 February 1999). “It is fundamentalism again”. Rediff.com. Archived from the original on 5 January 2012. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ Juergensmeyer, Mark (14 October 2004). “From Bhindranwale to Bin Laden: Understanding Religious Violence” (PDF). Self. p. 30. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 July 2011. Retrieved 26 May 2009.
- ^ Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 136.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 132.
- ^ Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 137.
- ^ Downing, John D. H. (2011). Encyclopedia of Social Movement Media. Sage. p. 290. ISBN 978-0-7619-2688-7. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 25 October 2018.
- ^ Simmons, Mary Kate (1998). Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization: yearbook. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. p. 187. ISBN 978-90-411-0223-2. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 5 October 2020.
- ^ Anderson, Edward T. G. (1 January 2024). Hindu Nationalism in the Indian Diaspora: Transnational Politics and British Multiculturalism. Oxford University Press. p. 333. ISBN 978-0-19-778328-3.
- ^ Behera, Demystifying Kashmir (2007), pp. 87–88.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Haqqani, Pakistan Between the Mosque and Military (2010), pp. 270–271.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Sirrs, Pakistan’s Inter-Services Intelligence Directorate (2016), p. 167.
- ^ Haqqani, Pakistan Between the Mosque and Military (2010), p. 272.
- ^ “Canadian gets 14 years for funding terrorists”. The Globe and Mail. 13 September 2007. Archived from the original on 24 September 2021. Retrieved 5 October 2018.
- ^ Nanjappa, Vicky (10 June 2008). “200 Pak organisations raise funds for terror: IB”. Rediff.com. Archived from the original on 22 July 2021. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Markham, James M. (16 June 1984). “India Talks of C.I.A. Role in Unrest”. The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 28 November 2019. Retrieved 28 November 2019.
- ^ “CIA, ISI encouraged Sikh terrorism”. The Times of India. Press Trust of India. 26 July 2007. Archived from the original on 1 April 2020. Retrieved 28 November 2019.
- ^ “US, Pak ISI had a hand in Punjab militancy: Book”. Hindustan Times. 26 July 2007. Archived from the original on 6 February 2021. Retrieved 1 December 2019.
- ^ Nakashima, Ellen; Shih, Gerry; Amanda, Coletta (29 November 2023). “U.S. prosecutors allege assassination plot of Sikh separatist directed by Indian government employee”. The Washington Post. Retrieved 29 November 2023.
- ^ “Sikh extremism spread fast in Canada”. expressindia.com. 23 May 2007. Archived from the original on 14 October 2012. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ “Sikh extremism in Canada mushroomed very quickly”. rediff.com. 23 May 2007. Archived from the original on 28 March 2012. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ Brown, Jim (22 November 2007). “The reign of terror is still there”. Toronto Star. Archived from the original on 12 October 2012. Retrieved 2 September 2017.
- ^ Kay, Jonathan (17 November 2008). “A true Sikh martyr: Jonathan Kay on the 10th anniversary of the assassination of Tara Singh Hayer”. The National Post. Retrieved 7 June 2009.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Bolan, Kim (2006). Loss of Faith: How the Air-India Bombers Got Away With Murder (Paperback ed.). McClelland & Stewart. p. 388 (Chapters 6 and 7). ISBN 978-0-7710-1131-3.
- ^ “Testimony: Babbar Khalsa Ordered Tara Singh Hayer Slaying”. CanWest News Service. 14 December 2003. Archived from the original on 28 September 2011. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ Summers, Chris (2 June 2000). “Call for end to Sikh murder mystery”. BBC News. Archived from the original on 12 November 2013. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ Summers, Chris (17 March 2005). “Call for police to solve Sikh murder”. BBC News. Archived from the original on 7 May 2010. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ “Netfirms | This site is temporarily unavailable”. Worldsikh.ca. Archived from the original on 1 January 2012. Retrieved 27 September 2015.
- ^ Grewal, San (11 July 2007). “Sikh organization sues CBC”. Toronto Star. Archived from the original on 27 January 2020. Retrieved 27 January 2020.
- ^ “Canadian journalist hits out at Sikh extremism”. The Times of India. 1 July 2007.[dead link]
- ^ Morley, Robert. “Sikh Terrorism Enters Politics in Canada”. The Trumpet. Archived from the original on 2 June 2011. Retrieved 25 May 2009.
- ^ Thorne, Barry (6 March 2008). “India PM warns against renewed Sikh extremism”. Radio Netherlands Worldwide. Archived from the original on 10 March 2008.
- ^ Bolan, Kim (11 March 2008). “Sikh separatist threat on rise in Canada: Indian PM warns of resurgent threat in Canada”. Vancouver Sun. Archived from the original on 12 November 2013.
- ^ “Amarinder Singh meets Justin Trudeau and Canada’s ‘Khalistani sympathiser’ minister”. The Times of India. 21 February 2018. Archived from the original on 11 October 2018. Retrieved 8 June 2018.
- ^ Singh, Surjit; Sharma, Anil (21 February 2018). “Khalistan figures in Trudeau-Amarinder talks, Punjab CM hands over list of 9 Canada-based radicals”. Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 8 June 2018.
- ^ Connolly, Amanda. “Jagmeet Singh defends speaking at Sikh separatist rally in 2015”. Global News. Archived from the original on 23 May 2018. Retrieved 22 May 2018.
- ^ “Khalistan no issue either in Canada or Punjab, says Sukhbir Badal”. Hindustan Times. 23 February 2018. Archived from the original on 11 March 2018. Retrieved 11 March 2018.
- ^ Milewski, Terry (September 2020). “Khalistan: A project of Pakistan” (PDF). Macdonald-Laurier Institute. Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 December 2020. Retrieved 4 February 2021.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c Pathi, Krutika (19 September 2023). “India expels Canadian diplomat, escalating tensions after Trudeau accuses India in Sikh’s killing”. AP News. Archived from the original on 19 September 2023. Retrieved 19 September 2023.
- ^ Staff, Star (14 October 2024). “Canada and India each expel six diplomats amid murder investigation of Sikh activist in B.C.” Toronto Star. Retrieved 27 November 2024.
- ^ “Trudeau accuses India in killing of Sikh leader on Canadian soil”. The Globe and Mail. 18 September 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2024.
- ^ “Sikh separatists ‘funded from UK'”. BBC News. 4 March 2008. Archived from the original on 26 March 2012. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ Bassey, Amardeep (26 February 2008). “TRANSCRIPT OF “FILE ON 4″- ‘SIKH GROUPS'” (PDF). BBC News. p. 20. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 February 2022. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ “Foreign Terrorist Organizations”. U. S. Department of State. 8 April 2008. Archived from the original on 13 May 2009.
- ^ “Terrorism: What You Need To Know About U.S. Sanctions”. U.S. Department of Treasury. Archived from the original on 20 October 2011. Retrieved 24 May 2009.
- ^ Gilligan, Andrew (21 April 2008). “Sikh civil servant who backs ‘martyr’ is now on TfL board” (PDF). Evening Standard. London. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 June 2009.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Bolan, Kim (18 February 2008). “Sikh leader solicits support”. Vancouver Sun. Archived from the original on 3 June 2009.
- ^ “Sikh separatists ‘funded from UK'”. BBC. 4 March 2008. Archived from the original on 14 December 2021. Retrieved 24 April 2008.
- Bibliography
- Axel, Brian Keith (2001), The nation’s Tortured Body: Violence, representation, and the formation of a Sikh “Diaspora”, Duke University Press, ISBN 978-0-8223-2615-1
- Behera, Navnita Chadha (2007), Demystifying Kashmir, Pearson Education India, ISBN 978-8131708460
- Deol, Harnik (2000), Religion and Nationalism in India: The case of the Punjab, Routledge, ISBN 978-0-415-20108-7
- Fair, C. Christine (2005), “Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies: Insights from the Khalistan and Tamil Eelam Movements”, Nationalism and Ethnic Politics, 11: 125–156, doi:10.1080/13537110590927845, S2CID 145552863
- Ghosh, Srikanta (1997), Indian Democracy Derailed – Politics and Politicians, APH Publishing, ISBN 978-81-7024-866-8, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 16 August 2019
- Haqqani, Husain (2010), Pakistan: Between Mosque and Military, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, ISBN 978-0-87003-285-1
- Jodhka, Surinder S. (21 April 2001), “Looking Back at the Khalistan Movement: Some Recent Researches on Its Rise and Decline”, Economic and Political Weekly, 36 (16): 1311–1318
- Jolly, Surjit (1988), Sikh Revivalist Movements, Gitanjali Publishing House, ISBN 978-81-85060-23-1, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 24 December 2018
- Mahmood, Cynthia Keppley (1996), Fighting for Faith and Nation, Series in Contemporary Ethnography, University of Pennsylvania Press, ISBN 978-0-8122-1592-2, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 29 August 2020
- Nayar, Kuldip; Singh, Kushwant (1985), Tragedy of Punjab, Vision Books, ISBN 1-85127-069-8, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 24 December 2018
- Pettigrew, Joyce (1995), The Sikhs of the Punjab: Unheard Voices of State and Guerrilla Violence, Zed Books, ISBN 978-1-85649-355-0
- Shah, Mehtab Ali (1997), The Foreign Policy of Pakistan: Ethnic Impacts on Diplomacy 1971–1994, I.B.Tauris, ISBN 978-1-86064-169-5
- Shani, Giorgio (2005), “Beyond Khalistan? Sikh diasporic identity and critical international theory1”, Sikh Formations, 1 (1): 57–74, doi:10.1080/17448720500132565, S2CID 145300683
- Shani, Giorgio (2008), Sikh Nationalism and Identity in a Global Age, Routledge, ISBN 978-0-415-42190-4, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 24 December 2018
- Singh, Gurharpal (2000), Ethnic Conflict in India: A Case-Study of Punjab, Palgrave Macmillan UK, ISBN 978-0-333-98177-1, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 3 December 2018
- Sirrs, Owen L. (2016). Pakistan’s Inter-Services Intelligence Directorate: Covert Action and Internal Operations. Routledge. p. 167. ISBN 978-1-317-19609-9.
- Tambiah, Stanley Jeyaraja (1996), Leveling Crowds: Ethnonationalist conflicts and collective violence in South Asia, University of California Press, ISBN 978-0-520-20642-7, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 24 December 2018
- Talbot, Ian (2000), India and Pakistan: Inventing the Nation, Bloomsbury Academic, ISBN 978-0-340-70633-6, archived from the original on 7 February 2023, retrieved 3 December 2018
- Van Dyke, Virginia (2009), “The Khalistan Movement in Punjab, India, and the Post-Militancy Era: Structural Change and New Political Compulsions”, Asian Survey, 49 (6): 975–997, doi:10.1525/as.2009.49.6.975
- References
- Citations
- ^ Shah, Murtaza Ali (27 January 2022). “Khalistan flag installed on Gandhi Statue in Washington”. Geo News. Archived from the original on 31 July 2022. Retrieved 31 July 2022.
- ^ Kinnvall, Catarina (24 January 2007). “Situating Sikh and Hindu Nationalism in India”. Globalization and Religious Nationalism in India: The Search for Ontological Security. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-13-413570-7. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 14 August 2015.
- ^ Crenshaw, Martha, 1995, Terrorism in Context, Pennsylvania State University, ISBN 978-0-271-01015-1 p. 364
- ^ Canton, Naomi (10 June 2022). “Banned SFJ leader unveils ‘Khalistan map’, with Shimla as ‘capital’, before Pak press in Lahore”. The Times of India. Archived from the original on 10 February 2023. Retrieved 26 March 2023.
- ^ Mehtab Ali Shah, The Foreign Policy of Pakistan 1997, pp. 24–25.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Axel, Brian Keith (2001). The Nation’s Tortured Body: Violence, Representation, and the Formation of a Sikh “Diaspora”. Duke University Press. p. 84. ISBN 978-0-8223-2615-1. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
The call for a Sikh homeland was first made in the 1930s, addressed to the quickly dissolving empire.
- ^ Shani, Giorgio (2007). Sikh Nationalism and Identity in a Global Age. Routledge. p. 51. ISBN 978-1-134-10189-4. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
However, the term Khalistan was first coined by Dr V.S. Bhatti to denote an independent Sikh state in March 1940. Dr Bhatti made the case for a separate Sikh state in a pamphlet entitled ‘Khalistan’ in response to the Muslim League’s Lahore Resolution.
- ^ Bianchini, Stefano; Chaturvedi, Sanjay; Ivekovic, Rada; Samaddar, Ranabir (2004). Partitions: Reshaping States and Minds. Routledge. p. 121. ISBN 978-1-134-27654-7. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
Around the same time, a pamphlet of about forty pages, entitled ‘Khalistan’, and authored by medical doctor, V.S. Bhatti, also appeared.
- ^ Gupta, Shekhar; Subramanian, Nirupaman (15 December 1993). “You can’t get Khalistan through military movement: Jagat Singh Chouhan”. India Today. Archived from the original on 4 February 2021. Retrieved 29 November 2019.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d “New brand of Sikh militancy: Suave, tech-savvy pro-Khalistan youth radicalised on social media”. Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 4 March 2021. Retrieved 27 April 2018.
- ^ Jump up to:a b “India gives Trudeau list of suspected Sikh separatists in Canada”. Reuters. 22 February 2018. Archived from the original on 3 February 2021. Retrieved 22 May 2018.
The Sikh insurgency petered out in the 1990s. He told state leaders his country would not support anyone trying to reignite the movement for an independent Sikh homeland called Khalistan.
- ^ Fair, C. Christine (2005). “Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies: Insights from the Khalistan and Tamil Eelam Movements”. Nationalism and Ethnic Politics. 11: 125–156. doi:10.1080/13537110590927845. ISSN 1353-7113. S2CID 145552863.
- ^ Weisman, Steven R. “A Top Indian General is Assassinated”, Seattle Post-Intelligencer, 11 August 1986.
- ^ “The Vaidya Murder Case: Confirming Death Sentences”, India Abroad. (New York edition). New York, N.Y.: 24 July 1992. Vol.XXII, Issue. 43; pg.20.
- ^ “Punjab on edge over hanging of Beant Singh’s killer Bhai Balwant Singh Rajoana”. India Today. 28 March 2012. Archived from the original on 29 March 2012. Retrieved 28 March 2012.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f g h Van Dyke, The Khalistan Movement (2009), p. 990.
- ^ Ali, Haider (6 June 2018). “Mass protests erupt around Golden Temple complex as pro-Khalistan sikhs mark Blue Star anniversary”. Daily Pakistan. Archived from the original on 6 July 2020. Retrieved 25 June 2018.
- ^ “UK: Pakistani-origin lawmaker leads protests in London to call for Kashmir, Khalistan freedom”. Scroll. 27 January 2018. Archived from the original on 3 February 2021. Retrieved 29 June 2018.
- ^ Bhattacharyya, Anirudh (5 June 2017). “Pro-Khalistan groups plan event in Canada to mark Operation Bluestar anniversary”. Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 4 February 2021. Retrieved 6 July 2018.
- ^ Majumdar, Ushinor. “Sikh Extremists in Canada, The UK And Italy Are Working With ISI Or Independently”. Outlook India. Archived from the original on 20 July 2019. Retrieved 8 June 2018.
Q. Is it clear which “foreign hand” is driving this entire nexus? A. Evidence gathered by the police and other agencies points to the ISI as the key perpetrator of extremism in Punjab. (Amarinder Singh Indian Punjab Chief Minister)
- ^ “Simranjit Singh Mann stokes row, dedicates Sangrur win to Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale: Know about pro-Khalistan leader”, Firstpost, 27 June 2022, archived from the original on 27 June 2022, retrieved 27 June 2022
- ^ “Sangrur Bypoll Results Live: AAP loses Bhagwant Mann’s seat, SAD-A wins by 6,800 votes”, Hindustan Times, 26 June 2022, archived from the original on 26 June 2022, retrieved 26 June 2022
- ^ Wallace, Paul (1986). “The Sikhs as a “Minority” in a Sikh Majority State in India”. Asian Survey. 26 (3): 363–377. doi:10.2307/2644197. ISSN 0004-4687. JSTOR 2644197.
Over 8,000,000 of India’s 10,378,979 Sikhs were concentrated in Punjab
- ^ Jolly, Sikh Revivalist Movements (1988), p. 6.
- ^ Purewal, Navtej K. (2017). Living on the Margins: Social Access to Shelter in Urban South Asia. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-351-74899-5. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
The wrangling between various Sikh groupings were resolved by the nineteenth century when Maharajah Ranjit Singh unified the Punjab from Peshawar t the Sutluj River.
- ^ Panton, Kenneth J. (2015). Historical Dictionary of the British Empire. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 470. ISBN 978-0-8108-7524-1. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
A second conflict, just two years later, led to complete subjugation of the Sikhs and the incorporation of the remainder of their lands
- ^ Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 127.
- ^ Axel, Brian Keith (2001). The Nation’s Tortured Body: Violence, Representation, and the Formation of a Sikh “Diaspora”. Duke University Press. p. 85. ISBN 978-0-8223-2615-1. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
The Akalis viewed the Lahore Resolution and the Cripps Mission as a betrayal of the Sikhs and an attempt to usurp what, since the time of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, was historically a Sikh territory.
- ^ Tan, Tai Yong; Kudaisya, Gyanesh (2005) [First published 2000], The Aftermath of Partition in South Asia, Routledge, p. 100, ISBN 978-0-415-28908-5,
The professed intention of the Muslim League to impose a Muslim state on the Punjab (a Muslim majority province) was anathema to the Sikhs … the Sikhs launched a virulent campaign against the Lahore Resolution … Sikh leaders of all political persuasions made it clear that Pakistan would be ‘wholeheartedly resisted’.
- ^ Axel, Brian Keith (2001). The Nation’s Tortured Body: Violence, Representation, and the Formation of a Sikh “Diaspora”. Duke University Press. p. 84. ISBN 978-0-8223-2615-1. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
Against the nationalist ideology of a united India, which called for all groups to set aside “communal” differences, the Shiromani Akali Dal Party of the 1930s rallied around the proposition of a Sikh panth (community) that was separate from Hindus and Muslims.
- ^ Shani, Giorgio (2007). Sikh Nationalism and Identity in a Global Age. Routledge. p. 52. ISBN 978-1-134-10189-4. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
Khalistan was imagined as a theocratic state, a mirror-image of ‘Muslim’ Pakistan, led by the Maharaja of Patiala with the aid of a cabinet consisting of representing federating units.
- ^ Shah, Mehtab Ali (1997), The Foreign Policy of Pakistan: Ethnic Impacts on Diplomacy 1971–1994, I.B.Tauris, ISBN 978-1-86064-169-5, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 5 October 2020
- ^ Hill, K.; Seltzer, W.; Leaning, J.; Malik, S.J.; Russell, S. S.; Makinson, C. (2003), A Demographic Case Study of Forced Migration: The 1947 Partition of India, Harvard University Asia Center, archived from the original on 6 December 2008
- ^ McLeod, W. H. (1989), The Sikhs: History, Religion, and Society, Columbia University Press, ISBN 978-0-231-06815-4
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 129.
- ^ “Gurudwaras Outside of Punjab State”. Gateway To Sikhism. 30 November 1999. Archived from the original on 2 March 2021. Retrieved 17 October 2020.
- ^ Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 130.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d e Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 128.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 134.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f g h Jetly, Rajshree. 2006. “The Khalistan Movement in India: The Interplay of Politics and State Power.” International Review of Modern Sociology 34(1):61–62. JSTOR 41421658.
- ^ “Hindu-Sikh relations – I”. The Tribune. Chandigarh, India: Tribuneindia.com. 3 November 2003. Archived from the original on 5 June 2011.
- ^ Chawla, Muhammad Iqbal. 2017. The Khalistan Movement of 1984: A Critical Appreciation.
- ^ “The Punjab Reorganisation Act, 1966” (PDF). Government of India. 18 September 1966. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 January 2012.
- ^ Stanley Wolpert (2005). India. University of California Press. p. 216. ISBN 9780520246966. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 11 March 2023.
- ^ Mitra, Subrata K. (2007), The Puzzle of India’s Governance: Culture, Context and Comparative Theory, Advances in South Asian Studies: Routledge, p. 94, ISBN 978-1-134-27493-2, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 6 March 2018
- ^ Singh, Khushwant (2004), “The Anandpur Sahib Resolution and Other Akali Demands”, A History of the Sikhs: Volume 2: 1839–2004, Oxford University Press, doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195673098.001.0001, ISBN 978-0-19-567309-8
- ^ Ray, Jayanta Kumar (2007), Aspects of India’s International Relations, 1700 to 2000: South Asia and the World, Pearson Education India, p. 484, ISBN 978-81-317-0834-7, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 16 August 2019
- ^ Jump up to:a b c Akshayakumar Ramanlal Desai (1991). Expanding Governmental Lawlessness and Organized Struggles. Popular Prakashan. pp. 64–66. ISBN 978-81-7154-529-2.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 135.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d Pandya, Haresh (11 April 2007). “Jagjit Singh Chauhan, Sikh Militant Leader in India, Dies at 80”. The New York Times. Archived from the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 17 February 2017.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Axel, The Nation’s Tortured Body (2011), pp. 101–
- ^ Jump up to:a b Gupta, Shekhar; Subramanian, Nirupaman (15 December 1993). “You can’t get Khalistan through military movement: Jagat Singh Chouhan”. India Today. Archived from the original on 4 February 2021. Retrieved 29 November 2019.
