Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky has made an offer to hand over two North Korean soldiers captured in Ukraine to Pyongyang in exchange for Ukrainian prisoners of war held in Russia. The proposal, shared on the social media platform X, indicates that those North Korean soldiers who are not willing to return to their home country may be given the chance to aid in spreading the truth about the ongoing war, especially to the Korean-speaking world.

The two soldiers, who were captured by Ukrainian forces on January 9, are currently in Kyiv receiving medical treatment. According to the Security Service of Ukraine (SBU), one of the soldiers explained that he had been told he was going to Russia for “training,” not combat, and was found with a Russian military ID card issued in the name of another individual. The other soldier had no documentation. Both men only speak Korean, and their questioning is being conducted with assistance from South Korea’s National Intelligence Service.

The SBU’s findings also revealed that the soldier with the Russian military ID claimed to have been issued the card in the autumn of 2024, and mentioned that North Korean combat units had undergone training for one week at the time. Zelensky’s office has noted the Russian efforts to conceal the soldiers’ North Korean identity by issuing them false identification, such as the military ID card that listed their birthplace as Turan, a region in Russia’s Tuva republic, near Mongolia.

Zelensky’s offer to exchange the North Korean soldiers comes amid growing concerns regarding the involvement of North Korean troops in the ongoing conflict in Ukraine. Russian President Vladimir Putin had previously acknowledged that it was within Russia’s sovereign rights to deploy North Korean soldiers in the war. Zelensky’s government has used the opportunity to call attention to what it sees as Russian efforts to cover up their collaboration with North Korea, with Zelensky noting that the documents were intended to mislead by falsely portraying the soldiers as from Russia’s Tuva region.

This exchange offer is a part of Ukraine’s continued diplomatic efforts to gain the release of its own captured soldiers. Zelensky emphasized the potential for these North Korean soldiers to contribute to peace by spreading awareness about the war, signaling Ukraine’s broader goals of internationalizing the truth of the conflict. As the situation develops, the world watches closely for any response from Pyongyang regarding the soldiers’ potential return or the exchange for Ukrainian prisoners held by Russia.

The second North Korean soldier, who was captured by Ukrainian forces, reportedly provided some of his responses in writing due to an injured jaw, according to the Security Service of Ukraine (SBU). The SBU believes the soldier was born in 1999 and had been serving as a scout sniper for North Korea since 2016.

In accordance with the Geneva Convention, it is stated that prisoners of war must be questioned in a language they understand, and they should be protected from undue public scrutiny. However, as of now, international media organizations, including the BBC, have not independently verified Ukraine’s account of the prisoners and the circumstances of their capture.

Reports from Ukraine and South Korea last year suggested that North Korea had sent at least 10,000 troops to support Russia in its ongoing war against Ukraine. On Monday, South Korea’s National Intelligence Service revealed that more than 300 North Korean soldiers have died while fighting alongside Russian forces, with at least 2,700 reported injuries. These figures highlight the significant losses North Korean troops have suffered during the conflict.

In a troubling development, South Korea’s intelligence agency also confirmed that a North Korean soldier, believed to be the first captured while aiding Russia’s war effort, had died after being taken alive by Ukrainian forces.

Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky further emphasized the growing dependence of the Russian military on support from North Korea, stating that “there should be no doubt left that the Russian army is dependent on military assistance from North Korea.” This statement underscores the growing role that North Korean forces are playing in Russia’s military operations, adding a new layer of complexity to the conflict in Ukraine.