- ^ Thomas, Jo (14 June 1984). “London Sikh Assumes Role of Exile Chief”. The New York Times. Archived from the original on 24 October 2018. Retrieved 24 October 2018.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c Dulat, A. S. (13 December 2020). “Genesis of tumultuous period in Punjab”. The Tribune. Chandigarh, India. Archived from the original on 24 June 2021. Retrieved 13 June 2021.
Bhindranwale never raised the demand for Khalistan or went beyond the Akali Anandpur Sahib Resolution, while he himself was prepared for negotiations to the very end.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Stevens, William K. (19 June 1984). “Punjab Raid: Unanswered Questions”. The News York Times. Archived from the original on 24 June 2021. Retrieved 12 June 2021.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d e Chima, Jugdep S (2008), The Sikh Separatist Insurgency in India: Political Leadership and Ethnonationalist Movements, India: Sage Publications, pp. 71–75, ISBN 978-81-321-0538-1, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 5 October 2020
- ^ Sharma, Sanjay (5 June 2011). “Bhajan Lal lived with ‘anti-Sikh, anti-Punjab’ image”. The Times of India. Archived from the original on 10 June 2011.
- ^ Stepan, Alfred; Linz, Juan J.; Yadav, Yogendra (2011), Crafting State-Nations: India and Other Multinational Democracies (Illustrated ed.), JHU Press, p. 97, ISBN 978-0-8018-9723-8, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 5 October 2020
- ^ Ghosh, Srikanta. 1997. Indian Democracy Derailed – Politics and Politicians. APH Publishing. ISBN 978-81-7024-866-8. p. 95.
- ^ Sisson, Mary. 2011. “Sikh Terrorism.” pp. 544–545 in The Sage Encyclopedia of Terrorism (2nd ed.), edited by G. Martin. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. ISBN 978-1-4129-8016-6. doi:10.4135/9781412980173.n368.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Sharma, Mool Chand, and A.K. Sharma, eds. 2004. “Discrimination Based on Religion Archived 24 October 2020 at the Wayback Machine.” pp. 108–110 in Discrimination Based on Sex, Caste, Religion, and Disability. New Delhi: National Council for Teacher Education. Archived from the original on 2 June 2010. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
- ^ Swami, Praveen (16 January 2014). “RAW chief consulted MI6 in build-up to Operation Bluestar”. The Hindu. Chennai, India. Archived from the original on 18 January 2014. Retrieved 9 August 2018.
- ^ Singh, Khushwant. 2004. A History of the Sikhs, Volume II: 1839–2004. New Delhi: Oxford University Press. p. 337.
- ^ Subramanian, L. N. (12 October 2006). “Operation Bluestar, 05 June 1984”. Bharat Rakshak Monitor. 3 (2). Archived from the original on 30 June 2020. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
- ^ Jump up to:a b “Sikh Leader in Punjab Accord Assassinated”. Los Angeles Times. Times Wire Services. 21 August 1985. Archived from the original on 29 January 2016. Retrieved 9 August 2018.
- ^ Tully, Mark; Jacob, Satish (1985). Amritsar: Mrs Gandhi’s Last Battle (5 ed.). J. Cape. p. 147. ISBN 978-0-22-402328-3. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ Wolpert, Stanley A., ed. (2009). “India”. Encyclopædia Britannica.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Gates, Scott; Roy, Kaushik (4 February 2014). “Insurgency and Counter-Insurgency in Punjab”. Unconventional Warfare in South Asia: Shadow Warriors and Counterinsurgency. Ashgate Publishing. p. 167. ISBN 978-1-40-943706-2. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ Diwanji, Amberish K. (4 June 2004). “There is a limit to how much a country can take”. The Rediff Interview/Lieutenant General Kuldip Singh Brar (retired). Rediff.com. Archived from the original on 3 December 2019. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ Walia, Varinder (20 March 2007). “Army reveals startling facts on Bluestar, says Longowal surrendered”. The Tribune. Amristar. Archived from the original on 4 August 2020. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ Jugdep S Chima (2008). The Sikh Separatist Insurgency in India: Political Leadership and Ethnonationalist Movements. Sage Publishing India. pp. 114–. ISBN 978-9351509530. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 13 March 2023.
- ^ White Paper on the Punjab Agitation. New Delhi: Government of India Press. 1984. p. 40. OL 1839009M. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ Karim, Afsir (1991). Counter Terrorism, the Pakistan Factor. Lancer Publishers. pp. 33–36. ISBN 978-8170621270. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 13 March 2023.
- ^ “Pakistan would have recognised Khalistan”. Rediff.com. 3 June 2004. Archived from the original on 29 January 2009. Retrieved 20 June 2006.
- ^ Andrew, Christopher M.; Mitrokhin, Vasili (2005). The Mitrokhin Archive II: The KGB and the World. Allen Lane. p. 336. ISBN 978-0-7139-9359-2. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 30 September 2022.
- ^ Andrew, Christopher (2008). The World Was Going Our Way: The KGB and the Battle for the Third World. DIANE Publishing Company. ISBN 978-1-4223-9312-3. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 30 September 2022.
- ^ Subramanian Swamy (1992). Building a New India: An Agenda for National Renaissance. UBS Publishers’ Distributors. p. 18. ISBN 978-81-85674-21-6. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 6 September 2022.
The 1984 Operation Bluestar became necessary because of the vast disinformation against Sant Bhindranwale by the KGB, and repeated inside Parliament by the Congress Party of India.
- ^ Guidry, John A., Michael D. Kennedy, and Mayer N. Zald, eds. 2000. Globalizations and Social Movements: Culture, Power, and the Transnational Public Sphere. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 978-0-472-06721-3. p. 319.
- ^ Nanavati, G. T. 9 February 2005. “Report of the Justice Nanavati Commission of Inquiry (1984 Anti-Sikh Riots) Archived 3 February 2021 at the Wayback Machine” 1. New Delhi: Ministry of Home Affairs. Archived from the original 27 November 2014. Retrieved 18 May 2020. Also available via People’s Archive of Rural India Archived 7 May 2020 at the Wayback Machine.
- ^ Jump up to:a b “What about the big fish?”. Tehelka. Anant Media. 25 August 2005. Archived from the original on 13 September 2012.
- ^ Singh, Swadesh Bahadur. 31 May 1996. “Cabinet berth for a Sikh.” Indian Express.
- ^ Kumar, Ram Narayan, et al. 2003. Reduced to Ashes: The Insurgency and Human Rights in Punjab. South Asia Forum for Human Rights. p. 43. Available via Committee for Information and Initiative on Punjab.
- ^ In Depth: Air India Archived 18 March 2005 at the Wayback Machine – The Victims, CBC News Online, 16 March 2005
- ^ “Free. Fair. Fearless”. Tehelka. Archived from the original on 12 September 2012.
- ^ “Jagmeet Singh now rejects glorification of Air India bombing mastermind”. CBC News. 15 March 2018. Archived from the original on 2 October 2020. Retrieved 4 August 2020.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c Gilligan, Andrew (21 April 2008). “Ken’s adviser is linked to terror group”. London Evening Standard. Archived from the original on 12 June 2009. Retrieved 26 May 2009.
- ^ Bolan, Kim (9 February 2008). “Air India bombmaker sent to holding centre”. Ottawa Citizen. Archived from the original on 9 November 2012. Retrieved 31 May 2009.
- ^ “Convicted Air India bomb-builder Inderjit Singh Reyat gets bail”. CBC News. 9 July 2008. Archived from the original on 10 July 2008. Retrieved 10 June 2009.
- ^ “Sikh Temple Sit-In Is a Challenge for Punjab.” The New York Times. 2 February 1986.
- ^ Singh, I. (10 July 2012). “Sarbat Khalsa and Gurmata”. SikhNet. Archived from the original on 12 June 2013. Retrieved 15 March 2013.
- ^ “Sant Nirankari Mission”. nirankari.org. Archived from the original on 13 January 2023. Retrieved 13 January 2023.
- ^ “Gunmen Slaughter 32 on Bus in India in Bloodiest Attack of Sikh Campaign”. The Philadelphia Inquirer, 7 July 1987. Page A03.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d Gargan, Edward (10 October 1991). “Envoy of Romania Abducted in India”. The New York Times. Archived from the original on 23 October 2018. Retrieved 17 February 2017.
- ^ Gurharpal Singh, Ethnic Conflict in India (2000), Chapters 8 & 9.
- ^ Gurharpal Singh, Ethnic Conflict in India (2000), Chapter 10.
- ^ “Amnesty International report on Punjab”. Amnesty International. 20 January 2003. Archived from the original on 3 December 2006.
- ^ “The Tribune, Chandigarh, India – Punjab”. Tribuneindia.com. Archived from the original on 5 June 2011. Retrieved 27 September 2015.
- ^ “SAD (A) to contest the coming SGPC elections on Khalistan issue: Mann”. PunjabNewsline.com. 14 January 2010. Archived from the original on 15 July 2011.
- ^ “Balwinder Singh Sandu”. Gallantry Awards. Archived from the original on 31 October 2020. Retrieved 29 October 2020.
- ^ “Gunmen Wound India Ambassador”. Los Angeles Times. 21 August 1991. Archived from the original on 10 October 2012. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ “World Notes India”. Time. 21 October 1991. Archived from the original on 30 September 2007. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ “Secret Injustice: The Harpal Singh Case | Part 1: Flashback”. The Sikh Sentinel. 17 September 2003. Archived from the original on 8 March 2012.
- ^ Talbot, India and Pakistan (2000), p. 272.
- ^ Simmons, Mary Kate (1998). Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization: yearbook. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. p. 187. ISBN 978-90-411-0223-2. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 3 August 2018.
- ^ “Issue Paper INDIA: Sikhs in Punjab 1994–95”. Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada. February 1996. Retrieved 31 May 2009.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d “U.S. Court Convicts Khalid Awan for Supporting Khalistan Commando Force”. The United States Attorney’s Office. 20 December 2006. Archived from the original on 15 January 2012. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ Mahmood, Cynthia. 5 May 1997. “Fax to Ted Albers.” Orono, Maine: Resource Information Center.
- ^ Documentation, Information and Research Branch. 17 February 1997. “India: Information from four specialists on the Punjab, Response to Information Request #IND26376.EX.” Ottawa: Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada.
- ^ “Protecting the Killers: A Policy of Impunity in Punjab, India: I. Summary”. Human Rights Watch. 9 October 2006. Archived from the original on 12 October 2008. Retrieved 11 January 2010.
- ^ Special Broadcasting Service:: Dateline – presented by George Negus Archived 28 August 2008 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ “The Hindu: Opinion / News Analysis: Is justice possible without looking for the truth?”. The Hindu. 9 September 2005. Archived from the original on 22 May 2008.
- ^ “India: A vital opportunity to end impunity in Punjab”. Amnesty International USA. Archived from the original on 25 June 2009.
- ^ “ASW”. Human Rights Watch. 1992. Archived from the original on 12 October 2012. Retrieved 11 January 2010.
- ^ “India: Time to Deliver Justice for Atrocities in Punjab”. Human Rights Watch. 18 October 2007. Archived from the original on 13 January 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ “Document – India: Break the cycle of impunity and torture in Punjab | Amnesty International”. Amnesty International. 2003. Archived from the original on 12 June 2011. Retrieved 11 January 2010.
- ^ Sehgal, Manjeet (23 September 2019). “Punjab: Four Khalistan Zindabad Force terrorists arrested in Taran Taran”. India Today. Archived from the original on 15 December 2019. Retrieved 27 December 2019.
- ^ Service, Tribune News. “NIA demands custody of 4 in Tarn Taran blast case”. Tribuneindia News Service. Archived from the original on 27 December 2019. Retrieved 27 December 2019.
- ^ Punj, Balbair (16 June 2005). “The Ghost of Khalistan”. The Sikh Times. Archived from the original on 4 December 2018. Retrieved 23 January 2007.
- ^ “Terror attacks in Punjab being planned by pro-Khalistan outfits with Pak’s support: Intelligence sources”. DNA India. 26 December 2019. Archived from the original on 27 December 2019. Retrieved 27 December 2019.
- ^ Nanjappa, Vicky (26 December 2019). “High alert declared after IB picks up intercepts on possible terror attack in Punjab”. Oneindia. Archived from the original on 27 December 2019. Retrieved 27 December 2019.
- ^ “Official Resolutions From Sarbat Khalsa 2015”. Sikh24.com. 11 November 2015. Archived from the original on 12 November 2015. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
- ^ “Khalistan slogans raised as Mann comes to meet Khalsa”. The Indian Express. 25 July 2015. Archived from the original on 27 August 2015. Retrieved 14 August 2015.
- ^ “Probable Resurgence of the Khalistan Movement: Role of the Sikh Diaspora – Science, Technology and Security forum”. stsfor.org. Archived from the original on 16 October 2015. Retrieved 2 April 2023.
- ^ “Responses to Information Requests”. irb-cisr.gc.ca. 5 June 2018. Archived from the original on 14 August 2019. Retrieved 14 August 2019.
- ^ “Pro-Khalistan slogans raised on Bluestar anniversary in Punjab”. Deccan Herald. 6 June 2015. Archived from the original on 25 July 2015. Retrieved 14 August 2015.
- ^ “Pro-Khalistan slogans raised during Punjab CM Parkash Singh Badal’s function”. The Indian Express. 26 July 2015. Archived from the original on 29 August 2015. Retrieved 14 August 2015.
- ^ Kumar, Ram Narayan (1997), The Sikh unrest and the Indian state: politics, personalities, and historical retrospective, Ajanta, ISBN 978-81-202-0453-9 quoted in Rediff On the Net Archived 15 August 2018 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Pettigrew, The Sikhs of the Punjab (1995), pp. 188–197.
- ^ Van Dyke, The Khalistan Movement (2009), p. 992.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Van Dyke, The Khalistan Movement (2009), p. 991.
- ^ Jump up to:a b “No chance of another Khalistan movement in Punjab: Defence experts”. Hindustan Times. ANI. 19 March 2016. Archived from the original on 6 May 2018. Retrieved 5 May 2018.
- ^ Dhillon, Simrat (December 2007). “The Sikh Diaspora and the Quest for Khalistan: A Search for Statehood or for Self-preservation?” (PDF). Institute of Peace and Conflict Studies. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 August 2019. Retrieved 26 May 2009.
- ^ Anand, Nisha. “Australian police releases pics of 6 men involved in Khalistan referendum brawl”. Hindustan Times.
- ^ “Brawl breaks out over Khalistan referendum in Australia; India raises concerns with authorities”. The Indian Express. 30 January 2023. Retrieved 13 October 2024.
- ^ “‘Appalled’: Australian envoy on attack by Khalistan elements on pro-India groups”. Hindustan Times.
- ^ “Police investigating attack on Brampton radio host after remarks on Punjabi actor”. The Globe and Mail. 24 February 2022. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
He told police he was approached near his Brampton studio Wednesday afternoon by three men who were shouting support for Mr. Sidhu, who was also a Sikh activist. “One of them pulled a gun on me, and the other hit me on the head with a beer bottle,” he told The Globe and Mail.
- ^ “‘Bhindranwale 2.0’: Radical Khalistan Sympathiser Amritpal Singh Active in Punjab”. NDTV News. Archived from the original on 24 February 2023. Retrieved 24 February 2023.
Often escorted by armed supporters and donning a flowing white ‘chola’ and a navy-blue turban, radical preacher and Khalistan sympathiser Amritpal Singh has been very active for some time in Punjab.
- ^ Sethi, Chitleen K. (23 February 2023). “Radical activist Amritpal storms Ajnala police station with supporters, secures aide’s release”. ThePrint. Archived from the original on 24 February 2023. Retrieved 24 February 2023.
- ^ “Radical preacher Amritpal Singh issue: Habeas corpus petition moved in HC seeking his ‘release'”. The Financial Express. Archived from the original on 19 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
- ^ [137][138][139]
- ^ “Deep Sidhu disliked Amritpal Singh, blocked his phone”. Tribune India. Archived from the original on 10 February 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ Matharu, Sonal (25 October 2022). “Fiery orator, ‘Bhindranwale 2.0’ – who’s Amritpal Singh, new ‘head’ of Deep Sidhu’s Waris Punjab De”. ThePrint. Archived from the original on 16 November 2022. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “The rise and fall of Amritpal Singh”. Tribune India. Archived from the original on 20 March 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “Unaware how Amritpal Singh declared himself head of ‘Waris Punjab De’, says Deep Sidhu’s kin”. Financialexpress. 24 February 2023. Archived from the original on 19 March 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “Amritpal Singh: Amrit Sanchar to focus on ‘de-addiction’ of youth”. Tribune India. Archived from the original on 16 November 2022. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “‘Khalistan shouldn’t be seen as…’: Amritpal Singh as Toofan to be freed today”. Hindustan Times. 24 February 2023. Archived from the original on 24 February 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “Amritpal Singh | A radical preacher”. The Hindu. 25 February 2023. ISSN 0971-751X. Archived from the original on 31 March 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ Mogul, Rhea (22 March 2023). “Khalistan: The outlawed Sikh separatist movement that has Indian authorities on edge”. CNN. Archived from the original on 23 March 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “‘Waris Punjab De’ chief Amritpal Singh arrested from Punjab’s Moga under NSA; shifted to Assam’s Dibrugarh jail”. The Hindu. 23 April 2023. ISSN 0971-751X. Archived from the original on 23 April 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “Watch: Sikhs attack Indian consulate in San Francisco, raise Khalistani flag to protest against crackdown on Amritpal Singh”. Free Press Journal. 20 March 2023. Archived from the original on 21 March 2023. Retrieved 21 March 2023.
- ^ Simon Little; Julie Nolin. “Journalist allegedly assaulted as Punjab tensions spill over into B.C.” Global News. Archived from the original on 21 March 2023. Retrieved 21 March 2023.
- ^ “Indian High Commission: Diplomat summoned after London protest”. BBC News. 20 March 2023. Archived from the original on 25 June 2023. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
- ^ “Amritpal Singh’s brother-in-law key accused in attack on Indian high commission in Canada”. Hindustan Times. 24 June 2023. Archived from the original on 5 July 2023. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
- ^ “Pro-Khalistan protesters tried to set on fire India’s consulate in San Francisco”. The Tribune India. Archived from the original on 25 June 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “Senior Indian journalist attacked by pro-Khalistanis outside Indian Embassy in Washington”. Deccan Herald. 26 March 2023. Archived from the original on 25 June 2023. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
- ^ “Journalist allegedly assaulted as Punjab tensions spill over into B.C.” Global News. Archived from the original on 21 March 2023. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
- ^ “Journalist allegedly assaulted as Punjab tensions spill over into B.C.” Global News. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
- ^ “‘Mr Taranjit Singh Sandhu…’: Khalistan supporter threatens Indian envoy to US | Watch”. Hindustan Times. 26 March 2023. Archived from the original on 27 June 2023. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
- ^ Anirudh Bhattacharyya (27 April 2018). “Canadian police frees Khalistani ‘separatist’ Hardeep Nijjar after 24 hours in custody”. Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 21 September 2023. Retrieved 19 September 2023.
- ^ “2nd attack since March: Indian consulate set on fire in San Francisco; US condemns violence”. The Times of India. 4 July 2023. ISSN 0971-8257. Archived from the original on 4 July 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ Jump up to:a b “US condemns vandalism, attempted arson against Indian Consulate in San Francisco”. Tribune India. Archived from the original on 4 July 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “US condemns vandalism at Indian consulate in San Francisco”. Reuters. 4 July 2023. Archived from the original on 4 July 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “‘Heated’ demonstration at Indian consulate in Toronto sees one arrested”. The Globe and Mail. 9 July 2023. Archived from the original on 14 July 2023. Retrieved 14 July 2023.
Some online posters ahead of the event said “Kill India” and suggested, without evidence, that Indian diplomats played a role in Mr. Nijjar’s death.
- ^ “A year after Hardeep Singh Nijjar’s death, mysteries remain about how he really lived”. The Globe and Mail. 22 June 2024. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
- ^ “Pro-Khalistani Group in Toronto Glorifies Beant Singh’s Killer, Indian Authorities to Raise Issue With Canada | EXCLUSIVE”. News18. 2 September 2024. Retrieved 13 October 2024.
- ^ “Canada: Pro-Khalistan rallies feature floats celebrating 1995 Beant Singh bombing”. Business Today. 1 September 2024. Retrieved 13 October 2024.
- ^ “‘I will not be silenced’: Calgary radio host attack caught on CCTV”. Global News. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
- ^ “Calgary radio host speaks out after being attacked outside banquet hall”. Global News. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
- ^ “Indo-Canadian mediaperson, attacked by two persons, blames ‘pro-Khalistan’ elements”. Hindustan Times.
- ^ “Calgary police investigating weekend assault of radio host”. CTV News Calgary. 1 October 2024. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
- ^ “Radio journalist says he was assaulted in attack over news coverage”. Calgary Herald.
City police are seeking two suspects in an assault on a well-known radio journalist in Calgary’s northeast that apparently targeted his reporting on crime issues within the Sikh community.
- ^ “Calgary police probe assault of RED FM news director”. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation.
Staff Sgt. John Guigon said Nagar was struck in the head but was not seriously hurt, and that the incident was captured on video. “It was not a pleasant situation,” he said.”[It is] particularly troubling to us when a member of the media gets attacked in a democracy…. We’re throwing resources at it.”
- ^ [167][168][169][170][171][172]
- ^ Sharma, Abhinav (3 October 2024). “Canadian radio journalist Rishi Nagar attacked by Khalistani groups in Canada”. Diya TV. Retrieved 4 October 2024.
A group of men supportive of the Khalistan separatist movement violently assaulted Canada-based RED FM News Director Rishi Nagar allegedly for refusing to align with their agenda.
- ^ Moharib, Nadia (30 September 2024). “Man threatened outside NE temple, two arrested: Calgary police”. CityNews Calgary. Retrieved 11 October 2024.
- ^ Bradley, Jonathan (1 October 2024). “RED FM Calgary host says attack will not stop his journalism”. Western Standard. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
- ^ Bradley, Jonathan (2 October 2024). “UPDATED: Poilievre, Smith say they are disturbed by attack on RED FM Calgary host”. Western Standard. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
- ^ “Journalists reporting against Khalistan groups under attack in Canada, says Indian-origin MP”. The Tribune. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
- ^ O’Brien, Raju Mudhar, Abby (9 November 2024). “‘This is not a Hindu and Sikh battle’: The complex history behind protests that erupted at Brampton temples this week over Indian consular visits”. Toronto Star. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
In another video, individuals holding pro-Khalistan flagpoles can be seen running onto the property, striking those inside the perimeter with them. A chaotic scene ensues.
- ^ Aguilar, Bryann (3 November 2024). “Police increase their presence at Hindu temple in Brampton after protest”. CP24. Retrieved 3 November 2024.
- ^ ICI.Radio-Canada.ca, Zone Justice et faits divers- (4 November 2024). “3 arrested and charged after protest at Brampton Hindu temple, police say”. Radio-Canada.ca (in Canadian French). Retrieved 4 November 2024.
- ^ O’Brien, Raju Mudhar, Abby (9 November 2024). “‘This is not a Hindu and Sikh battle’: The complex history behind protests that erupted at Brampton temples this week over Indian consular visits”. Toronto Star. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
The clash saw three people arrested and an off-duty police officer who participated in the protest, Sergeant Harinder Sohi, suspended.
- ^ “Peel cop suspended after participating in protest outside Hindu temple”. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation.
- ^ “Who Is The Suspended Cop Harinder Sohi And What Happened At The Pro-Khalistan Protest?”. TheDailyGuardian. Retrieved 4 November 2024.
- ^ O’Brien, Raju Mudhar, Abby (9 November 2024). “‘This is not a Hindu and Sikh battle’: The complex history behind protests that erupted at Brampton temples this week over Indian consular visits”. Toronto Star. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
The video then appears to show one of the officers breaking away from his colleagues, running onto temple property, and repeatedly striking an individual. When reached for comment, Peel police said it was aware of the video and was looking into it.
- ^ “Video: Canadian cop punches Hindu man protesting against pro-Khalistan mob attack”. India Today. 4 November 2024. Retrieved 4 November 2024.
- ^ “Fears of more clashes between Sikhs and Hindus in Brampton, Ont., as Canada-India rift spills over into suburbs”. The Globe and Mail. 8 November 2024. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
The Khalistani protesters claimed the event at the Hindu temple Sunday – where Indian consular staff were helping Indian immigrants apply for government pensions – was part of surveillance efforts to keep tabs on pro-Khalistan Sikhs.
- ^ O’Brien, Raju Mudhar, Abby (9 November 2024). “‘This is not a Hindu and Sikh battle’: The complex history behind protests that erupted at Brampton temples this week over Indian consular visits”. Toronto Star. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
It was the presence of Indian Consular officials, who have been visiting communities to help older people in the diaspora who may be entitled to pensions, that prompted SFJ to plan Sunday’s demonstration.
- ^ “Violent clashes erupt outside consular camp at Hindu temple in Canada’s Brampton”. The Hindu. 4 November 2024. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
Most beneficiaries of the consular service organised by the Indian High Commission in Brampton were Sikh members of the Indian diaspora.
- ^ “Fears of more clashes between Sikhs and Hindus in Brampton, Ont., as Canada-India rift spills over into suburbs”. The Globe and Mail. 8 November 2024. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
- ^ O’Brien, Raju Mudhar, Abby (9 November 2024). “‘This is not a Hindu and Sikh battle’: The complex history behind protests that erupted at Brampton temples this week over Indian consular visits”. Toronto Star. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
- ^ Lavoie, Joanna (9 November 2024). “Another person charged following violent demonstrations in Peel Region”. CP24. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
- ^ “Clashes erupted outside a Hindu temple near Toronto. They’re the latest sign of Canada and India’s spiraling relations”. CNN.
- ^ Jump up to:a b “Not one of its leaders elected since 1999, SAD (Amritsar) still contests polls demanding Khalistan”. The Indian Express. 22 January 2022. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
Headed by former MP Simranjit Singh Mann, a retired IPS officer, SAD (Amritsar) is the only party which still contests the elections in Punjab with demand for a separate Khalistan.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Takkar, Jatin (4 June 2024). “Pro-Khalistan separatists Amritpal and Sarabjeet lead over rivals”. The Economic Times. ISSN 0013-0389. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
- ^ Sethi, Chitleen K. (5 June 2024). “Amritpal, Sarabjeet Singh Khalsa — Sikh radicals’ poll victories pose challenge for Mann govt”. ThePrint. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
Amritpal Singh won from Khadoor Sahib by biggest margin this election in Punjab & Beant Singh’s son Khalsa won in Faridkot. But, Simranjit Singh Mann lost his Sangrur seat.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c “General Election to Parliamentary Constituencies: Trends & Results June-2024”. Election Commission of India.
- ^ “Father didn’t care and laid down his life, Sikh community pulled family through troubled times: Sarabjit Singh Khalsa”. The Economic Times. 6 June 2024. ISSN 0013-0389. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
Six-year-old Sarabjit when his father Beant Singh, a Delhi police SI who was part of the PM’s security detail, along with another of her bodyguards, Satwant Singh, assassinated Indira Gandhi in October 1984.
- ^ Pettigrew, The Sikhs of the Punjab (1995), p. 24.
- ^ Aggarwal, J. C.; Agrawal, S. P. (1992), Modern History of Punjab, Concept Publishing Company, p. 117, ISBN 978-81-7022-431-0
- ^ Jump up to:a b Puri, Harish K., Paramjit Singh Judge, and Jagrup Singh Sekhon. 1999. Terrorism in Punjab: Understanding Grassroots Reality. New Delhi: Har-Anand Publications. pp. 68–71.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 133.
- ^ Jump up to:a b “Council Common Position 2005/427/CFSP of 6 June 2005 updating Common Position 2001/931/CFSP on the application of specific measures to combat terrorism and repealing Common Position 2005/220/CFSP” (PDF). European Union. 6 June 2005. p. 5. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 June 2013. Retrieved 31 May 2009.
- ^ “Currently listed entities (terrorist organizations-ed)”. Public Safety Canada. Archived from the original on 26 June 2009. Retrieved 31 May 2009.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f Milewski, Terry (28 June 2007). “Sikh politics in Canada. Symbols and suits. Sikh extremism enters mainstream Canadian politics”. CBC. Archived from the original on 1 June 2009. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ Jump up to:a b “Proscribed terrorist groups”. UK Office for Security and Counter Terrorism. Archived from the original on 15 June 2009. Retrieved 24 May 2009.
- ^ “Terrorist Exclusion List”. U. S. Bureau of Counterterrorism and Countering Violent Extremism. 29 December 2004. Archived from the original on 13 May 2009. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ “Appendix F: Countering Terrorism on the Economic Front” (PDF). US Department of State. p. 2. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 November 2020. Retrieved 31 May 2009.
- ^ Mahmood (1996), p. 328
- ^ Martha Crenshaw, ed. (1995), Terrorism in Context, Pennsylvania State University Press, p. 656, ISBN 978-0-271-01015-1, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 29 August 2020
- ^ Atkins, Stephen E. (2004), Encyclopedia of modern worldwide extremists and extremist groups (illustrated ed.), Greenwood Publishing Group, p. 404, ISBN 978-0-313-32485-7, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 26 June 2009
- ^ “Foreign Terrorist Organizations”. U. S. Department of State. 8 April 2008. Archived from the original on 13 May 2009.
- ^ “Law Enforcement Cases: International Narcotics Control Strategy Report: Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs”. US Department of State. March 2008. Archived from the original on 16 August 2019. Retrieved 8 June 2009.
- ^ Office of the Coordinator for Counterterrorism (April 1996). “1995 Patterns of Global Terrorism”. Federation of American Scientists. Archived from the original on 22 January 2009. Retrieved 30 May 2009.
- ^ Pratap, Anita (22 May 1996). “Bus explosion in India kills at least 14: It’s the second bombing in two days”. New Delhi: CNN. Archived from the original on 8 November 2012. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ “CNN – Fatal bomb meant to disrupt – April 21, 1996”. cnn.com. Archived from the original on 8 November 2012. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ “KZF behind Jalandhar blasts”. The Indian Express. 19 June 2006. Archived from the original on 5 June 2009. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ “Patterns of Global Terrorism: 1997 – appendix B”. U. S. Department of State. 1997. Archived from the original on 23 November 2010. Retrieved 25 May 2009.
- ^ Nayar, Kuldip (22 February 1999). “It is fundamentalism again”. Rediff.com. Archived from the original on 5 January 2012. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ Juergensmeyer, Mark (14 October 2004). “From Bhindranwale to Bin Laden: Understanding Religious Violence” (PDF). Self. p. 30. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 July 2011. Retrieved 26 May 2009.
- ^ Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 136.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 132.
- ^ Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 137.
- ^ Downing, John D. H. (2011). Encyclopedia of Social Movement Media. Sage. p. 290. ISBN 978-0-7619-2688-7. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 25 October 2018.
- ^ Simmons, Mary Kate (1998). Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization: yearbook. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. p. 187. ISBN 978-90-411-0223-2. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 5 October 2020.
- ^ Anderson, Edward T. G. (1 January 2024). Hindu Nationalism in the Indian Diaspora: Transnational Politics and British Multiculturalism. Oxford University Press. p. 333. ISBN 978-0-19-778328-3.
- ^ Behera, Demystifying Kashmir (2007), pp. 87–88.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Haqqani, Pakistan Between the Mosque and Military (2010), pp. 270–271.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Sirrs, Pakistan’s Inter-Services Intelligence Directorate (2016), p. 167.
- ^ Haqqani, Pakistan Between the Mosque and Military (2010), p. 272.
- ^ “Canadian gets 14 years for funding terrorists”. The Globe and Mail. 13 September 2007. Archived from the original on 24 September 2021. Retrieved 5 October 2018.
- ^ Nanjappa, Vicky (10 June 2008). “200 Pak organisations raise funds for terror: IB”. Rediff.com. Archived from the original on 22 July 2021. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Markham, James M. (16 June 1984). “India Talks of C.I.A. Role in Unrest”. The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 28 November 2019. Retrieved 28 November 2019.
- ^ “CIA, ISI encouraged Sikh terrorism”. The Times of India. Press Trust of India. 26 July 2007. Archived from the original on 1 April 2020. Retrieved 28 November 2019.
- ^ “US, Pak ISI had a hand in Punjab militancy: Book”. Hindustan Times. 26 July 2007. Archived from the original on 6 February 2021. Retrieved 1 December 2019.
- ^ Nakashima, Ellen; Shih, Gerry; Amanda, Coletta (29 November 2023). “U.S. prosecutors allege assassination plot of Sikh separatist directed by Indian government employee”. The Washington Post. Retrieved 29 November 2023.
- ^ “Sikh extremism spread fast in Canada”. expressindia.com. 23 May 2007. Archived from the original on 14 October 2012. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ “Sikh extremism in Canada mushroomed very quickly”. rediff.com. 23 May 2007. Archived from the original on 28 March 2012. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ Brown, Jim (22 November 2007). “The reign of terror is still there”. Toronto Star. Archived from the original on 12 October 2012. Retrieved 2 September 2017.
- ^ Kay, Jonathan (17 November 2008). “A true Sikh martyr: Jonathan Kay on the 10th anniversary of the assassination of Tara Singh Hayer”. The National Post. Retrieved 7 June 2009.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Bolan, Kim (2006). Loss of Faith: How the Air-India Bombers Got Away With Murder (Paperback ed.). McClelland & Stewart. p. 388 (Chapters 6 and 7). ISBN 978-0-7710-1131-3.
- ^ “Testimony: Babbar Khalsa Ordered Tara Singh Hayer Slaying”. CanWest News Service. 14 December 2003. Archived from the original on 28 September 2011. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ Summers, Chris (2 June 2000). “Call for end to Sikh murder mystery”. BBC News. Archived from the original on 12 November 2013. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ Summers, Chris (17 March 2005). “Call for police to solve Sikh murder”. BBC News. Archived from the original on 7 May 2010. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ “Netfirms | This site is temporarily unavailable”. Worldsikh.ca. Archived from the original on 1 January 2012. Retrieved 27 September 2015.
- ^ Grewal, San (11 July 2007). “Sikh organization sues CBC”. Toronto Star. Archived from the original on 27 January 2020. Retrieved 27 January 2020.
- ^ “Canadian journalist hits out at Sikh extremism”. The Times of India. 1 July 2007.[dead link]
- ^ Morley, Robert. “Sikh Terrorism Enters Politics in Canada”. The Trumpet. Archived from the original on 2 June 2011. Retrieved 25 May 2009.
- ^ Thorne, Barry (6 March 2008). “India PM warns against renewed Sikh extremism”. Radio Netherlands Worldwide. Archived from the original on 10 March 2008.
- ^ Bolan, Kim (11 March 2008). “Sikh separatist threat on rise in Canada: Indian PM warns of resurgent threat in Canada”. Vancouver Sun. Archived from the original on 12 November 2013.
- ^ “Amarinder Singh meets Justin Trudeau and Canada’s ‘Khalistani sympathiser’ minister”. The Times of India. 21 February 2018. Archived from the original on 11 October 2018. Retrieved 8 June 2018.
- ^ Singh, Surjit; Sharma, Anil (21 February 2018). “Khalistan figures in Trudeau-Amarinder talks, Punjab CM hands over list of 9 Canada-based radicals”. Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 8 June 2018.
- ^ Connolly, Amanda. “Jagmeet Singh defends speaking at Sikh separatist rally in 2015”. Global News. Archived from the original on 23 May 2018. Retrieved 22 May 2018.
- ^ “Khalistan no issue either in Canada or Punjab, says Sukhbir Badal”. Hindustan Times. 23 February 2018. Archived from the original on 11 March 2018. Retrieved 11 March 2018.
- ^ Milewski, Terry (September 2020). “Khalistan: A project of Pakistan” (PDF). Macdonald-Laurier Institute. Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 December 2020. Retrieved 4 February 2021.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c Pathi, Krutika (19 September 2023). “India expels Canadian diplomat, escalating tensions after Trudeau accuses India in Sikh’s killing”. AP News. Archived from the original on 19 September 2023. Retrieved 19 September 2023.
- ^ Staff, Star (14 October 2024). “Canada and India each expel six diplomats amid murder investigation of Sikh activist in B.C.” Toronto Star. Retrieved 27 November 2024.
- ^ “Trudeau accuses India in killing of Sikh leader on Canadian soil”. The Globe and Mail. 18 September 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2024.
- ^ “Sikh separatists ‘funded from UK'”. BBC News. 4 March 2008. Archived from the original on 26 March 2012. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ Bassey, Amardeep (26 February 2008). “TRANSCRIPT OF “FILE ON 4″- ‘SIKH GROUPS'” (PDF). BBC News. p. 20. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 February 2022. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ “Foreign Terrorist Organizations”. U. S. Department of State. 8 April 2008. Archived from the original on 13 May 2009.
- ^ “Terrorism: What You Need To Know About U.S. Sanctions”. U.S. Department of Treasury. Archived from the original on 20 October 2011. Retrieved 24 May 2009.
- ^ Gilligan, Andrew (21 April 2008). “Sikh civil servant who backs ‘martyr’ is now on TfL board” (PDF). Evening Standard. London. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 June 2009.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Bolan, Kim (18 February 2008). “Sikh leader solicits support”. Vancouver Sun. Archived from the original on 3 June 2009.
- ^ “Sikh separatists ‘funded from UK'”. BBC. 4 March 2008. Archived from the original on 14 December 2021. Retrieved 24 April 2008.
- Bibliography
- Axel, Brian Keith (2001), The nation’s Tortured Body: Violence, representation, and the formation of a Sikh “Diaspora”, Duke University Press, ISBN 978-0-8223-2615-1
- Behera, Navnita Chadha (2007), Demystifying Kashmir, Pearson Education India, ISBN 978-8131708460
- Deol, Harnik (2000), Religion and Nationalism in India: The case of the Punjab, Routledge, ISBN 978-0-415-20108-7
- Fair, C. Christine (2005), “Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies: Insights from the Khalistan and Tamil Eelam Movements”, Nationalism and Ethnic Politics, 11: 125–156, doi:10.1080/13537110590927845, S2CID 145552863
- Ghosh, Srikanta (1997), Indian Democracy Derailed – Politics and Politicians, APH Publishing, ISBN 978-81-7024-866-8, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 16 August 2019
- Haqqani, Husain (2010), Pakistan: Between Mosque and Military, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, ISBN 978-0-87003-285-1
- Jodhka, Surinder S. (21 April 2001), “Looking Back at the Khalistan Movement: Some Recent Researches on Its Rise and Decline”, Economic and Political Weekly, 36 (16): 1311–1318
- Jolly, Surjit (1988), Sikh Revivalist Movements, Gitanjali Publishing House, ISBN 978-81-85060-23-1, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 24 December 2018
- Mahmood, Cynthia Keppley (1996), Fighting for Faith and Nation, Series in Contemporary Ethnography, University of Pennsylvania Press, ISBN 978-0-8122-1592-2, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 29 August 2020
- Nayar, Kuldip; Singh, Kushwant (1985), Tragedy of Punjab, Vision Books, ISBN 1-85127-069-8, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 24 December 2018
- Pettigrew, Joyce (1995), The Sikhs of the Punjab: Unheard Voices of State and Guerrilla Violence, Zed Books, ISBN 978-1-85649-355-0
- Shah, Mehtab Ali (1997), The Foreign Policy of Pakistan: Ethnic Impacts on Diplomacy 1971–1994, I.B.Tauris, ISBN 978-1-86064-169-5
- Shani, Giorgio (2005), “Beyond Khalistan? Sikh diasporic identity and critical international theory1”, Sikh Formations, 1 (1): 57–74, doi:10.1080/17448720500132565, S2CID 145300683
- Shani, Giorgio (2008), Sikh Nationalism and Identity in a Global Age, Routledge, ISBN 978-0-415-42190-4, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 24 December 2018
- Singh, Gurharpal (2000), Ethnic Conflict in India: A Case-Study of Punjab, Palgrave Macmillan UK, ISBN 978-0-333-98177-1, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 3 December 2018
- Sirrs, Owen L. (2016). Pakistan’s Inter-Services Intelligence Directorate: Covert Action and Internal Operations. Routledge. p. 167. ISBN 978-1-317-19609-9.
- Tambiah, Stanley Jeyaraja (1996), Leveling Crowds: Ethnonationalist conflicts and collective violence in South Asia, University of California Press, ISBN 978-0-520-20642-7, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 24 December 2018
- Talbot, Ian (2000), India and Pakistan: Inventing the Nation, Bloomsbury Academic, ISBN 978-0-340-70633-6, archived from the original on 7 February 2023, retrieved 3 December 2018
- Van Dyke, Virginia (2009), “The Khalistan Movement in Punjab, India, and the Post-Militancy Era: Structural Change and New Political Compulsions”, Asian Survey, 49 (6): 975–997, doi:10.1525/as.2009.49.6.975
- References
- Citations
- ^ Shah, Murtaza Ali (27 January 2022). “Khalistan flag installed on Gandhi Statue in Washington”. Geo News. Archived from the original on 31 July 2022. Retrieved 31 July 2022.