Courtesy: AFP News Agency

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• ^ Jump up to:^a b Hobsbawm, Eric (1995). The Age of Extremes: A history of the world, 1914–1991. Vintage. ISBN 978-0-679-73005-7.
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• ^ “Europe honours war dead on VE Day Archived 2018-03-16 at the Wayback Machine“. BBC News. 9 May 2005.
• ^ Niewyk, Donald L. and Nicosia, Francis R. The Columbia Guide to the Holocaust Archived 21 May 2022 at the Wayback Machine, Columbia University Press, 2000, pp. 45–52.
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• ^ Bundy, Colin (2016). “Migrants, refugees, history and precedents | Forced Migration Review”. www.fmreview.org. Archived from the original on 8 March 2022. Retrieved 9 March 2022.
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• ^ National Geographic, 530.
• ^ Jessica Caus “Am Checkpoint Charlie lebt der Kalte Krieg” In: Die Welt 4 August 2015.
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• ^ Thomas Roser: DDR-Massenflucht: Ein Picknick hebt die Welt aus den Angeln (German – Mass exodus of the GDR: A picnic clears the world) In: Die Presse 16 August 2018.
• ^ Der 19. August 1989 war ein Test für Gorbatschows” (German – August 19, 1989 was a test for Gorbachev), In: FAZ 19 August 2009.
• ^ Michael Frank: Paneuropäisches Picknick – Mit dem Picknickkorb in die Freiheit (German: Pan-European picnic – With the picnic basket to freedom), in: Süddeutsche Zeitung 17 May 2010.
• ^ Andreas Rödder, Deutschland einig Vaterland – Die Geschichte der Wiedervereinigung (2009).
• ^ Padraic Kenney “A Carnival of Revolution: Central Europe 1989” (2002) pp 109.
• ^ Michael Gehler “Der alte und der neue Kalte Krieg in Europa” In: Die Presse 19.11.2015.
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• ^ “Ukrainian exodus could be Europe’s biggest refugee crisis since World War II”. El País. 3 March 2022. Archived from the original on 5 April 2022. Retrieved 30 July 2022.
• ^ “Protecting Ukrainian refugees: What can we learn from the response to Kosovo in the 90s?”. British Future. 7 March 2022. Archived from the original on 7 March 2022. Retrieved 29 March 2022.
• ^ Cuper, Simon (23 May 2014). “Why Europe works”. ft.com. Archived from the original on 22 August 2016. Retrieved 28 May 2014.
• ^ Europe Archived 3 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine. Encyclopædia Britannica.
• ^ Jump up to:^a b “European Climate”. World Book. World Book, Inc. Archived from the original on 9 November 2006. Retrieved 16 June 2008.
• ^ Josef Wasmayer “Wetter- und Meereskunde der Adria” (1976), pp 5.
• ^ Beck, Hylke E.; Zimmermann, Niklaus E.; McVicar, Tim R.; Vergopolan, Noemi; Berg, Alexis; Wood, Eric F. (30 October 2018). “Present and future Köppen-Geiger climate classification maps at 1-km resolution”. Scientific Data. 5: 180214. Bibcode:2018NatSD…580214B. doi:10.1038/sdata.2018.214. PMC 6207062. PMID 30375988.
• ^ Climate tables of the articles, where the precise sources can be found
• ^ Kayser-Bril, Nicolas (24 September 2018). “Europe is getting warmer, and it’s not looking like it’s going to cool down anytime soon”. EDJNet. Retrieved 25 September 2018.
• ^ “Climate change impacts scar Europe, but increase in renewables signals hope for future”. public.wmo.int. 14 June 2023. Retrieved 9 July 2023.
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• ^ Carter, J.G. 2011, “Climate change adaptation in European cities”, Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 193-198
• ^ Abnett, Kate (21 April 2020). “EU climate chief sees green strings for car scrappage schemes”. Reuters. Retrieved 6 October 2020.
• ^ Jump up to:^a b c d “Europe”. Encyclopædia Britannica. 2007. Archived from the original on 4 December 2007. Retrieved 10 June 2008.
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• ^ “European bison, Wisent”. Archived from the original on 26 December 2016. Retrieved 19 January 2017.
• ^ Walker, Matt (4 August 2009). “European bison on ‘genetic brink'”. BBC News. Archived from the original on 6 July 2022. Retrieved 30 July 2022.
• ^ Bryant, S.; Thomas, C.; Bale, J. (1997). “Nettle-feeding nymphalid butterflies: temperature, development and distribution”. Ecological Entomology. 22 (4): 390–398. Bibcode:1997EcoEn..22..390B. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2311.1997.00082.x. S2CID 84143178.
• ^ not counting the microstate of Vatican City
• ^ Democracy Report 2024, Varieties of Democracy
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• ^ “Global Wealth Stages a Strong Comeback”. Pr-inside.com. 10 June 2010. Archived from the original on 20 May 2011. Retrieved 23 August 2010.
• ^ Global shipping and logistic chain reshaped as China’s Belt and Road dreams take off in Hellenic Shipping News, 4. December 2018; Wolf D. Hartmann, Wolfgang Maennig, Run Wang: Chinas neue Seidenstraße. (2017), p 59; Jacob Franks “The Blu Banana – the True Heart of Europe” In: Big Think Edge, 31 December 2014; Zacharias Zacharakis: Chinas Anker in Europa in: Die Zeit 8. May 2018; Harry de Wilt: Is One Belt, One Road a China crisis for North Sea main ports? in World Cargo News, 17 December 2019; Hospers, Gert-Jan “Beyond the blue banana? Structural change in Europe’s geo-economy.” 2002
• ^ “The CIA World Factbook – GDP (PPP)”. CIA. 15 July 2008. Archived from the original on 4 June 2011. Retrieved 19 July 2008.
• ^ “The World Bank DataBank”. worldbank.org. Archived from the original on 2 October 2019. Retrieved 30 July 2022.
• ^ Some data refers to IMF staff estimates but some are actual figures for the year 2017, made on 12 April 2017. World Economic Outlook Database–April 2017 Archived 24 June 2021 at the Wayback Machine, International Monetary Fund. Accessed on 18 April 2017.
• ^ “Report for Selected Countries and Subjects”. IMF.
• ^ World Bank’s GDP (Nominal) Data for Russia
• ^ Jump up to:^a b “Peak GDP (PPP) by the World Bank for Turkey and Romania”. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
• ^ Capitalism Archived 17 May 2014 at the Wayback Machine. Encyclopædia Britannica.
• ^ Scott, John (2005). Industrialism: A Dictionary of Sociology. Oxford University Press.
• ^ Kreis, Steven (11 October 2006). “The Origins of the Industrial Revolution in England”. The History Guide. Archived from the original on 2 November 2015. Retrieved 1 January 2007.
• ^ Dornbusch, Rudiger; Nölling, Wilhelm P.; Layard, Richard G. Postwar Economic Reconstruction and Lessons for the East Today, p. 117
• ^ Emadi-Coffin, Barbara (2002). Rethinking International Organisation: Deregulation and Global Governance. Routledge. p. 64. ISBN 978-0-415-19540-9.
• ^ Dornbusch, Rudiger; Nölling, Wilhelm P.; Layard, Richard G. Postwar Economic Reconstruction and Lessons for the East Today, p. 29
• ^ Harrop, Martin. Power and Policy in Liberal Democracies, p. 23
• ^ “Germany (East)”, Library of Congress Country Study, Appendix B: The Council for Mutual Economic Assistance Archived 1 May 2009 at the Wayback Machine
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• ^ “EU data confirms eurozone’s first recession”. EUbusiness.com. 8 January 2009. Archived from the original on 30 December 2010.
• ^ Thanks to the Bank it’s a crisis; in the eurozone it’s a total catastrophe Archived 31 May 2022 at the Wayback Machine. Telegraph. 8 March 2009.
• ^ Schultz, Stefan (11 February 2010). “Five Threats to the Common Currency”. Spiegel Online. Archived from the original on 14 April 2010. Retrieved 28 April 2010.
• ^ Blackstone, Brian; Lauricella, Tom; Shah, Neil (5 February 2010). “Global Markets Shudder: Doubts About U.S. Economy and a Debt Crunch in Europe Jolt Hopes for a Recovery”. The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 10 May 2010.
• ^ Lauren Frayer. “European Leaders Try to Calm Fears Over Greek Debt Crisis and Protect Euro”. AOL News. Archived from the original on 9 May 2010. Retrieved 2 June 2010.
• ^ Unemployment statistics Archived 14 June 2012 at the Wayback Machine. Eurostat. April 2012.
• ^ CIA.gov Archived 27 May 2016 at the Wayback Machine CIA population growth rankings, CIA World Factbook
• ^ “World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision”. United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Retrieved 28 April 2023.
• ^ “2021 World Population Data Sheet”. PRB.
• ^ “Population trends 1950 – 2100: globally and within Europe”. European Environment Agency.
• ^ World Population Prospects 2022, Summary of Results (PDF). United Nations. pp. 7, 9.
• ^ “World Population Prospects – Population Division – United Nations”. population.un.org.
• ^ “White Europeans: An endangered species?”. Yale Daily News. Archived from the original on 19 May 2008. Retrieved 10 June 2008.
• ^ UN predicts huge migration to rich countries Archived 14 June 2022 at the Wayback Machine. Telegraph. 15 March 2007.
• ^ Christoph Pan, Beate Sibylle Pfeil, Minderheitenrechte in Europa. Handbuch der europäischen Volksgruppen (2002). Living-Diversity.eu Archived 20 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine, English translation 2004.