- ^ Kinnvall, Catarina (24 January 2007). “Situating Sikh and Hindu Nationalism in India”. Globalization and Religious Nationalism in India: The Search for Ontological Security. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-13-413570-7. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 14 August 2015.
- ^ Crenshaw, Martha, 1995, Terrorism in Context, Pennsylvania State University, ISBN 978-0-271-01015-1 p. 364
- ^ Canton, Naomi (10 June 2022). “Banned SFJ leader unveils ‘Khalistan map’, with Shimla as ‘capital’, before Pak press in Lahore”. The Times of India. Archived from the original on 10 February 2023. Retrieved 26 March 2023.
- ^ Mehtab Ali Shah, The Foreign Policy of Pakistan 1997, pp. 24–25.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Axel, Brian Keith (2001). The Nation’s Tortured Body: Violence, Representation, and the Formation of a Sikh “Diaspora”. Duke University Press. p. 84. ISBN 978-0-8223-2615-1. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
The call for a Sikh homeland was first made in the 1930s, addressed to the quickly dissolving empire.
- ^ Shani, Giorgio (2007). Sikh Nationalism and Identity in a Global Age. Routledge. p. 51. ISBN 978-1-134-10189-4. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
However, the term Khalistan was first coined by Dr V.S. Bhatti to denote an independent Sikh state in March 1940. Dr Bhatti made the case for a separate Sikh state in a pamphlet entitled ‘Khalistan’ in response to the Muslim League’s Lahore Resolution.
- ^ Bianchini, Stefano; Chaturvedi, Sanjay; Ivekovic, Rada; Samaddar, Ranabir (2004). Partitions: Reshaping States and Minds. Routledge. p. 121. ISBN 978-1-134-27654-7. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
Around the same time, a pamphlet of about forty pages, entitled ‘Khalistan’, and authored by medical doctor, V.S. Bhatti, also appeared.
- ^ Gupta, Shekhar; Subramanian, Nirupaman (15 December 1993). “You can’t get Khalistan through military movement: Jagat Singh Chouhan”. India Today. Archived from the original on 4 February 2021. Retrieved 29 November 2019.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d “New brand of Sikh militancy: Suave, tech-savvy pro-Khalistan youth radicalised on social media”. Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 4 March 2021. Retrieved 27 April 2018.
- ^ Jump up to:a b “India gives Trudeau list of suspected Sikh separatists in Canada”. Reuters. 22 February 2018. Archived from the original on 3 February 2021. Retrieved 22 May 2018.
The Sikh insurgency petered out in the 1990s. He told state leaders his country would not support anyone trying to reignite the movement for an independent Sikh homeland called Khalistan.
- ^ Fair, C. Christine (2005). “Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies: Insights from the Khalistan and Tamil Eelam Movements”. Nationalism and Ethnic Politics. 11: 125–156. doi:10.1080/13537110590927845. ISSN 1353-7113. S2CID 145552863.
- ^ Weisman, Steven R. “A Top Indian General is Assassinated”, Seattle Post-Intelligencer, 11 August 1986.
- ^ “The Vaidya Murder Case: Confirming Death Sentences”, India Abroad. (New York edition). New York, N.Y.: 24 July 1992. Vol.XXII, Issue. 43; pg.20.
- ^ “Punjab on edge over hanging of Beant Singh’s killer Bhai Balwant Singh Rajoana”. India Today. 28 March 2012. Archived from the original on 29 March 2012. Retrieved 28 March 2012.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f g h Van Dyke, The Khalistan Movement (2009), p. 990.
- ^ Ali, Haider (6 June 2018). “Mass protests erupt around Golden Temple complex as pro-Khalistan sikhs mark Blue Star anniversary”. Daily Pakistan. Archived from the original on 6 July 2020. Retrieved 25 June 2018.
- ^ “UK: Pakistani-origin lawmaker leads protests in London to call for Kashmir, Khalistan freedom”. Scroll. 27 January 2018. Archived from the original on 3 February 2021. Retrieved 29 June 2018.
- ^ Bhattacharyya, Anirudh (5 June 2017). “Pro-Khalistan groups plan event in Canada to mark Operation Bluestar anniversary”. Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 4 February 2021. Retrieved 6 July 2018.
- ^ Majumdar, Ushinor. “Sikh Extremists in Canada, The UK And Italy Are Working With ISI Or Independently”. Outlook India. Archived from the original on 20 July 2019. Retrieved 8 June 2018.
Q. Is it clear which “foreign hand” is driving this entire nexus? A. Evidence gathered by the police and other agencies points to the ISI as the key perpetrator of extremism in Punjab. (Amarinder Singh Indian Punjab Chief Minister)
- ^ “Simranjit Singh Mann stokes row, dedicates Sangrur win to Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale: Know about pro-Khalistan leader”, Firstpost, 27 June 2022, archived from the original on 27 June 2022, retrieved 27 June 2022
- ^ “Sangrur Bypoll Results Live: AAP loses Bhagwant Mann’s seat, SAD-A wins by 6,800 votes”, Hindustan Times, 26 June 2022, archived from the original on 26 June 2022, retrieved 26 June 2022
- ^ Wallace, Paul (1986). “The Sikhs as a “Minority” in a Sikh Majority State in India”. Asian Survey. 26 (3): 363–377. doi:10.2307/2644197. ISSN 0004-4687. JSTOR 2644197.
Over 8,000,000 of India’s 10,378,979 Sikhs were concentrated in Punjab
- ^ Jolly, Sikh Revivalist Movements (1988), p. 6.
- ^ Purewal, Navtej K. (2017). Living on the Margins: Social Access to Shelter in Urban South Asia. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-351-74899-5. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
The wrangling between various Sikh groupings were resolved by the nineteenth century when Maharajah Ranjit Singh unified the Punjab from Peshawar t the Sutluj River.
- ^ Panton, Kenneth J. (2015). Historical Dictionary of the British Empire. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 470. ISBN 978-0-8108-7524-1. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
A second conflict, just two years later, led to complete subjugation of the Sikhs and the incorporation of the remainder of their lands
- ^ Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 127.
- ^ Axel, Brian Keith (2001). The Nation’s Tortured Body: Violence, Representation, and the Formation of a Sikh “Diaspora”. Duke University Press. p. 85. ISBN 978-0-8223-2615-1. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
The Akalis viewed the Lahore Resolution and the Cripps Mission as a betrayal of the Sikhs and an attempt to usurp what, since the time of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, was historically a Sikh territory.
- ^ Tan, Tai Yong; Kudaisya, Gyanesh (2005) [First published 2000], The Aftermath of Partition in South Asia, Routledge, p. 100, ISBN 978-0-415-28908-5,
The professed intention of the Muslim League to impose a Muslim state on the Punjab (a Muslim majority province) was anathema to the Sikhs … the Sikhs launched a virulent campaign against the Lahore Resolution … Sikh leaders of all political persuasions made it clear that Pakistan would be ‘wholeheartedly resisted’.
- ^ Axel, Brian Keith (2001). The Nation’s Tortured Body: Violence, Representation, and the Formation of a Sikh “Diaspora”. Duke University Press. p. 84. ISBN 978-0-8223-2615-1. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
Against the nationalist ideology of a united India, which called for all groups to set aside “communal” differences, the Shiromani Akali Dal Party of the 1930s rallied around the proposition of a Sikh panth (community) that was separate from Hindus and Muslims.
- ^ Shani, Giorgio (2007). Sikh Nationalism and Identity in a Global Age. Routledge. p. 52. ISBN 978-1-134-10189-4. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
Khalistan was imagined as a theocratic state, a mirror-image of ‘Muslim’ Pakistan, led by the Maharaja of Patiala with the aid of a cabinet consisting of representing federating units.
- ^ Shah, Mehtab Ali (1997), The Foreign Policy of Pakistan: Ethnic Impacts on Diplomacy 1971–1994, I.B.Tauris, ISBN 978-1-86064-169-5, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 5 October 2020
- ^ Hill, K.; Seltzer, W.; Leaning, J.; Malik, S.J.; Russell, S. S.; Makinson, C. (2003), A Demographic Case Study of Forced Migration: The 1947 Partition of India, Harvard University Asia Center, archived from the original on 6 December 2008
- ^ McLeod, W. H. (1989), The Sikhs: History, Religion, and Society, Columbia University Press, ISBN 978-0-231-06815-4
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 129.
- ^ “Gurudwaras Outside of Punjab State”. Gateway To Sikhism. 30 November 1999. Archived from the original on 2 March 2021. Retrieved 17 October 2020.
- ^ Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 130.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d e Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 128.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 134.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f g h Jetly, Rajshree. 2006. “The Khalistan Movement in India: The Interplay of Politics and State Power.” International Review of Modern Sociology 34(1):61–62. JSTOR 41421658.
- ^ “Hindu-Sikh relations – I”. The Tribune. Chandigarh, India: Tribuneindia.com. 3 November 2003. Archived from the original on 5 June 2011.
- ^ Chawla, Muhammad Iqbal. 2017. The Khalistan Movement of 1984: A Critical Appreciation.
- ^ “The Punjab Reorganisation Act, 1966” (PDF). Government of India. 18 September 1966. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 January 2012.
- ^ Stanley Wolpert (2005). India. University of California Press. p. 216. ISBN 9780520246966. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 11 March 2023.
- ^ Mitra, Subrata K. (2007), The Puzzle of India’s Governance: Culture, Context and Comparative Theory, Advances in South Asian Studies: Routledge, p. 94, ISBN 978-1-134-27493-2, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 6 March 2018
- ^ Singh, Khushwant (2004), “The Anandpur Sahib Resolution and Other Akali Demands”, A History of the Sikhs: Volume 2: 1839–2004, Oxford University Press, doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195673098.001.0001, ISBN 978-0-19-567309-8
- ^ Ray, Jayanta Kumar (2007), Aspects of India’s International Relations, 1700 to 2000: South Asia and the World, Pearson Education India, p. 484, ISBN 978-81-317-0834-7, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 16 August 2019
- ^ Jump up to:a b c Akshayakumar Ramanlal Desai (1991). Expanding Governmental Lawlessness and Organized Struggles. Popular Prakashan. pp. 64–66. ISBN 978-81-7154-529-2.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 135.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d Pandya, Haresh (11 April 2007). “Jagjit Singh Chauhan, Sikh Militant Leader in India, Dies at 80”. The New York Times. Archived from the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 17 February 2017.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Axel, The Nation’s Tortured Body (2011), pp. 101–
- ^ Jump up to:a b Gupta, Shekhar; Subramanian, Nirupaman (15 December 1993). “You can’t get Khalistan through military movement: Jagat Singh Chouhan”. India Today. Archived from the original on 4 February 2021. Retrieved 29 November 2019.
- ^ Thomas, Jo (14 June 1984). “London Sikh Assumes Role of Exile Chief”. The New York Times. Archived from the original on 24 October 2018. Retrieved 24 October 2018.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c Dulat, A. S. (13 December 2020). “Genesis of tumultuous period in Punjab”. The Tribune. Chandigarh, India. Archived from the original on 24 June 2021. Retrieved 13 June 2021.
Bhindranwale never raised the demand for Khalistan or went beyond the Akali Anandpur Sahib Resolution, while he himself was prepared for negotiations to the very end.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Stevens, William K. (19 June 1984). “Punjab Raid: Unanswered Questions”. The News York Times. Archived from the original on 24 June 2021. Retrieved 12 June 2021.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d e Chima, Jugdep S (2008), The Sikh Separatist Insurgency in India: Political Leadership and Ethnonationalist Movements, India: Sage Publications, pp. 71–75, ISBN 978-81-321-0538-1, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 5 October 2020
- ^ Sharma, Sanjay (5 June 2011). “Bhajan Lal lived with ‘anti-Sikh, anti-Punjab’ image”. The Times of India. Archived from the original on 10 June 2011.
- ^ Stepan, Alfred; Linz, Juan J.; Yadav, Yogendra (2011), Crafting State-Nations: India and Other Multinational Democracies (Illustrated ed.), JHU Press, p. 97, ISBN 978-0-8018-9723-8, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 5 October 2020
- ^ Ghosh, Srikanta. 1997. Indian Democracy Derailed – Politics and Politicians. APH Publishing. ISBN 978-81-7024-866-8. p. 95.
- ^ Sisson, Mary. 2011. “Sikh Terrorism.” pp. 544–545 in The Sage Encyclopedia of Terrorism (2nd ed.), edited by G. Martin. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. ISBN 978-1-4129-8016-6. doi:10.4135/9781412980173.n368.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Sharma, Mool Chand, and A.K. Sharma, eds. 2004. “Discrimination Based on Religion Archived 24 October 2020 at the Wayback Machine.” pp. 108–110 in Discrimination Based on Sex, Caste, Religion, and Disability. New Delhi: National Council for Teacher Education. Archived from the original on 2 June 2010. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
- ^ Swami, Praveen (16 January 2014). “RAW chief consulted MI6 in build-up to Operation Bluestar”. The Hindu. Chennai, India. Archived from the original on 18 January 2014. Retrieved 9 August 2018.
- ^ Singh, Khushwant. 2004. A History of the Sikhs, Volume II: 1839–2004. New Delhi: Oxford University Press. p. 337.
- ^ Subramanian, L. N. (12 October 2006). “Operation Bluestar, 05 June 1984”. Bharat Rakshak Monitor. 3 (2). Archived from the original on 30 June 2020. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
- ^ Jump up to:a b “Sikh Leader in Punjab Accord Assassinated”. Los Angeles Times. Times Wire Services. 21 August 1985. Archived from the original on 29 January 2016. Retrieved 9 August 2018.
- ^ Tully, Mark; Jacob, Satish (1985). Amritsar: Mrs Gandhi’s Last Battle (5 ed.). J. Cape. p. 147. ISBN 978-0-22-402328-3. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ Wolpert, Stanley A., ed. (2009). “India”. Encyclopædia Britannica.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Gates, Scott; Roy, Kaushik (4 February 2014). “Insurgency and Counter-Insurgency in Punjab”. Unconventional Warfare in South Asia: Shadow Warriors and Counterinsurgency. Ashgate Publishing. p. 167. ISBN 978-1-40-943706-2. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ Diwanji, Amberish K. (4 June 2004). “There is a limit to how much a country can take”. The Rediff Interview/Lieutenant General Kuldip Singh Brar (retired). Rediff.com. Archived from the original on 3 December 2019. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ Walia, Varinder (20 March 2007). “Army reveals startling facts on Bluestar, says Longowal surrendered”. The Tribune. Amristar. Archived from the original on 4 August 2020. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ Jugdep S Chima (2008). The Sikh Separatist Insurgency in India: Political Leadership and Ethnonationalist Movements. Sage Publishing India. pp. 114–. ISBN 978-9351509530. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 13 March 2023.
- ^ White Paper on the Punjab Agitation. New Delhi: Government of India Press. 1984. p. 40. OL 1839009M. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ Karim, Afsir (1991). Counter Terrorism, the Pakistan Factor. Lancer Publishers. pp. 33–36. ISBN 978-8170621270. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 13 March 2023.
- ^ “Pakistan would have recognised Khalistan”. Rediff.com. 3 June 2004. Archived from the original on 29 January 2009. Retrieved 20 June 2006.
- ^ Andrew, Christopher M.; Mitrokhin, Vasili (2005). The Mitrokhin Archive II: The KGB and the World. Allen Lane. p. 336. ISBN 978-0-7139-9359-2. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 30 September 2022.
- ^ Andrew, Christopher (2008). The World Was Going Our Way: The KGB and the Battle for the Third World. DIANE Publishing Company. ISBN 978-1-4223-9312-3. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 30 September 2022.
- ^ Subramanian Swamy (1992). Building a New India: An Agenda for National Renaissance. UBS Publishers’ Distributors. p. 18. ISBN 978-81-85674-21-6. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 6 September 2022.
The 1984 Operation Bluestar became necessary because of the vast disinformation against Sant Bhindranwale by the KGB, and repeated inside Parliament by the Congress Party of India.
- ^ Guidry, John A., Michael D. Kennedy, and Mayer N. Zald, eds. 2000. Globalizations and Social Movements: Culture, Power, and the Transnational Public Sphere. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 978-0-472-06721-3. p. 319.
- ^ Nanavati, G. T. 9 February 2005. “Report of the Justice Nanavati Commission of Inquiry (1984 Anti-Sikh Riots) Archived 3 February 2021 at the Wayback Machine” 1. New Delhi: Ministry of Home Affairs. Archived from the original 27 November 2014. Retrieved 18 May 2020. Also available via People’s Archive of Rural India Archived 7 May 2020 at the Wayback Machine.
- ^ Jump up to:a b “What about the big fish?”. Tehelka. Anant Media. 25 August 2005. Archived from the original on 13 September 2012.
- ^ Singh, Swadesh Bahadur. 31 May 1996. “Cabinet berth for a Sikh.” Indian Express.
- ^ Kumar, Ram Narayan, et al. 2003. Reduced to Ashes: The Insurgency and Human Rights in Punjab. South Asia Forum for Human Rights. p. 43. Available via Committee for Information and Initiative on Punjab.
- ^ In Depth: Air India Archived 18 March 2005 at the Wayback Machine – The Victims, CBC News Online, 16 March 2005
- ^ “Free. Fair. Fearless”. Tehelka. Archived from the original on 12 September 2012.
- ^ “Jagmeet Singh now rejects glorification of Air India bombing mastermind”. CBC News. 15 March 2018. Archived from the original on 2 October 2020. Retrieved 4 August 2020.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c Gilligan, Andrew (21 April 2008). “Ken’s adviser is linked to terror group”. London Evening Standard. Archived from the original on 12 June 2009. Retrieved 26 May 2009.
- ^ Bolan, Kim (9 February 2008). “Air India bombmaker sent to holding centre”. Ottawa Citizen. Archived from the original on 9 November 2012. Retrieved 31 May 2009.
- ^ “Convicted Air India bomb-builder Inderjit Singh Reyat gets bail”. CBC News. 9 July 2008. Archived from the original on 10 July 2008. Retrieved 10 June 2009.
- ^ “Sikh Temple Sit-In Is a Challenge for Punjab.” The New York Times. 2 February 1986.
- ^ Singh, I. (10 July 2012). “Sarbat Khalsa and Gurmata”. SikhNet. Archived from the original on 12 June 2013. Retrieved 15 March 2013.
- ^ “Sant Nirankari Mission”. nirankari.org. Archived from the original on 13 January 2023. Retrieved 13 January 2023.
- ^ “Gunmen Slaughter 32 on Bus in India in Bloodiest Attack of Sikh Campaign”. The Philadelphia Inquirer, 7 July 1987. Page A03.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d Gargan, Edward (10 October 1991). “Envoy of Romania Abducted in India”. The New York Times. Archived from the original on 23 October 2018. Retrieved 17 February 2017.
- ^ Gurharpal Singh, Ethnic Conflict in India (2000), Chapters 8 & 9.
- ^ Gurharpal Singh, Ethnic Conflict in India (2000), Chapter 10.
- ^ “Amnesty International report on Punjab”. Amnesty International. 20 January 2003. Archived from the original on 3 December 2006.
- ^ “The Tribune, Chandigarh, India – Punjab”. Tribuneindia.com. Archived from the original on 5 June 2011. Retrieved 27 September 2015.
- ^ “SAD (A) to contest the coming SGPC elections on Khalistan issue: Mann”. PunjabNewsline.com. 14 January 2010. Archived from the original on 15 July 2011.
- ^ “Balwinder Singh Sandu”. Gallantry Awards. Archived from the original on 31 October 2020. Retrieved 29 October 2020.
- ^ “Gunmen Wound India Ambassador”. Los Angeles Times. 21 August 1991. Archived from the original on 10 October 2012. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ “World Notes India”. Time. 21 October 1991. Archived from the original on 30 September 2007. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ “Secret Injustice: The Harpal Singh Case | Part 1: Flashback”. The Sikh Sentinel. 17 September 2003. Archived from the original on 8 March 2012.
- ^ Talbot, India and Pakistan (2000), p. 272.
- ^ Simmons, Mary Kate (1998). Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization: yearbook. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. p. 187. ISBN 978-90-411-0223-2. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 3 August 2018.
- ^ “Issue Paper INDIA: Sikhs in Punjab 1994–95”. Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada. February 1996. Retrieved 31 May 2009.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d “U.S. Court Convicts Khalid Awan for Supporting Khalistan Commando Force”. The United States Attorney’s Office. 20 December 2006. Archived from the original on 15 January 2012. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ Mahmood, Cynthia. 5 May 1997. “Fax to Ted Albers.” Orono, Maine: Resource Information Center.
- ^ Documentation, Information and Research Branch. 17 February 1997. “India: Information from four specialists on the Punjab, Response to Information Request #IND26376.EX.” Ottawa: Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada.
- ^ “Protecting the Killers: A Policy of Impunity in Punjab, India: I. Summary”. Human Rights Watch. 9 October 2006. Archived from the original on 12 October 2008. Retrieved 11 January 2010.
- ^ Special Broadcasting Service:: Dateline – presented by George Negus Archived 28 August 2008 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ “The Hindu: Opinion / News Analysis: Is justice possible without looking for the truth?”. The Hindu. 9 September 2005. Archived from the original on 22 May 2008.
- ^ “India: A vital opportunity to end impunity in Punjab”. Amnesty International USA. Archived from the original on 25 June 2009.
- ^ “ASW”. Human Rights Watch. 1992. Archived from the original on 12 October 2012. Retrieved 11 January 2010.
- ^ “India: Time to Deliver Justice for Atrocities in Punjab”. Human Rights Watch. 18 October 2007. Archived from the original on 13 January 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ “Document – India: Break the cycle of impunity and torture in Punjab | Amnesty International”. Amnesty International. 2003. Archived from the original on 12 June 2011. Retrieved 11 January 2010.
- ^ Sehgal, Manjeet (23 September 2019). “Punjab: Four Khalistan Zindabad Force terrorists arrested in Taran Taran”. India Today. Archived from the original on 15 December 2019. Retrieved 27 December 2019.
- ^ Service, Tribune News. “NIA demands custody of 4 in Tarn Taran blast case”. Tribuneindia News Service. Archived from the original on 27 December 2019. Retrieved 27 December 2019.
- ^ Punj, Balbair (16 June 2005). “The Ghost of Khalistan”. The Sikh Times. Archived from the original on 4 December 2018. Retrieved 23 January 2007.
- ^ “Terror attacks in Punjab being planned by pro-Khalistan outfits with Pak’s support: Intelligence sources”. DNA India. 26 December 2019. Archived from the original on 27 December 2019. Retrieved 27 December 2019.
- ^ Nanjappa, Vicky (26 December 2019). “High alert declared after IB picks up intercepts on possible terror attack in Punjab”. Oneindia. Archived from the original on 27 December 2019. Retrieved 27 December 2019.
- ^ “Official Resolutions From Sarbat Khalsa 2015”. Sikh24.com. 11 November 2015. Archived from the original on 12 November 2015. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
- ^ “Khalistan slogans raised as Mann comes to meet Khalsa”. The Indian Express. 25 July 2015. Archived from the original on 27 August 2015. Retrieved 14 August 2015.
- ^ “Probable Resurgence of the Khalistan Movement: Role of the Sikh Diaspora – Science, Technology and Security forum”. stsfor.org. Archived from the original on 16 October 2015. Retrieved 2 April 2023.
- ^ “Responses to Information Requests”. irb-cisr.gc.ca. 5 June 2018. Archived from the original on 14 August 2019. Retrieved 14 August 2019.
- ^ “Pro-Khalistan slogans raised on Bluestar anniversary in Punjab”. Deccan Herald. 6 June 2015. Archived from the original on 25 July 2015. Retrieved 14 August 2015.
- ^ “Pro-Khalistan slogans raised during Punjab CM Parkash Singh Badal’s function”. The Indian Express. 26 July 2015. Archived from the original on 29 August 2015. Retrieved 14 August 2015.
- ^ Kumar, Ram Narayan (1997), The Sikh unrest and the Indian state: politics, personalities, and historical retrospective, Ajanta, ISBN 978-81-202-0453-9 quoted in Rediff On the Net Archived 15 August 2018 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Pettigrew, The Sikhs of the Punjab (1995), pp. 188–197.
- ^ Van Dyke, The Khalistan Movement (2009), p. 992.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Van Dyke, The Khalistan Movement (2009), p. 991.
- ^ Jump up to:a b “No chance of another Khalistan movement in Punjab: Defence experts”. Hindustan Times. ANI. 19 March 2016. Archived from the original on 6 May 2018. Retrieved 5 May 2018.
- ^ Dhillon, Simrat (December 2007). “The Sikh Diaspora and the Quest for Khalistan: A Search for Statehood or for Self-preservation?” (PDF). Institute of Peace and Conflict Studies. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 August 2019. Retrieved 26 May 2009.
- ^ Anand, Nisha. “Australian police releases pics of 6 men involved in Khalistan referendum brawl”. Hindustan Times.
- ^ “Brawl breaks out over Khalistan referendum in Australia; India raises concerns with authorities”. The Indian Express. 30 January 2023. Retrieved 13 October 2024.
- ^ “‘Appalled’: Australian envoy on attack by Khalistan elements on pro-India groups”. Hindustan Times.
- ^ “Police investigating attack on Brampton radio host after remarks on Punjabi actor”. The Globe and Mail. 24 February 2022. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
He told police he was approached near his Brampton studio Wednesday afternoon by three men who were shouting support for Mr. Sidhu, who was also a Sikh activist. “One of them pulled a gun on me, and the other hit me on the head with a beer bottle,” he told The Globe and Mail.
- ^ “‘Bhindranwale 2.0’: Radical Khalistan Sympathiser Amritpal Singh Active in Punjab”. NDTV News. Archived from the original on 24 February 2023. Retrieved 24 February 2023.
Often escorted by armed supporters and donning a flowing white ‘chola’ and a navy-blue turban, radical preacher and Khalistan sympathiser Amritpal Singh has been very active for some time in Punjab.
- ^ Sethi, Chitleen K. (23 February 2023). “Radical activist Amritpal storms Ajnala police station with supporters, secures aide’s release”. ThePrint. Archived from the original on 24 February 2023. Retrieved 24 February 2023.
- ^ “Radical preacher Amritpal Singh issue: Habeas corpus petition moved in HC seeking his ‘release'”. The Financial Express. Archived from the original on 19 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
- ^ [137][138][139]
- ^ “Deep Sidhu disliked Amritpal Singh, blocked his phone”. Tribune India. Archived from the original on 10 February 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ Matharu, Sonal (25 October 2022). “Fiery orator, ‘Bhindranwale 2.0’ – who’s Amritpal Singh, new ‘head’ of Deep Sidhu’s Waris Punjab De”. ThePrint. Archived from the original on 16 November 2022. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “The rise and fall of Amritpal Singh”. Tribune India. Archived from the original on 20 March 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “Unaware how Amritpal Singh declared himself head of ‘Waris Punjab De’, says Deep Sidhu’s kin”. Financialexpress. 24 February 2023. Archived from the original on 19 March 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “Amritpal Singh: Amrit Sanchar to focus on ‘de-addiction’ of youth”. Tribune India. Archived from the original on 16 November 2022. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “‘Khalistan shouldn’t be seen as…’: Amritpal Singh as Toofan to be freed today”. Hindustan Times. 24 February 2023. Archived from the original on 24 February 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “Amritpal Singh | A radical preacher”. The Hindu. 25 February 2023. ISSN 0971-751X. Archived from the original on 31 March 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ Mogul, Rhea (22 March 2023). “Khalistan: The outlawed Sikh separatist movement that has Indian authorities on edge”. CNN. Archived from the original on 23 March 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “‘Waris Punjab De’ chief Amritpal Singh arrested from Punjab’s Moga under NSA; shifted to Assam’s Dibrugarh jail”. The Hindu. 23 April 2023. ISSN 0971-751X. Archived from the original on 23 April 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “Watch: Sikhs attack Indian consulate in San Francisco, raise Khalistani flag to protest against crackdown on Amritpal Singh”. Free Press Journal. 20 March 2023. Archived from the original on 21 March 2023. Retrieved 21 March 2023.
- ^ Simon Little; Julie Nolin. “Journalist allegedly assaulted as Punjab tensions spill over into B.C.” Global News. Archived from the original on 21 March 2023. Retrieved 21 March 2023.
- ^ “Indian High Commission: Diplomat summoned after London protest”. BBC News. 20 March 2023. Archived from the original on 25 June 2023. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
- ^ “Amritpal Singh’s brother-in-law key accused in attack on Indian high commission in Canada”. Hindustan Times. 24 June 2023. Archived from the original on 5 July 2023. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
- ^ “Pro-Khalistan protesters tried to set on fire India’s consulate in San Francisco”. The Tribune India. Archived from the original on 25 June 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “Senior Indian journalist attacked by pro-Khalistanis outside Indian Embassy in Washington”. Deccan Herald. 26 March 2023. Archived from the original on 25 June 2023. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
- ^ “Journalist allegedly assaulted as Punjab tensions spill over into B.C.” Global News. Archived from the original on 21 March 2023. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
- ^ “Journalist allegedly assaulted as Punjab tensions spill over into B.C.” Global News. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
- ^ “‘Mr Taranjit Singh Sandhu…’: Khalistan supporter threatens Indian envoy to US | Watch”. Hindustan Times. 26 March 2023. Archived from the original on 27 June 2023. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
- ^ Anirudh Bhattacharyya (27 April 2018). “Canadian police frees Khalistani ‘separatist’ Hardeep Nijjar after 24 hours in custody”. Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 21 September 2023. Retrieved 19 September 2023.
- ^ “2nd attack since March: Indian consulate set on fire in San Francisco; US condemns violence”. The Times of India. 4 July 2023. ISSN 0971-8257. Archived from the original on 4 July 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ Jump up to:a b “US condemns vandalism, attempted arson against Indian Consulate in San Francisco”. Tribune India. Archived from the original on 4 July 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “US condemns vandalism at Indian consulate in San Francisco”. Reuters. 4 July 2023. Archived from the original on 4 July 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “‘Heated’ demonstration at Indian consulate in Toronto sees one arrested”. The Globe and Mail. 9 July 2023. Archived from the original on 14 July 2023. Retrieved 14 July 2023.
Some online posters ahead of the event said “Kill India” and suggested, without evidence, that Indian diplomats played a role in Mr. Nijjar’s death.
- ^ “A year after Hardeep Singh Nijjar’s death, mysteries remain about how he really lived”. The Globe and Mail. 22 June 2024. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
- ^ “Pro-Khalistani Group in Toronto Glorifies Beant Singh’s Killer, Indian Authorities to Raise Issue With Canada | EXCLUSIVE”. News18. 2 September 2024. Retrieved 13 October 2024.
- ^ “Canada: Pro-Khalistan rallies feature floats celebrating 1995 Beant Singh bombing”. Business Today. 1 September 2024. Retrieved 13 October 2024.
- ^ “‘I will not be silenced’: Calgary radio host attack caught on CCTV”. Global News. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
- ^ “Calgary radio host speaks out after being attacked outside banquet hall”. Global News. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
- ^ “Indo-Canadian mediaperson, attacked by two persons, blames ‘pro-Khalistan’ elements”. Hindustan Times.
- ^ “Calgary police investigating weekend assault of radio host”. CTV News Calgary. 1 October 2024. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
- ^ “Radio journalist says he was assaulted in attack over news coverage”. Calgary Herald.
City police are seeking two suspects in an assault on a well-known radio journalist in Calgary’s northeast that apparently targeted his reporting on crime issues within the Sikh community.
- ^ “Calgary police probe assault of RED FM news director”. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation.
Staff Sgt. John Guigon said Nagar was struck in the head but was not seriously hurt, and that the incident was captured on video. “It was not a pleasant situation,” he said.”[It is] particularly troubling to us when a member of the media gets attacked in a democracy…. We’re throwing resources at it.”
- ^ [167][168][169][170][171][172]
- ^ Sharma, Abhinav (3 October 2024). “Canadian radio journalist Rishi Nagar attacked by Khalistani groups in Canada”. Diya TV. Retrieved 4 October 2024.
A group of men supportive of the Khalistan separatist movement violently assaulted Canada-based RED FM News Director Rishi Nagar allegedly for refusing to align with their agenda.
- ^ Moharib, Nadia (30 September 2024). “Man threatened outside NE temple, two arrested: Calgary police”. CityNews Calgary. Retrieved 11 October 2024.
- ^ Bradley, Jonathan (1 October 2024). “RED FM Calgary host says attack will not stop his journalism”. Western Standard. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
- ^ Bradley, Jonathan (2 October 2024). “UPDATED: Poilievre, Smith say they are disturbed by attack on RED FM Calgary host”. Western Standard. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
- ^ “Journalists reporting against Khalistan groups under attack in Canada, says Indian-origin MP”. The Tribune. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
- ^ O’Brien, Raju Mudhar, Abby (9 November 2024). “‘This is not a Hindu and Sikh battle’: The complex history behind protests that erupted at Brampton temples this week over Indian consular visits”. Toronto Star. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
In another video, individuals holding pro-Khalistan flagpoles can be seen running onto the property, striking those inside the perimeter with them. A chaotic scene ensues.
- ^ Aguilar, Bryann (3 November 2024). “Police increase their presence at Hindu temple in Brampton after protest”. CP24. Retrieved 3 November 2024.
- ^ ICI.Radio-Canada.ca, Zone Justice et faits divers- (4 November 2024). “3 arrested and charged after protest at Brampton Hindu temple, police say”. Radio-Canada.ca (in Canadian French). Retrieved 4 November 2024.
- ^ O’Brien, Raju Mudhar, Abby (9 November 2024). “‘This is not a Hindu and Sikh battle’: The complex history behind protests that erupted at Brampton temples this week over Indian consular visits”. Toronto Star. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
The clash saw three people arrested and an off-duty police officer who participated in the protest, Sergeant Harinder Sohi, suspended.
- ^ “Peel cop suspended after participating in protest outside Hindu temple”. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation.
- ^ “Who Is The Suspended Cop Harinder Sohi And What Happened At The Pro-Khalistan Protest?”. TheDailyGuardian. Retrieved 4 November 2024.
- ^ O’Brien, Raju Mudhar, Abby (9 November 2024). “‘This is not a Hindu and Sikh battle’: The complex history behind protests that erupted at Brampton temples this week over Indian consular visits”. Toronto Star. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
The video then appears to show one of the officers breaking away from his colleagues, running onto temple property, and repeatedly striking an individual. When reached for comment, Peel police said it was aware of the video and was looking into it.
- ^ “Video: Canadian cop punches Hindu man protesting against pro-Khalistan mob attack”. India Today. 4 November 2024. Retrieved 4 November 2024.
- ^ “Fears of more clashes between Sikhs and Hindus in Brampton, Ont., as Canada-India rift spills over into suburbs”. The Globe and Mail. 8 November 2024. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
The Khalistani protesters claimed the event at the Hindu temple Sunday – where Indian consular staff were helping Indian immigrants apply for government pensions – was part of surveillance efforts to keep tabs on pro-Khalistan Sikhs.
- ^ O’Brien, Raju Mudhar, Abby (9 November 2024). “‘This is not a Hindu and Sikh battle’: The complex history behind protests that erupted at Brampton temples this week over Indian consular visits”. Toronto Star. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
It was the presence of Indian Consular officials, who have been visiting communities to help older people in the diaspora who may be entitled to pensions, that prompted SFJ to plan Sunday’s demonstration.
- ^ “Violent clashes erupt outside consular camp at Hindu temple in Canada’s Brampton”. The Hindu. 4 November 2024. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
Most beneficiaries of the consular service organised by the Indian High Commission in Brampton were Sikh members of the Indian diaspora.
- ^ “Fears of more clashes between Sikhs and Hindus in Brampton, Ont., as Canada-India rift spills over into suburbs”. The Globe and Mail. 8 November 2024. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
- ^ O’Brien, Raju Mudhar, Abby (9 November 2024). “‘This is not a Hindu and Sikh battle’: The complex history behind protests that erupted at Brampton temples this week over Indian consular visits”. Toronto Star. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
- ^ Lavoie, Joanna (9 November 2024). “Another person charged following violent demonstrations in Peel Region”. CP24. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
- ^ “Clashes erupted outside a Hindu temple near Toronto. They’re the latest sign of Canada and India’s spiraling relations”. CNN.
- ^ Jump up to:a b “Not one of its leaders elected since 1999, SAD (Amritsar) still contests polls demanding Khalistan”. The Indian Express. 22 January 2022. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
Headed by former MP Simranjit Singh Mann, a retired IPS officer, SAD (Amritsar) is the only party which still contests the elections in Punjab with demand for a separate Khalistan.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Takkar, Jatin (4 June 2024). “Pro-Khalistan separatists Amritpal and Sarabjeet lead over rivals”. The Economic Times. ISSN 0013-0389. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
- ^ Sethi, Chitleen K. (5 June 2024). “Amritpal, Sarabjeet Singh Khalsa — Sikh radicals’ poll victories pose challenge for Mann govt”. ThePrint. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
Amritpal Singh won from Khadoor Sahib by biggest margin this election in Punjab & Beant Singh’s son Khalsa won in Faridkot. But, Simranjit Singh Mann lost his Sangrur seat.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c “General Election to Parliamentary Constituencies: Trends & Results June-2024”. Election Commission of India.
- ^ “Father didn’t care and laid down his life, Sikh community pulled family through troubled times: Sarabjit Singh Khalsa”. The Economic Times. 6 June 2024. ISSN 0013-0389. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
Six-year-old Sarabjit when his father Beant Singh, a Delhi police SI who was part of the PM’s security detail, along with another of her bodyguards, Satwant Singh, assassinated Indira Gandhi in October 1984.
- ^ Pettigrew, The Sikhs of the Punjab (1995), p. 24.
- ^ Aggarwal, J. C.; Agrawal, S. P. (1992), Modern History of Punjab, Concept Publishing Company, p. 117, ISBN 978-81-7022-431-0
- ^ Jump up to:a b Puri, Harish K., Paramjit Singh Judge, and Jagrup Singh Sekhon. 1999. Terrorism in Punjab: Understanding Grassroots Reality. New Delhi: Har-Anand Publications. pp. 68–71.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 133.
- ^ Jump up to:a b “Council Common Position 2005/427/CFSP of 6 June 2005 updating Common Position 2001/931/CFSP on the application of specific measures to combat terrorism and repealing Common Position 2005/220/CFSP” (PDF). European Union. 6 June 2005. p. 5. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 June 2013. Retrieved 31 May 2009.
- ^ “Currently listed entities (terrorist organizations-ed)”. Public Safety Canada. Archived from the original on 26 June 2009. Retrieved 31 May 2009.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f Milewski, Terry (28 June 2007). “Sikh politics in Canada. Symbols and suits. Sikh extremism enters mainstream Canadian politics”. CBC. Archived from the original on 1 June 2009. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ Jump up to:a b “Proscribed terrorist groups”. UK Office for Security and Counter Terrorism. Archived from the original on 15 June 2009. Retrieved 24 May 2009.
- ^ “Terrorist Exclusion List”. U. S. Bureau of Counterterrorism and Countering Violent Extremism. 29 December 2004. Archived from the original on 13 May 2009. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ “Appendix F: Countering Terrorism on the Economic Front” (PDF). US Department of State. p. 2. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 November 2020. Retrieved 31 May 2009.
- ^ Mahmood (1996), p. 328
- ^ Martha Crenshaw, ed. (1995), Terrorism in Context, Pennsylvania State University Press, p. 656, ISBN 978-0-271-01015-1, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 29 August 2020
- ^ Atkins, Stephen E. (2004), Encyclopedia of modern worldwide extremists and extremist groups (illustrated ed.), Greenwood Publishing Group, p. 404, ISBN 978-0-313-32485-7, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 26 June 2009
- ^ “Foreign Terrorist Organizations”. U. S. Department of State. 8 April 2008. Archived from the original on 13 May 2009.
- ^ “Law Enforcement Cases: International Narcotics Control Strategy Report: Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs”. US Department of State. March 2008. Archived from the original on 16 August 2019. Retrieved 8 June 2009.
- ^ Office of the Coordinator for Counterterrorism (April 1996). “1995 Patterns of Global Terrorism”. Federation of American Scientists. Archived from the original on 22 January 2009. Retrieved 30 May 2009.
- ^ Pratap, Anita (22 May 1996). “Bus explosion in India kills at least 14: It’s the second bombing in two days”. New Delhi: CNN. Archived from the original on 8 November 2012. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ “CNN – Fatal bomb meant to disrupt – April 21, 1996”. cnn.com. Archived from the original on 8 November 2012. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ “KZF behind Jalandhar blasts”. The Indian Express. 19 June 2006. Archived from the original on 5 June 2009. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ “Patterns of Global Terrorism: 1997 – appendix B”. U. S. Department of State. 1997. Archived from the original on 23 November 2010. Retrieved 25 May 2009.
- ^ Nayar, Kuldip (22 February 1999). “It is fundamentalism again”. Rediff.com. Archived from the original on 5 January 2012. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ Juergensmeyer, Mark (14 October 2004). “From Bhindranwale to Bin Laden: Understanding Religious Violence” (PDF). Self. p. 30. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 July 2011. Retrieved 26 May 2009.