• ^ Word migration report 2022. NEW YORK: International Organization for Migration (IOM). 2021. p. 87. ISBN 978-92-9268-078-7. OCLC 1292425355. Retrieved 28 April 2023.
• ^ “Europe: Population and Migration in 2005”. Migration Information Source. June 2006. Archived from the original on 9 June 2008. Retrieved 10 June 2008.
• ^ Jump up to:^a b Migration and migrant population statistics – Statistics Explained. Retrieved 28 April 2023.
• ^ Brasil-Colônia, Geraldo Pieroni doutor em História pela Université Paris-Sorbonnetambém escreveu os livros: Os Excluídos do Reino: Inquisição portuguesa e o degredo para o; Brasil, Os degredados na colonização do; ciganos, Vadios e; autor, Heréticos e Bruxas: os degredados no Brasil Textos publicados pelo autor Fale com o. “A pena do degredo nas Ordenações do Reino – Jus.com.br | Jus Navigandi”. jus.com.br (in Brazilian Portuguese). Archived from the original on 21 June 2022. Retrieved 11 February 2022.
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• ^ Axtell, James (September–October 1991). “The Columbian Mosaic in Colonial America”. Humanities. 12 (5): 12–18. Archived from the original on 17 May 2008. Retrieved 8 October 2008.
• ^ Evans, N.J. (2001). “Work in progress: Indirect passage from Europe Transmigration via the UK, 1836–1914”. Journal for Maritime Research. 3: 70–84. doi:10.1080/21533369.2001.9668313.
• ^ Robert Greenall, Russians left behind in Central Asia Archived 15 November 2019 at the Wayback Machine, BBC News, 23 November 2005
• ^ “Reference Populations – Geno 2.0 Next Generation”. Archived from the original on 7 April 2016. Retrieved 21 December 2017.
• ^ Go MC, Jones AR, Algee-Hewitt B, Dudzik B, Hughes C (2019). “Classification Trends among Contemporary Filipino Crania Using Fordisc 3.1”. Human Biology. 2 (4). University of Florida Press: 1–11. doi:10.5744/fa.2019.1005. S2CID 159266278. Archived from the original on 7 January 2021. Retrieved 13 September 2020. [Page 1] ABSTRACT: Filipinos represent a significant contemporary demographic group globally, yet they are underrepresented in the forensic anthropological literature. Given the complex population history of the Philippines, it is important to ensure that traditional methods for assessing the biological profile are appropriate when applied to these peoples. Here we analyze the classification trends of a modern Filipino sample (n = 110) when using the Fordisc 3.1 (FD3) software. We hypothesize that Filipinos represent an admixed population drawn largely from Asian and marginally from European parental gene pools, such that FD3 will classify these individuals morphometrically into reference samples that reflect a range of European admixture, in quantities from small to large. Our results show the greatest classification into Asian reference groups (72.7%), followed by Hispanic (12.7%), Indigenous American (7.3%), African (4.5%), and European (2.7%) groups included in FD3. This general pattern did not change between males and females. Moreover, replacing the raw craniometric values with their shape variables did not significantly alter the trends already observed. These classification trends for Filipino crania provide useful information for casework interpretation in forensic laboratory practice. Our findings can help biological anthropologists to better understand the evolutionary, population historical, and statistical reasons for FD3-generated classifications. The results of our studyindicate that ancestry estimation in forensic anthropology would benefit from population-focused research that gives consideration to histories of colonialism and periods of admixture.
• ^ Language facts – European day of languages Archived 2 October 2015 at the Wayback Machine, Council of Europe. Retrieved 30 July 2015
• ^ “Regional Distribution of Christians: Christianity in Europe”. Pew Research Center’s Religion & Public Life Project. 18 December 2011. Archived from the original on 1 August 2013. Retrieved 22 February 2015.
• ^ “Global Christianity – A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World’s Christian Population” (PDF). Pew Research Center. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 August 2019.
• ^ Byrnes, Timothy A.; Katzenstein, Peter J. (2006). Religion in an Expanding Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 110. ISBN 978-0521676519.
• ^ Hewitson, Mark; D’Auria, Matthew (2012). Europe in Crisis: Intellectuals and the European Idea, 1917–1957. New York; Oxford: Berghahn Books. p. 243. ISBN 9780857457271.
• ^ Nikodemos