- ^ Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 136.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 132.
- ^ Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 137.
- ^ Downing, John D. H. (2011). Encyclopedia of Social Movement Media. Sage. p. 290. ISBN 978-0-7619-2688-7. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 25 October 2018.
- ^ Simmons, Mary Kate (1998). Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization: yearbook. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. p. 187. ISBN 978-90-411-0223-2. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 5 October 2020.
- ^ Anderson, Edward T. G. (1 January 2024). Hindu Nationalism in the Indian Diaspora: Transnational Politics and British Multiculturalism. Oxford University Press. p. 333. ISBN 978-0-19-778328-3.
- ^ Behera, Demystifying Kashmir (2007), pp. 87–88.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Haqqani, Pakistan Between the Mosque and Military (2010), pp. 270–271.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Sirrs, Pakistan’s Inter-Services Intelligence Directorate (2016), p. 167.
- ^ Haqqani, Pakistan Between the Mosque and Military (2010), p. 272.
- ^ “Canadian gets 14 years for funding terrorists”. The Globe and Mail. 13 September 2007. Archived from the original on 24 September 2021. Retrieved 5 October 2018.
- ^ Nanjappa, Vicky (10 June 2008). “200 Pak organisations raise funds for terror: IB”. Rediff.com. Archived from the original on 22 July 2021. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Markham, James M. (16 June 1984). “India Talks of C.I.A. Role in Unrest”. The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 28 November 2019. Retrieved 28 November 2019.
- ^ “CIA, ISI encouraged Sikh terrorism”. The Times of India. Press Trust of India. 26 July 2007. Archived from the original on 1 April 2020. Retrieved 28 November 2019.
- ^ “US, Pak ISI had a hand in Punjab militancy: Book”. Hindustan Times. 26 July 2007. Archived from the original on 6 February 2021. Retrieved 1 December 2019.
- ^ Nakashima, Ellen; Shih, Gerry; Amanda, Coletta (29 November 2023). “U.S. prosecutors allege assassination plot of Sikh separatist directed by Indian government employee”. The Washington Post. Retrieved 29 November 2023.
- ^ “Sikh extremism spread fast in Canada”. expressindia.com. 23 May 2007. Archived from the original on 14 October 2012. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ “Sikh extremism in Canada mushroomed very quickly”. rediff.com. 23 May 2007. Archived from the original on 28 March 2012. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ Brown, Jim (22 November 2007). “The reign of terror is still there”. Toronto Star. Archived from the original on 12 October 2012. Retrieved 2 September 2017.
- ^ Kay, Jonathan (17 November 2008). “A true Sikh martyr: Jonathan Kay on the 10th anniversary of the assassination of Tara Singh Hayer”. The National Post. Retrieved 7 June 2009.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Bolan, Kim (2006). Loss of Faith: How the Air-India Bombers Got Away With Murder (Paperback ed.). McClelland & Stewart. p. 388 (Chapters 6 and 7). ISBN 978-0-7710-1131-3.
- ^ “Testimony: Babbar Khalsa Ordered Tara Singh Hayer Slaying”. CanWest News Service. 14 December 2003. Archived from the original on 28 September 2011. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ Summers, Chris (2 June 2000). “Call for end to Sikh murder mystery”. BBC News. Archived from the original on 12 November 2013. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ Summers, Chris (17 March 2005). “Call for police to solve Sikh murder”. BBC News. Archived from the original on 7 May 2010. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ “Netfirms | This site is temporarily unavailable”. Worldsikh.ca. Archived from the original on 1 January 2012. Retrieved 27 September 2015.
- ^ Grewal, San (11 July 2007). “Sikh organization sues CBC”. Toronto Star. Archived from the original on 27 January 2020. Retrieved 27 January 2020.
- ^ “Canadian journalist hits out at Sikh extremism”. The Times of India. 1 July 2007.[dead link]
- ^ Morley, Robert. “Sikh Terrorism Enters Politics in Canada”. The Trumpet. Archived from the original on 2 June 2011. Retrieved 25 May 2009.
- ^ Thorne, Barry (6 March 2008). “India PM warns against renewed Sikh extremism”. Radio Netherlands Worldwide. Archived from the original on 10 March 2008.
- ^ Bolan, Kim (11 March 2008). “Sikh separatist threat on rise in Canada: Indian PM warns of resurgent threat in Canada”. Vancouver Sun. Archived from the original on 12 November 2013.
- ^ “Amarinder Singh meets Justin Trudeau and Canada’s ‘Khalistani sympathiser’ minister”. The Times of India. 21 February 2018. Archived from the original on 11 October 2018. Retrieved 8 June 2018.
- ^ Singh, Surjit; Sharma, Anil (21 February 2018). “Khalistan figures in Trudeau-Amarinder talks, Punjab CM hands over list of 9 Canada-based radicals”. Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 8 June 2018.
- ^ Connolly, Amanda. “Jagmeet Singh defends speaking at Sikh separatist rally in 2015”. Global News. Archived from the original on 23 May 2018. Retrieved 22 May 2018.
- ^ “Khalistan no issue either in Canada or Punjab, says Sukhbir Badal”. Hindustan Times. 23 February 2018. Archived from the original on 11 March 2018. Retrieved 11 March 2018.
- ^ Milewski, Terry (September 2020). “Khalistan: A project of Pakistan” (PDF). Macdonald-Laurier Institute. Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 December 2020. Retrieved 4 February 2021.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c Pathi, Krutika (19 September 2023). “India expels Canadian diplomat, escalating tensions after Trudeau accuses India in Sikh’s killing”. AP News. Archived from the original on 19 September 2023. Retrieved 19 September 2023.
- ^ Staff, Star (14 October 2024). “Canada and India each expel six diplomats amid murder investigation of Sikh activist in B.C.” Toronto Star. Retrieved 27 November 2024.
- ^ “Trudeau accuses India in killing of Sikh leader on Canadian soil”. The Globe and Mail. 18 September 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2024.
- ^ “Sikh separatists ‘funded from UK'”. BBC News. 4 March 2008. Archived from the original on 26 March 2012. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ Bassey, Amardeep (26 February 2008). “TRANSCRIPT OF “FILE ON 4″- ‘SIKH GROUPS'” (PDF). BBC News. p. 20. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 February 2022. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ “Foreign Terrorist Organizations”. U. S. Department of State. 8 April 2008. Archived from the original on 13 May 2009.
- ^ “Terrorism: What You Need To Know About U.S. Sanctions”. U.S. Department of Treasury. Archived from the original on 20 October 2011. Retrieved 24 May 2009.
- ^ Gilligan, Andrew (21 April 2008). “Sikh civil servant who backs ‘martyr’ is now on TfL board” (PDF). Evening Standard. London. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 June 2009.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Bolan, Kim (18 February 2008). “Sikh leader solicits support”. Vancouver Sun. Archived from the original on 3 June 2009.
- ^ “Sikh separatists ‘funded from UK'”. BBC. 4 March 2008. Archived from the original on 14 December 2021. Retrieved 24 April 2008.
- Bibliography
- Axel, Brian Keith (2001), The nation’s Tortured Body: Violence, representation, and the formation of a Sikh “Diaspora”, Duke University Press, ISBN 978-0-8223-2615-1
- Behera, Navnita Chadha (2007), Demystifying Kashmir, Pearson Education India, ISBN 978-8131708460
- Deol, Harnik (2000), Religion and Nationalism in India: The case of the Punjab, Routledge, ISBN 978-0-415-20108-7
- Fair, C. Christine (2005), “Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies: Insights from the Khalistan and Tamil Eelam Movements”, Nationalism and Ethnic Politics, 11: 125–156, doi:10.1080/13537110590927845, S2CID 145552863
- Ghosh, Srikanta (1997), Indian Democracy Derailed – Politics and Politicians, APH Publishing, ISBN 978-81-7024-866-8, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 16 August 2019
- Haqqani, Husain (2010), Pakistan: Between Mosque and Military, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, ISBN 978-0-87003-285-1
- Jodhka, Surinder S. (21 April 2001), “Looking Back at the Khalistan Movement: Some Recent Researches on Its Rise and Decline”, Economic and Political Weekly, 36 (16): 1311–1318
- Jolly, Surjit (1988), Sikh Revivalist Movements, Gitanjali Publishing House, ISBN 978-81-85060-23-1, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 24 December 2018
- Mahmood, Cynthia Keppley (1996), Fighting for Faith and Nation, Series in Contemporary Ethnography, University of Pennsylvania Press, ISBN 978-0-8122-1592-2, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 29 August 2020
- Nayar, Kuldip; Singh, Kushwant (1985), Tragedy of Punjab, Vision Books, ISBN 1-85127-069-8, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 24 December 2018
- Pettigrew, Joyce (1995), The Sikhs of the Punjab: Unheard Voices of State and Guerrilla Violence, Zed Books, ISBN 978-1-85649-355-0
- Shah, Mehtab Ali (1997), The Foreign Policy of Pakistan: Ethnic Impacts on Diplomacy 1971–1994, I.B.Tauris, ISBN 978-1-86064-169-5
- Shani, Giorgio (2005), “Beyond Khalistan? Sikh diasporic identity and critical international theory1”, Sikh Formations, 1 (1): 57–74, doi:10.1080/17448720500132565, S2CID 145300683
- Shani, Giorgio (2008), Sikh Nationalism and Identity in a Global Age, Routledge, ISBN 978-0-415-42190-4, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 24 December 2018
- Singh, Gurharpal (2000), Ethnic Conflict in India: A Case-Study of Punjab, Palgrave Macmillan UK, ISBN 978-0-333-98177-1, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 3 December 2018
- Sirrs, Owen L. (2016). Pakistan’s Inter-Services Intelligence Directorate: Covert Action and Internal Operations. Routledge. p. 167. ISBN 978-1-317-19609-9.
- Tambiah, Stanley Jeyaraja (1996), Leveling Crowds: Ethnonationalist conflicts and collective violence in South Asia, University of California Press, ISBN 978-0-520-20642-7, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 24 December 2018
- Talbot, Ian (2000), India and Pakistan: Inventing the Nation, Bloomsbury Academic, ISBN 978-0-340-70633-6, archived from the original on 7 February 2023, retrieved 3 December 2018
- Van Dyke, Virginia (2009), “The Khalistan Movement in Punjab, India, and the Post-Militancy Era: Structural Change and New Political Compulsions”, Asian Survey, 49 (6): 975–997, doi:10.1525/as.2009.49.6.975
- References
- Citations
- ^ Shah, Murtaza Ali (27 January 2022). “Khalistan flag installed on Gandhi Statue in Washington”. Geo News. Archived from the original on 31 July 2022. Retrieved 31 July 2022.
- ^ Kinnvall, Catarina (24 January 2007). “Situating Sikh and Hindu Nationalism in India”. Globalization and Religious Nationalism in India: The Search for Ontological Security. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-13-413570-7. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 14 August 2015.
- ^ Crenshaw, Martha, 1995, Terrorism in Context, Pennsylvania State University, ISBN 978-0-271-01015-1 p. 364
- ^ Canton, Naomi (10 June 2022). “Banned SFJ leader unveils ‘Khalistan map’, with Shimla as ‘capital’, before Pak press in Lahore”. The Times of India. Archived from the original on 10 February 2023. Retrieved 26 March 2023.
- ^ Mehtab Ali Shah, The Foreign Policy of Pakistan 1997, pp. 24–25.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Axel, Brian Keith (2001). The Nation’s Tortured Body: Violence, Representation, and the Formation of a Sikh “Diaspora”. Duke University Press. p. 84. ISBN 978-0-8223-2615-1. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
The call for a Sikh homeland was first made in the 1930s, addressed to the quickly dissolving empire.
- ^ Shani, Giorgio (2007). Sikh Nationalism and Identity in a Global Age. Routledge. p. 51. ISBN 978-1-134-10189-4. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
However, the term Khalistan was first coined by Dr V.S. Bhatti to denote an independent Sikh state in March 1940. Dr Bhatti made the case for a separate Sikh state in a pamphlet entitled ‘Khalistan’ in response to the Muslim League’s Lahore Resolution.
- ^ Bianchini, Stefano; Chaturvedi, Sanjay; Ivekovic, Rada; Samaddar, Ranabir (2004). Partitions: Reshaping States and Minds. Routledge. p. 121. ISBN 978-1-134-27654-7. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
Around the same time, a pamphlet of about forty pages, entitled ‘Khalistan’, and authored by medical doctor, V.S. Bhatti, also appeared.
- ^ Gupta, Shekhar; Subramanian, Nirupaman (15 December 1993). “You can’t get Khalistan through military movement: Jagat Singh Chouhan”. India Today. Archived from the original on 4 February 2021. Retrieved 29 November 2019.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d “New brand of Sikh militancy: Suave, tech-savvy pro-Khalistan youth radicalised on social media”. Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 4 March 2021. Retrieved 27 April 2018.
- ^ Jump up to:a b “India gives Trudeau list of suspected Sikh separatists in Canada”. Reuters. 22 February 2018. Archived from the original on 3 February 2021. Retrieved 22 May 2018.
The Sikh insurgency petered out in the 1990s. He told state leaders his country would not support anyone trying to reignite the movement for an independent Sikh homeland called Khalistan.
- ^ Fair, C. Christine (2005). “Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies: Insights from the Khalistan and Tamil Eelam Movements”. Nationalism and Ethnic Politics. 11: 125–156. doi:10.1080/13537110590927845. ISSN 1353-7113. S2CID 145552863.
- ^ Weisman, Steven R. “A Top Indian General is Assassinated”, Seattle Post-Intelligencer, 11 August 1986.
- ^ “The Vaidya Murder Case: Confirming Death Sentences”, India Abroad. (New York edition). New York, N.Y.: 24 July 1992. Vol.XXII, Issue. 43; pg.20.
- ^ “Punjab on edge over hanging of Beant Singh’s killer Bhai Balwant Singh Rajoana”. India Today. 28 March 2012. Archived from the original on 29 March 2012. Retrieved 28 March 2012.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f g h Van Dyke, The Khalistan Movement (2009), p. 990.
- ^ Ali, Haider (6 June 2018). “Mass protests erupt around Golden Temple complex as pro-Khalistan sikhs mark Blue Star anniversary”. Daily Pakistan. Archived from the original on 6 July 2020. Retrieved 25 June 2018.
- ^ “UK: Pakistani-origin lawmaker leads protests in London to call for Kashmir, Khalistan freedom”. Scroll. 27 January 2018. Archived from the original on 3 February 2021. Retrieved 29 June 2018.
- ^ Bhattacharyya, Anirudh (5 June 2017). “Pro-Khalistan groups plan event in Canada to mark Operation Bluestar anniversary”. Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 4 February 2021. Retrieved 6 July 2018.
- ^ Majumdar, Ushinor. “Sikh Extremists in Canada, The UK And Italy Are Working With ISI Or Independently”. Outlook India. Archived from the original on 20 July 2019. Retrieved 8 June 2018.
Q. Is it clear which “foreign hand” is driving this entire nexus? A. Evidence gathered by the police and other agencies points to the ISI as the key perpetrator of extremism in Punjab. (Amarinder Singh Indian Punjab Chief Minister)
- ^ “Simranjit Singh Mann stokes row, dedicates Sangrur win to Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale: Know about pro-Khalistan leader”, Firstpost, 27 June 2022, archived from the original on 27 June 2022, retrieved 27 June 2022
- ^ “Sangrur Bypoll Results Live: AAP loses Bhagwant Mann’s seat, SAD-A wins by 6,800 votes”, Hindustan Times, 26 June 2022, archived from the original on 26 June 2022, retrieved 26 June 2022
- ^ Wallace, Paul (1986). “The Sikhs as a “Minority” in a Sikh Majority State in India”. Asian Survey. 26 (3): 363–377. doi:10.2307/2644197. ISSN 0004-4687. JSTOR 2644197.
Over 8,000,000 of India’s 10,378,979 Sikhs were concentrated in Punjab
- ^ Jolly, Sikh Revivalist Movements (1988), p. 6.
- ^ Purewal, Navtej K. (2017). Living on the Margins: Social Access to Shelter in Urban South Asia. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-351-74899-5. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
The wrangling between various Sikh groupings were resolved by the nineteenth century when Maharajah Ranjit Singh unified the Punjab from Peshawar t the Sutluj River.
- ^ Panton, Kenneth J. (2015). Historical Dictionary of the British Empire. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 470. ISBN 978-0-8108-7524-1. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
A second conflict, just two years later, led to complete subjugation of the Sikhs and the incorporation of the remainder of their lands
- ^ Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 127.
- ^ Axel, Brian Keith (2001). The Nation’s Tortured Body: Violence, Representation, and the Formation of a Sikh “Diaspora”. Duke University Press. p. 85. ISBN 978-0-8223-2615-1. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
The Akalis viewed the Lahore Resolution and the Cripps Mission as a betrayal of the Sikhs and an attempt to usurp what, since the time of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, was historically a Sikh territory.
- ^ Tan, Tai Yong; Kudaisya, Gyanesh (2005) [First published 2000], The Aftermath of Partition in South Asia, Routledge, p. 100, ISBN 978-0-415-28908-5,
The professed intention of the Muslim League to impose a Muslim state on the Punjab (a Muslim majority province) was anathema to the Sikhs … the Sikhs launched a virulent campaign against the Lahore Resolution … Sikh leaders of all political persuasions made it clear that Pakistan would be ‘wholeheartedly resisted’.
- ^ Axel, Brian Keith (2001). The Nation’s Tortured Body: Violence, Representation, and the Formation of a Sikh “Diaspora”. Duke University Press. p. 84. ISBN 978-0-8223-2615-1. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
Against the nationalist ideology of a united India, which called for all groups to set aside “communal” differences, the Shiromani Akali Dal Party of the 1930s rallied around the proposition of a Sikh panth (community) that was separate from Hindus and Muslims.
- ^ Shani, Giorgio (2007). Sikh Nationalism and Identity in a Global Age. Routledge. p. 52. ISBN 978-1-134-10189-4. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
Khalistan was imagined as a theocratic state, a mirror-image of ‘Muslim’ Pakistan, led by the Maharaja of Patiala with the aid of a cabinet consisting of representing federating units.
- ^ Shah, Mehtab Ali (1997), The Foreign Policy of Pakistan: Ethnic Impacts on Diplomacy 1971–1994, I.B.Tauris, ISBN 978-1-86064-169-5, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 5 October 2020
- ^ Hill, K.; Seltzer, W.; Leaning, J.; Malik, S.J.; Russell, S. S.; Makinson, C. (2003), A Demographic Case Study of Forced Migration: The 1947 Partition of India, Harvard University Asia Center, archived from the original on 6 December 2008
- ^ McLeod, W. H. (1989), The Sikhs: History, Religion, and Society, Columbia University Press, ISBN 978-0-231-06815-4
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 129.
- ^ “Gurudwaras Outside of Punjab State”. Gateway To Sikhism. 30 November 1999. Archived from the original on 2 March 2021. Retrieved 17 October 2020.
- ^ Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 130.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d e Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 128.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 134.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f g h Jetly, Rajshree. 2006. “The Khalistan Movement in India: The Interplay of Politics and State Power.” International Review of Modern Sociology 34(1):61–62. JSTOR 41421658.
- ^ “Hindu-Sikh relations – I”. The Tribune. Chandigarh, India: Tribuneindia.com. 3 November 2003. Archived from the original on 5 June 2011.
- ^ Chawla, Muhammad Iqbal. 2017. The Khalistan Movement of 1984: A Critical Appreciation.
- ^ “The Punjab Reorganisation Act, 1966” (PDF). Government of India. 18 September 1966. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 January 2012.
- ^ Stanley Wolpert (2005). India. University of California Press. p. 216. ISBN 9780520246966. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 11 March 2023.
- ^ Mitra, Subrata K. (2007), The Puzzle of India’s Governance: Culture, Context and Comparative Theory, Advances in South Asian Studies: Routledge, p. 94, ISBN 978-1-134-27493-2, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 6 March 2018
- ^ Singh, Khushwant (2004), “The Anandpur Sahib Resolution and Other Akali Demands”, A History of the Sikhs: Volume 2: 1839–2004, Oxford University Press, doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195673098.001.0001, ISBN 978-0-19-567309-8
- ^ Ray, Jayanta Kumar (2007), Aspects of India’s International Relations, 1700 to 2000: South Asia and the World, Pearson Education India, p. 484, ISBN 978-81-317-0834-7, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 16 August 2019
- ^ Jump up to:a b c Akshayakumar Ramanlal Desai (1991). Expanding Governmental Lawlessness and Organized Struggles. Popular Prakashan. pp. 64–66. ISBN 978-81-7154-529-2.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 135.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d Pandya, Haresh (11 April 2007). “Jagjit Singh Chauhan, Sikh Militant Leader in India, Dies at 80”. The New York Times. Archived from the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 17 February 2017.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Axel, The Nation’s Tortured Body (2011), pp. 101–
- ^ Jump up to:a b Gupta, Shekhar; Subramanian, Nirupaman (15 December 1993). “You can’t get Khalistan through military movement: Jagat Singh Chouhan”. India Today. Archived from the original on 4 February 2021. Retrieved 29 November 2019.
- ^ Thomas, Jo (14 June 1984). “London Sikh Assumes Role of Exile Chief”. The New York Times. Archived from the original on 24 October 2018. Retrieved 24 October 2018.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c Dulat, A. S. (13 December 2020). “Genesis of tumultuous period in Punjab”. The Tribune. Chandigarh, India. Archived from the original on 24 June 2021. Retrieved 13 June 2021.
Bhindranwale never raised the demand for Khalistan or went beyond the Akali Anandpur Sahib Resolution, while he himself was prepared for negotiations to the very end.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Stevens, William K. (19 June 1984). “Punjab Raid: Unanswered Questions”. The News York Times. Archived from the original on 24 June 2021. Retrieved 12 June 2021.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d e Chima, Jugdep S (2008), The Sikh Separatist Insurgency in India: Political Leadership and Ethnonationalist Movements, India: Sage Publications, pp. 71–75, ISBN 978-81-321-0538-1, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 5 October 2020
- ^ Sharma, Sanjay (5 June 2011). “Bhajan Lal lived with ‘anti-Sikh, anti-Punjab’ image”. The Times of India. Archived from the original on 10 June 2011.
- ^ Stepan, Alfred; Linz, Juan J.; Yadav, Yogendra (2011), Crafting State-Nations: India and Other Multinational Democracies (Illustrated ed.), JHU Press, p. 97, ISBN 978-0-8018-9723-8, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 5 October 2020
- ^ Ghosh, Srikanta. 1997. Indian Democracy Derailed – Politics and Politicians. APH Publishing. ISBN 978-81-7024-866-8. p. 95.
- ^ Sisson, Mary. 2011. “Sikh Terrorism.” pp. 544–545 in The Sage Encyclopedia of Terrorism (2nd ed.), edited by G. Martin. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. ISBN 978-1-4129-8016-6. doi:10.4135/9781412980173.n368.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Sharma, Mool Chand, and A.K. Sharma, eds. 2004. “Discrimination Based on Religion Archived 24 October 2020 at the Wayback Machine.” pp. 108–110 in Discrimination Based on Sex, Caste, Religion, and Disability. New Delhi: National Council for Teacher Education. Archived from the original on 2 June 2010. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
- ^ Swami, Praveen (16 January 2014). “RAW chief consulted MI6 in build-up to Operation Bluestar”. The Hindu. Chennai, India. Archived from the original on 18 January 2014. Retrieved 9 August 2018.
- ^ Singh, Khushwant. 2004. A History of the Sikhs, Volume II: 1839–2004. New Delhi: Oxford University Press. p. 337.
- ^ Subramanian, L. N. (12 October 2006). “Operation Bluestar, 05 June 1984”. Bharat Rakshak Monitor. 3 (2). Archived from the original on 30 June 2020. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
- ^ Jump up to:a b “Sikh Leader in Punjab Accord Assassinated”. Los Angeles Times. Times Wire Services. 21 August 1985. Archived from the original on 29 January 2016. Retrieved 9 August 2018.
- ^ Tully, Mark; Jacob, Satish (1985). Amritsar: Mrs Gandhi’s Last Battle (5 ed.). J. Cape. p. 147. ISBN 978-0-22-402328-3. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ Wolpert, Stanley A., ed. (2009). “India”. Encyclopædia Britannica.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Gates, Scott; Roy, Kaushik (4 February 2014). “Insurgency and Counter-Insurgency in Punjab”. Unconventional Warfare in South Asia: Shadow Warriors and Counterinsurgency. Ashgate Publishing. p. 167. ISBN 978-1-40-943706-2. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ Diwanji, Amberish K. (4 June 2004). “There is a limit to how much a country can take”. The Rediff Interview/Lieutenant General Kuldip Singh Brar (retired). Rediff.com. Archived from the original on 3 December 2019. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ Walia, Varinder (20 March 2007). “Army reveals startling facts on Bluestar, says Longowal surrendered”. The Tribune. Amristar. Archived from the original on 4 August 2020. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ Jugdep S Chima (2008). The Sikh Separatist Insurgency in India: Political Leadership and Ethnonationalist Movements. Sage Publishing India. pp. 114–. ISBN 978-9351509530. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 13 March 2023.
- ^ White Paper on the Punjab Agitation. New Delhi: Government of India Press. 1984. p. 40. OL 1839009M. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ Karim, Afsir (1991). Counter Terrorism, the Pakistan Factor. Lancer Publishers. pp. 33–36. ISBN 978-8170621270. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 13 March 2023.
- ^ “Pakistan would have recognised Khalistan”. Rediff.com. 3 June 2004. Archived from the original on 29 January 2009. Retrieved 20 June 2006.
- ^ Andrew, Christopher M.; Mitrokhin, Vasili (2005). The Mitrokhin Archive II: The KGB and the World. Allen Lane. p. 336. ISBN 978-0-7139-9359-2. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 30 September 2022.
- ^ Andrew, Christopher (2008). The World Was Going Our Way: The KGB and the Battle for the Third World. DIANE Publishing Company. ISBN 978-1-4223-9312-3. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 30 September 2022.
- ^ Subramanian Swamy (1992). Building a New India: An Agenda for National Renaissance. UBS Publishers’ Distributors. p. 18. ISBN 978-81-85674-21-6. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 6 September 2022.
The 1984 Operation Bluestar became necessary because of the vast disinformation against Sant Bhindranwale by the KGB, and repeated inside Parliament by the Congress Party of India.
- ^ Guidry, John A., Michael D. Kennedy, and Mayer N. Zald, eds. 2000. Globalizations and Social Movements: Culture, Power, and the Transnational Public Sphere. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 978-0-472-06721-3. p. 319.
- ^ Nanavati, G. T. 9 February 2005. “Report of the Justice Nanavati Commission of Inquiry (1984 Anti-Sikh Riots) Archived 3 February 2021 at the Wayback Machine” 1. New Delhi: Ministry of Home Affairs. Archived from the original 27 November 2014. Retrieved 18 May 2020. Also available via People’s Archive of Rural India Archived 7 May 2020 at the Wayback Machine.
- ^ Jump up to:a b “What about the big fish?”. Tehelka. Anant Media. 25 August 2005. Archived from the original on 13 September 2012.
- ^ Singh, Swadesh Bahadur. 31 May 1996. “Cabinet berth for a Sikh.” Indian Express.
- ^ Kumar, Ram Narayan, et al. 2003. Reduced to Ashes: The Insurgency and Human Rights in Punjab. South Asia Forum for Human Rights. p. 43. Available via Committee for Information and Initiative on Punjab.
- ^ In Depth: Air India Archived 18 March 2005 at the Wayback Machine – The Victims, CBC News Online, 16 March 2005
- ^ “Free. Fair. Fearless”. Tehelka. Archived from the original on 12 September 2012.
- ^ “Jagmeet Singh now rejects glorification of Air India bombing mastermind”. CBC News. 15 March 2018. Archived from the original on 2 October 2020. Retrieved 4 August 2020.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c Gilligan, Andrew (21 April 2008). “Ken’s adviser is linked to terror group”. London Evening Standard. Archived from the original on 12 June 2009. Retrieved 26 May 2009.
- ^ Bolan, Kim (9 February 2008). “Air India bombmaker sent to holding centre”. Ottawa Citizen. Archived from the original on 9 November 2012. Retrieved 31 May 2009.
- ^ “Convicted Air India bomb-builder Inderjit Singh Reyat gets bail”. CBC News. 9 July 2008. Archived from the original on 10 July 2008. Retrieved 10 June 2009.
- ^ “Sikh Temple Sit-In Is a Challenge for Punjab.” The New York Times. 2 February 1986.
- ^ Singh, I. (10 July 2012). “Sarbat Khalsa and Gurmata”. SikhNet. Archived from the original on 12 June 2013. Retrieved 15 March 2013.
- ^ “Sant Nirankari Mission”. nirankari.org. Archived from the original on 13 January 2023. Retrieved 13 January 2023.
- ^ “Gunmen Slaughter 32 on Bus in India in Bloodiest Attack of Sikh Campaign”. The Philadelphia Inquirer, 7 July 1987. Page A03.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d Gargan, Edward (10 October 1991). “Envoy of Romania Abducted in India”. The New York Times. Archived from the original on 23 October 2018. Retrieved 17 February 2017.
- ^ Gurharpal Singh, Ethnic Conflict in India (2000), Chapters 8 & 9.
- ^ Gurharpal Singh, Ethnic Conflict in India (2000), Chapter 10.
- ^ “Amnesty International report on Punjab”. Amnesty International. 20 January 2003. Archived from the original on 3 December 2006.
- ^ “The Tribune, Chandigarh, India – Punjab”. Tribuneindia.com. Archived from the original on 5 June 2011. Retrieved 27 September 2015.
- ^ “SAD (A) to contest the coming SGPC elections on Khalistan issue: Mann”. PunjabNewsline.com. 14 January 2010. Archived from the original on 15 July 2011.
- ^ “Balwinder Singh Sandu”. Gallantry Awards. Archived from the original on 31 October 2020. Retrieved 29 October 2020.
- ^ “Gunmen Wound India Ambassador”. Los Angeles Times. 21 August 1991. Archived from the original on 10 October 2012. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ “World Notes India”. Time. 21 October 1991. Archived from the original on 30 September 2007. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ “Secret Injustice: The Harpal Singh Case | Part 1: Flashback”. The Sikh Sentinel. 17 September 2003. Archived from the original on 8 March 2012.
- ^ Talbot, India and Pakistan (2000), p. 272.
- ^ Simmons, Mary Kate (1998). Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization: yearbook. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. p. 187. ISBN 978-90-411-0223-2. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 3 August 2018.
- ^ “Issue Paper INDIA: Sikhs in Punjab 1994–95”. Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada. February 1996. Retrieved 31 May 2009.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d “U.S. Court Convicts Khalid Awan for Supporting Khalistan Commando Force”. The United States Attorney’s Office. 20 December 2006. Archived from the original on 15 January 2012. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ Mahmood, Cynthia. 5 May 1997. “Fax to Ted Albers.” Orono, Maine: Resource Information Center.
- ^ Documentation, Information and Research Branch. 17 February 1997. “India: Information from four specialists on the Punjab, Response to Information Request #IND26376.EX.” Ottawa: Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada.
- ^ “Protecting the Killers: A Policy of Impunity in Punjab, India: I. Summary”. Human Rights Watch. 9 October 2006. Archived from the original on 12 October 2008. Retrieved 11 January 2010.
- ^ Special Broadcasting Service:: Dateline – presented by George Negus Archived 28 August 2008 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ “The Hindu: Opinion / News Analysis: Is justice possible without looking for the truth?”. The Hindu. 9 September 2005. Archived from the original on 22 May 2008.
- ^ “India: A vital opportunity to end impunity in Punjab”. Amnesty International USA. Archived from the original on 25 June 2009.
- ^ “ASW”. Human Rights Watch. 1992. Archived from the original on 12 October 2012. Retrieved 11 January 2010.
- ^ “India: Time to Deliver Justice for Atrocities in Punjab”. Human Rights Watch. 18 October 2007. Archived from the original on 13 January 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ “Document – India: Break the cycle of impunity and torture in Punjab | Amnesty International”. Amnesty International. 2003. Archived from the original on 12 June 2011. Retrieved 11 January 2010.
- ^ Sehgal, Manjeet (23 September 2019). “Punjab: Four Khalistan Zindabad Force terrorists arrested in Taran Taran”. India Today. Archived from the original on 15 December 2019. Retrieved 27 December 2019.
- ^ Service, Tribune News. “NIA demands custody of 4 in Tarn Taran blast case”. Tribuneindia News Service. Archived from the original on 27 December 2019. Retrieved 27 December 2019.
- ^ Punj, Balbair (16 June 2005). “The Ghost of Khalistan”. The Sikh Times. Archived from the original on 4 December 2018. Retrieved 23 January 2007.
- ^ “Terror attacks in Punjab being planned by pro-Khalistan outfits with Pak’s support: Intelligence sources”. DNA India. 26 December 2019. Archived from the original on 27 December 2019. Retrieved 27 December 2019.
- ^ Nanjappa, Vicky (26 December 2019). “High alert declared after IB picks up intercepts on possible terror attack in Punjab”. Oneindia. Archived from the original on 27 December 2019. Retrieved 27 December 2019.
- ^ “Official Resolutions From Sarbat Khalsa 2015”. Sikh24.com. 11 November 2015. Archived from the original on 12 November 2015. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
- ^ “Khalistan slogans raised as Mann comes to meet Khalsa”. The Indian Express. 25 July 2015. Archived from the original on 27 August 2015. Retrieved 14 August 2015.
- ^ “Probable Resurgence of the Khalistan Movement: Role of the Sikh Diaspora – Science, Technology and Security forum”. stsfor.org. Archived from the original on 16 October 2015. Retrieved 2 April 2023.
- ^ “Responses to Information Requests”. irb-cisr.gc.ca. 5 June 2018. Archived from the original on 14 August 2019. Retrieved 14 August 2019.
- ^ “Pro-Khalistan slogans raised on Bluestar anniversary in Punjab”. Deccan Herald. 6 June 2015. Archived from the original on 25 July 2015. Retrieved 14 August 2015.
- ^ “Pro-Khalistan slogans raised during Punjab CM Parkash Singh Badal’s function”. The Indian Express. 26 July 2015. Archived from the original on 29 August 2015. Retrieved 14 August 2015.
- ^ Kumar, Ram Narayan (1997), The Sikh unrest and the Indian state: politics, personalities, and historical retrospective, Ajanta, ISBN 978-81-202-0453-9 quoted in Rediff On the Net Archived 15 August 2018 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Pettigrew, The Sikhs of the Punjab (1995), pp. 188–197.
- ^ Van Dyke, The Khalistan Movement (2009), p. 992.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Van Dyke, The Khalistan Movement (2009), p. 991.
- ^ Jump up to:a b “No chance of another Khalistan movement in Punjab: Defence experts”. Hindustan Times. ANI. 19 March 2016. Archived from the original on 6 May 2018. Retrieved 5 May 2018.
- ^ Dhillon, Simrat (December 2007). “The Sikh Diaspora and the Quest for Khalistan: A Search for Statehood or for Self-preservation?” (PDF). Institute of Peace and Conflict Studies. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 August 2019. Retrieved 26 May 2009.
- ^ Anand, Nisha. “Australian police releases pics of 6 men involved in Khalistan referendum brawl”. Hindustan Times.
- ^ “Brawl breaks out over Khalistan referendum in Australia; India raises concerns with authorities”. The Indian Express. 30 January 2023. Retrieved 13 October 2024.
- ^ “‘Appalled’: Australian envoy on attack by Khalistan elements on pro-India groups”. Hindustan Times.
- ^ “Police investigating attack on Brampton radio host after remarks on Punjabi actor”. The Globe and Mail. 24 February 2022. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
He told police he was approached near his Brampton studio Wednesday afternoon by three men who were shouting support for Mr. Sidhu, who was also a Sikh activist. “One of them pulled a gun on me, and the other hit me on the head with a beer bottle,” he told The Globe and Mail.
- ^ “‘Bhindranwale 2.0’: Radical Khalistan Sympathiser Amritpal Singh Active in Punjab”. NDTV News. Archived from the original on 24 February 2023. Retrieved 24 February 2023.
Often escorted by armed supporters and donning a flowing white ‘chola’ and a navy-blue turban, radical preacher and Khalistan sympathiser Amritpal Singh has been very active for some time in Punjab.
- ^ Sethi, Chitleen K. (23 February 2023). “Radical activist Amritpal storms Ajnala police station with supporters, secures aide’s release”. ThePrint. Archived from the original on 24 February 2023. Retrieved 24 February 2023.
- ^ “Radical preacher Amritpal Singh issue: Habeas corpus petition moved in HC seeking his ‘release'”. The Financial Express. Archived from the original on 19 March 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
- ^ [137][138][139]
- ^ “Deep Sidhu disliked Amritpal Singh, blocked his phone”. Tribune India. Archived from the original on 10 February 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ Matharu, Sonal (25 October 2022). “Fiery orator, ‘Bhindranwale 2.0’ – who’s Amritpal Singh, new ‘head’ of Deep Sidhu’s Waris Punjab De”. ThePrint. Archived from the original on 16 November 2022. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “The rise and fall of Amritpal Singh”. Tribune India. Archived from the original on 20 March 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “Unaware how Amritpal Singh declared himself head of ‘Waris Punjab De’, says Deep Sidhu’s kin”. Financialexpress. 24 February 2023. Archived from the original on 19 March 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “Amritpal Singh: Amrit Sanchar to focus on ‘de-addiction’ of youth”. Tribune India. Archived from the original on 16 November 2022. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “‘Khalistan shouldn’t be seen as…’: Amritpal Singh as Toofan to be freed today”. Hindustan Times. 24 February 2023. Archived from the original on 24 February 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “Amritpal Singh | A radical preacher”. The Hindu. 25 February 2023. ISSN 0971-751X. Archived from the original on 31 March 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ Mogul, Rhea (22 March 2023). “Khalistan: The outlawed Sikh separatist movement that has Indian authorities on edge”. CNN. Archived from the original on 23 March 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “‘Waris Punjab De’ chief Amritpal Singh arrested from Punjab’s Moga under NSA; shifted to Assam’s Dibrugarh jail”. The Hindu. 23 April 2023. ISSN 0971-751X. Archived from the original on 23 April 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “Watch: Sikhs attack Indian consulate in San Francisco, raise Khalistani flag to protest against crackdown on Amritpal Singh”. Free Press Journal. 20 March 2023. Archived from the original on 21 March 2023. Retrieved 21 March 2023.
- ^ Simon Little; Julie Nolin. “Journalist allegedly assaulted as Punjab tensions spill over into B.C.” Global News. Archived from the original on 21 March 2023. Retrieved 21 March 2023.
- ^ “Indian High Commission: Diplomat summoned after London protest”. BBC News. 20 March 2023. Archived from the original on 25 June 2023. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
- ^ “Amritpal Singh’s brother-in-law key accused in attack on Indian high commission in Canada”. Hindustan Times. 24 June 2023. Archived from the original on 5 July 2023. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
- ^ “Pro-Khalistan protesters tried to set on fire India’s consulate in San Francisco”. The Tribune India. Archived from the original on 25 June 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “Senior Indian journalist attacked by pro-Khalistanis outside Indian Embassy in Washington”. Deccan Herald. 26 March 2023. Archived from the original on 25 June 2023. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
- ^ “Journalist allegedly assaulted as Punjab tensions spill over into B.C.” Global News. Archived from the original on 21 March 2023. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
- ^ “Journalist allegedly assaulted as Punjab tensions spill over into B.C.” Global News. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
- ^ “‘Mr Taranjit Singh Sandhu…’: Khalistan supporter threatens Indian envoy to US | Watch”. Hindustan Times. 26 March 2023. Archived from the original on 27 June 2023. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
- ^ Anirudh Bhattacharyya (27 April 2018). “Canadian police frees Khalistani ‘separatist’ Hardeep Nijjar after 24 hours in custody”. Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 21 September 2023. Retrieved 19 September 2023.
- ^ “2nd attack since March: Indian consulate set on fire in San Francisco; US condemns violence”. The Times of India. 4 July 2023. ISSN 0971-8257. Archived from the original on 4 July 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ Jump up to:a b “US condemns vandalism, attempted arson against Indian Consulate in San Francisco”. Tribune India. Archived from the original on 4 July 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “US condemns vandalism at Indian consulate in San Francisco”. Reuters. 4 July 2023. Archived from the original on 4 July 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
- ^ “‘Heated’ demonstration at Indian consulate in Toronto sees one arrested”. The Globe and Mail. 9 July 2023. Archived from the original on 14 July 2023. Retrieved 14 July 2023.
Some online posters ahead of the event said “Kill India” and suggested, without evidence, that Indian diplomats played a role in Mr. Nijjar’s death.
- ^ “A year after Hardeep Singh Nijjar’s death, mysteries remain about how he really lived”. The Globe and Mail. 22 June 2024. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
- ^ “Pro-Khalistani Group in Toronto Glorifies Beant Singh’s Killer, Indian Authorities to Raise Issue With Canada | EXCLUSIVE”. News18. 2 September 2024. Retrieved 13 October 2024.
- ^ “Canada: Pro-Khalistan rallies feature floats celebrating 1995 Beant Singh bombing”. Business Today. 1 September 2024. Retrieved 13 October 2024.
- ^ “‘I will not be silenced’: Calgary radio host attack caught on CCTV”. Global News. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
- ^ “Calgary radio host speaks out after being attacked outside banquet hall”. Global News. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
- ^ “Indo-Canadian mediaperson, attacked by two persons, blames ‘pro-Khalistan’ elements”. Hindustan Times.
- ^ “Calgary police investigating weekend assault of radio host”. CTV News Calgary. 1 October 2024. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
- ^ “Radio journalist says he was assaulted in attack over news coverage”. Calgary Herald.
City police are seeking two suspects in an assault on a well-known radio journalist in Calgary’s northeast that apparently targeted his reporting on crime issues within the Sikh community.
- ^ “Calgary police probe assault of RED FM news director”. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation.
Staff Sgt. John Guigon said Nagar was struck in the head but was not seriously hurt, and that the incident was captured on video. “It was not a pleasant situation,” he said.”[It is] particularly troubling to us when a member of the media gets attacked in a democracy…. We’re throwing resources at it.”
- ^ [167][168][169][170][171][172]
- ^ Sharma, Abhinav (3 October 2024). “Canadian radio journalist Rishi Nagar attacked by Khalistani groups in Canada”. Diya TV. Retrieved 4 October 2024.
A group of men supportive of the Khalistan separatist movement violently assaulted Canada-based RED FM News Director Rishi Nagar allegedly for refusing to align with their agenda.
- ^ Moharib, Nadia (30 September 2024). “Man threatened outside NE temple, two arrested: Calgary police”. CityNews Calgary. Retrieved 11 October 2024.
- ^ Bradley, Jonathan (1 October 2024). “RED FM Calgary host says attack will not stop his journalism”. Western Standard. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
- ^ Bradley, Jonathan (2 October 2024). “UPDATED: Poilievre, Smith say they are disturbed by attack on RED FM Calgary host”. Western Standard. Retrieved 2 October 2024.
- ^ “Journalists reporting against Khalistan groups under attack in Canada, says Indian-origin MP”. The Tribune. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
- ^ O’Brien, Raju Mudhar, Abby (9 November 2024). “‘This is not a Hindu and Sikh battle’: The complex history behind protests that erupted at Brampton temples this week over Indian consular visits”. Toronto Star. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
In another video, individuals holding pro-Khalistan flagpoles can be seen running onto the property, striking those inside the perimeter with them. A chaotic scene ensues.
- ^ Aguilar, Bryann (3 November 2024). “Police increase their presence at Hindu temple in Brampton after protest”. CP24. Retrieved 3 November 2024.
- ^ ICI.Radio-Canada.ca, Zone Justice et faits divers- (4 November 2024). “3 arrested and charged after protest at Brampton Hindu temple, police say”. Radio-Canada.ca (in Canadian French). Retrieved 4 November 2024.
- ^ O’Brien, Raju Mudhar, Abby (9 November 2024). “‘This is not a Hindu and Sikh battle’: The complex history behind protests that erupted at Brampton temples this week over Indian consular visits”. Toronto Star. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
The clash saw three people arrested and an off-duty police officer who participated in the protest, Sergeant Harinder Sohi, suspended.
- ^ “Peel cop suspended after participating in protest outside Hindu temple”. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation.
- ^ “Who Is The Suspended Cop Harinder Sohi And What Happened At The Pro-Khalistan Protest?”. TheDailyGuardian. Retrieved 4 November 2024.
- ^ O’Brien, Raju Mudhar, Abby (9 November 2024). “‘This is not a Hindu and Sikh battle’: The complex history behind protests that erupted at Brampton temples this week over Indian consular visits”. Toronto Star. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
The video then appears to show one of the officers breaking away from his colleagues, running onto temple property, and repeatedly striking an individual. When reached for comment, Peel police said it was aware of the video and was looking into it.
- ^ “Video: Canadian cop punches Hindu man protesting against pro-Khalistan mob attack”. India Today. 4 November 2024. Retrieved 4 November 2024.
- ^ “Fears of more clashes between Sikhs and Hindus in Brampton, Ont., as Canada-India rift spills over into suburbs”. The Globe and Mail. 8 November 2024. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
The Khalistani protesters claimed the event at the Hindu temple Sunday – where Indian consular staff were helping Indian immigrants apply for government pensions – was part of surveillance efforts to keep tabs on pro-Khalistan Sikhs.
- ^ O’Brien, Raju Mudhar, Abby (9 November 2024). “‘This is not a Hindu and Sikh battle’: The complex history behind protests that erupted at Brampton temples this week over Indian consular visits”. Toronto Star. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
It was the presence of Indian Consular officials, who have been visiting communities to help older people in the diaspora who may be entitled to pensions, that prompted SFJ to plan Sunday’s demonstration.
- ^ “Violent clashes erupt outside consular camp at Hindu temple in Canada’s Brampton”. The Hindu. 4 November 2024. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
Most beneficiaries of the consular service organised by the Indian High Commission in Brampton were Sikh members of the Indian diaspora.
- ^ “Fears of more clashes between Sikhs and Hindus in Brampton, Ont., as Canada-India rift spills over into suburbs”. The Globe and Mail. 8 November 2024. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
- ^ O’Brien, Raju Mudhar, Abby (9 November 2024). “‘This is not a Hindu and Sikh battle’: The complex history behind protests that erupted at Brampton temples this week over Indian consular visits”. Toronto Star. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
- ^ Lavoie, Joanna (9 November 2024). “Another person charged following violent demonstrations in Peel Region”. CP24. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
- ^ “Clashes erupted outside a Hindu temple near Toronto. They’re the latest sign of Canada and India’s spiraling relations”. CNN.
- ^ Jump up to:a b “Not one of its leaders elected since 1999, SAD (Amritsar) still contests polls demanding Khalistan”. The Indian Express. 22 January 2022. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
Headed by former MP Simranjit Singh Mann, a retired IPS officer, SAD (Amritsar) is the only party which still contests the elections in Punjab with demand for a separate Khalistan.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Takkar, Jatin (4 June 2024). “Pro-Khalistan separatists Amritpal and Sarabjeet lead over rivals”. The Economic Times. ISSN 0013-0389. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
- ^ Sethi, Chitleen K. (5 June 2024). “Amritpal, Sarabjeet Singh Khalsa — Sikh radicals’ poll victories pose challenge for Mann govt”. ThePrint. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
Amritpal Singh won from Khadoor Sahib by biggest margin this election in Punjab & Beant Singh’s son Khalsa won in Faridkot. But, Simranjit Singh Mann lost his Sangrur seat.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c “General Election to Parliamentary Constituencies: Trends & Results June-2024”. Election Commission of India.
- ^ “Father didn’t care and laid down his life, Sikh community pulled family through troubled times: Sarabjit Singh Khalsa”. The Economic Times. 6 June 2024. ISSN 0013-0389. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
Six-year-old Sarabjit when his father Beant Singh, a Delhi police SI who was part of the PM’s security detail, along with another of her bodyguards, Satwant Singh, assassinated Indira Gandhi in October 1984.
- ^ Pettigrew, The Sikhs of the Punjab (1995), p. 24.
- ^ Aggarwal, J. C.; Agrawal, S. P. (1992), Modern History of Punjab, Concept Publishing Company, p. 117, ISBN 978-81-7022-431-0
- ^ Jump up to:a b Puri, Harish K., Paramjit Singh Judge, and Jagrup Singh Sekhon. 1999. Terrorism in Punjab: Understanding Grassroots Reality. New Delhi: Har-Anand Publications. pp. 68–71.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 133.
- ^ Jump up to:a b “Council Common Position 2005/427/CFSP of 6 June 2005 updating Common Position 2001/931/CFSP on the application of specific measures to combat terrorism and repealing Common Position 2005/220/CFSP” (PDF). European Union. 6 June 2005. p. 5. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 June 2013. Retrieved 31 May 2009.
- ^ “Currently listed entities (terrorist organizations-ed)”. Public Safety Canada. Archived from the original on 26 June 2009. Retrieved 31 May 2009.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f Milewski, Terry (28 June 2007). “Sikh politics in Canada. Symbols and suits. Sikh extremism enters mainstream Canadian politics”. CBC. Archived from the original on 1 June 2009. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ Jump up to:a b “Proscribed terrorist groups”. UK Office for Security and Counter Terrorism. Archived from the original on 15 June 2009. Retrieved 24 May 2009.
- ^ “Terrorist Exclusion List”. U. S. Bureau of Counterterrorism and Countering Violent Extremism. 29 December 2004. Archived from the original on 13 May 2009. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ “Appendix F: Countering Terrorism on the Economic Front” (PDF). US Department of State. p. 2. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 November 2020. Retrieved 31 May 2009.
- ^ Mahmood (1996), p. 328
- ^ Martha Crenshaw, ed. (1995), Terrorism in Context, Pennsylvania State University Press, p. 656, ISBN 978-0-271-01015-1, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 29 August 2020
- ^ Atkins, Stephen E. (2004), Encyclopedia of modern worldwide extremists and extremist groups (illustrated ed.), Greenwood Publishing Group, p. 404, ISBN 978-0-313-32485-7, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 26 June 2009
- ^ “Foreign Terrorist Organizations”. U. S. Department of State. 8 April 2008. Archived from the original on 13 May 2009.
- ^ “Law Enforcement Cases: International Narcotics Control Strategy Report: Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs”. US Department of State. March 2008. Archived from the original on 16 August 2019. Retrieved 8 June 2009.
- ^ Office of the Coordinator for Counterterrorism (April 1996). “1995 Patterns of Global Terrorism”. Federation of American Scientists. Archived from the original on 22 January 2009. Retrieved 30 May 2009.
- ^ Pratap, Anita (22 May 1996). “Bus explosion in India kills at least 14: It’s the second bombing in two days”. New Delhi: CNN. Archived from the original on 8 November 2012. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ “CNN – Fatal bomb meant to disrupt – April 21, 1996”. cnn.com. Archived from the original on 8 November 2012. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
- ^ “KZF behind Jalandhar blasts”. The Indian Express. 19 June 2006. Archived from the original on 5 June 2009. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ “Patterns of Global Terrorism: 1997 – appendix B”. U. S. Department of State. 1997. Archived from the original on 23 November 2010. Retrieved 25 May 2009.
- ^ Nayar, Kuldip (22 February 1999). “It is fundamentalism again”. Rediff.com. Archived from the original on 5 January 2012. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ Juergensmeyer, Mark (14 October 2004). “From Bhindranwale to Bin Laden: Understanding Religious Violence” (PDF). Self. p. 30. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 July 2011. Retrieved 26 May 2009.
- ^ Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 136.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 132.
- ^ Fair, Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies (2005), p. 137.
- ^ Downing, John D. H. (2011). Encyclopedia of Social Movement Media. Sage. p. 290. ISBN 978-0-7619-2688-7. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 25 October 2018.
- ^ Simmons, Mary Kate (1998). Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization: yearbook. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. p. 187. ISBN 978-90-411-0223-2. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 5 October 2020.
- ^ Anderson, Edward T. G. (1 January 2024). Hindu Nationalism in the Indian Diaspora: Transnational Politics and British Multiculturalism. Oxford University Press. p. 333. ISBN 978-0-19-778328-3.
- ^ Behera, Demystifying Kashmir (2007), pp. 87–88.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Haqqani, Pakistan Between the Mosque and Military (2010), pp. 270–271.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Sirrs, Pakistan’s Inter-Services Intelligence Directorate (2016), p. 167.
- ^ Haqqani, Pakistan Between the Mosque and Military (2010), p. 272.
- ^ “Canadian gets 14 years for funding terrorists”. The Globe and Mail. 13 September 2007. Archived from the original on 24 September 2021. Retrieved 5 October 2018.
- ^ Nanjappa, Vicky (10 June 2008). “200 Pak organisations raise funds for terror: IB”. Rediff.com. Archived from the original on 22 July 2021. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Markham, James M. (16 June 1984). “India Talks of C.I.A. Role in Unrest”. The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 28 November 2019. Retrieved 28 November 2019.
- ^ “CIA, ISI encouraged Sikh terrorism”. The Times of India. Press Trust of India. 26 July 2007. Archived from the original on 1 April 2020. Retrieved 28 November 2019.
- ^ “US, Pak ISI had a hand in Punjab militancy: Book”. Hindustan Times. 26 July 2007. Archived from the original on 6 February 2021. Retrieved 1 December 2019.
- ^ Nakashima, Ellen; Shih, Gerry; Amanda, Coletta (29 November 2023). “U.S. prosecutors allege assassination plot of Sikh separatist directed by Indian government employee”. The Washington Post. Retrieved 29 November 2023.
- ^ “Sikh extremism spread fast in Canada”. expressindia.com. 23 May 2007. Archived from the original on 14 October 2012. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ “Sikh extremism in Canada mushroomed very quickly”. rediff.com. 23 May 2007. Archived from the original on 28 March 2012. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ Brown, Jim (22 November 2007). “The reign of terror is still there”. Toronto Star. Archived from the original on 12 October 2012. Retrieved 2 September 2017.
- ^ Kay, Jonathan (17 November 2008). “A true Sikh martyr: Jonathan Kay on the 10th anniversary of the assassination of Tara Singh Hayer”. The National Post. Retrieved 7 June 2009.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Bolan, Kim (2006). Loss of Faith: How the Air-India Bombers Got Away With Murder (Paperback ed.). McClelland & Stewart. p. 388 (Chapters 6 and 7). ISBN 978-0-7710-1131-3.
- ^ “Testimony: Babbar Khalsa Ordered Tara Singh Hayer Slaying”. CanWest News Service. 14 December 2003. Archived from the original on 28 September 2011. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ Summers, Chris (2 June 2000). “Call for end to Sikh murder mystery”. BBC News. Archived from the original on 12 November 2013. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ Summers, Chris (17 March 2005). “Call for police to solve Sikh murder”. BBC News. Archived from the original on 7 May 2010. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ “Netfirms | This site is temporarily unavailable”. Worldsikh.ca. Archived from the original on 1 January 2012. Retrieved 27 September 2015.
- ^ Grewal, San (11 July 2007). “Sikh organization sues CBC”. Toronto Star. Archived from the original on 27 January 2020. Retrieved 27 January 2020.
- ^ “Canadian journalist hits out at Sikh extremism”. The Times of India. 1 July 2007.[dead link]
- ^ Morley, Robert. “Sikh Terrorism Enters Politics in Canada”. The Trumpet. Archived from the original on 2 June 2011. Retrieved 25 May 2009.
- ^ Thorne, Barry (6 March 2008). “India PM warns against renewed Sikh extremism”. Radio Netherlands Worldwide. Archived from the original on 10 March 2008.
- ^ Bolan, Kim (11 March 2008). “Sikh separatist threat on rise in Canada: Indian PM warns of resurgent threat in Canada”. Vancouver Sun. Archived from the original on 12 November 2013.
- ^ “Amarinder Singh meets Justin Trudeau and Canada’s ‘Khalistani sympathiser’ minister”. The Times of India. 21 February 2018. Archived from the original on 11 October 2018. Retrieved 8 June 2018.
- ^ Singh, Surjit; Sharma, Anil (21 February 2018). “Khalistan figures in Trudeau-Amarinder talks, Punjab CM hands over list of 9 Canada-based radicals”. Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 8 June 2018.
- ^ Connolly, Amanda. “Jagmeet Singh defends speaking at Sikh separatist rally in 2015”. Global News. Archived from the original on 23 May 2018. Retrieved 22 May 2018.
- ^ “Khalistan no issue either in Canada or Punjab, says Sukhbir Badal”. Hindustan Times. 23 February 2018. Archived from the original on 11 March 2018. Retrieved 11 March 2018.
- ^ Milewski, Terry (September 2020). “Khalistan: A project of Pakistan” (PDF). Macdonald-Laurier Institute. Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 December 2020. Retrieved 4 February 2021.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c Pathi, Krutika (19 September 2023). “India expels Canadian diplomat, escalating tensions after Trudeau accuses India in Sikh’s killing”. AP News. Archived from the original on 19 September 2023. Retrieved 19 September 2023.
- ^ Staff, Star (14 October 2024). “Canada and India each expel six diplomats amid murder investigation of Sikh activist in B.C.” Toronto Star. Retrieved 27 November 2024.
- ^ “Trudeau accuses India in killing of Sikh leader on Canadian soil”. The Globe and Mail. 18 September 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2024.
- ^ “Sikh separatists ‘funded from UK'”. BBC News. 4 March 2008. Archived from the original on 26 March 2012. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ Bassey, Amardeep (26 February 2008). “TRANSCRIPT OF “FILE ON 4″- ‘SIKH GROUPS'” (PDF). BBC News. p. 20. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 February 2022. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ “Foreign Terrorist Organizations”. U. S. Department of State. 8 April 2008. Archived from the original on 13 May 2009.
- ^ “Terrorism: What You Need To Know About U.S. Sanctions”. U.S. Department of Treasury. Archived from the original on 20 October 2011. Retrieved 24 May 2009.
- ^ Gilligan, Andrew (21 April 2008). “Sikh civil servant who backs ‘martyr’ is now on TfL board” (PDF). Evening Standard. London. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 June 2009.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Bolan, Kim (18 February 2008). “Sikh leader solicits support”. Vancouver Sun. Archived from the original on 3 June 2009.
- ^ “Sikh separatists ‘funded from UK'”. BBC. 4 March 2008. Archived from the original on 14 December 2021. Retrieved 24 April 2008.
- Bibliography
- Axel, Brian Keith (2001), The nation’s Tortured Body: Violence, representation, and the formation of a Sikh “Diaspora”, Duke University Press, ISBN 978-0-8223-2615-1
- Behera, Navnita Chadha (2007), Demystifying Kashmir, Pearson Education India, ISBN 978-8131708460
- Deol, Harnik (2000), Religion and Nationalism in India: The case of the Punjab, Routledge, ISBN 978-0-415-20108-7
- Fair, C. Christine (2005), “Diaspora Involvement in Insurgencies: Insights from the Khalistan and Tamil Eelam Movements”, Nationalism and Ethnic Politics, 11: 125–156, doi:10.1080/13537110590927845, S2CID 145552863
- Ghosh, Srikanta (1997), Indian Democracy Derailed – Politics and Politicians, APH Publishing, ISBN 978-81-7024-866-8, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 16 August 2019
- Haqqani, Husain (2010), Pakistan: Between Mosque and Military, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, ISBN 978-0-87003-285-1
- Jodhka, Surinder S. (21 April 2001), “Looking Back at the Khalistan Movement: Some Recent Researches on Its Rise and Decline”, Economic and Political Weekly, 36 (16): 1311–1318
- Jolly, Surjit (1988), Sikh Revivalist Movements, Gitanjali Publishing House, ISBN 978-81-85060-23-1, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 24 December 2018
- Mahmood, Cynthia Keppley (1996), Fighting for Faith and Nation, Series in Contemporary Ethnography, University of Pennsylvania Press, ISBN 978-0-8122-1592-2, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 29 August 2020
- Nayar, Kuldip; Singh, Kushwant (1985), Tragedy of Punjab, Vision Books, ISBN 1-85127-069-8, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 24 December 2018
- Pettigrew, Joyce (1995), The Sikhs of the Punjab: Unheard Voices of State and Guerrilla Violence, Zed Books, ISBN 978-1-85649-355-0
- Shah, Mehtab Ali (1997), The Foreign Policy of Pakistan: Ethnic Impacts on Diplomacy 1971–1994, I.B.Tauris, ISBN 978-1-86064-169-5
- Shani, Giorgio (2005), “Beyond Khalistan? Sikh diasporic identity and critical international theory1”, Sikh Formations, 1 (1): 57–74, doi:10.1080/17448720500132565, S2CID 145300683
- Shani, Giorgio (2008), Sikh Nationalism and Identity in a Global Age, Routledge, ISBN 978-0-415-42190-4, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 24 December 2018
- Singh, Gurharpal (2000), Ethnic Conflict in India: A Case-Study of Punjab, Palgrave Macmillan UK, ISBN 978-0-333-98177-1, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 3 December 2018
- Sirrs, Owen L. (2016). Pakistan’s Inter-Services Intelligence Directorate: Covert Action and Internal Operations. Routledge. p. 167. ISBN 978-1-317-19609-9.
- Tambiah, Stanley Jeyaraja (1996), Leveling Crowds: Ethnonationalist conflicts and collective violence in South Asia, University of California Press, ISBN 978-0-520-20642-7, archived from the original on 30 March 2023, retrieved 24 December 2018
- Talbot, Ian (2000), India and Pakistan: Inventing the Nation, Bloomsbury Academic, ISBN 978-0-340-70633-6, archived from the original on 7 February 2023, retrieved 3 December 2018
- Van Dyke, Virginia (2009), “The Khalistan Movement in Punjab, India, and the Post-Militancy Era: Structural Change and New Political Compulsions”, Asian Survey, 49 (6): 975–997, doi:10.1525/as.2009.49.6.975

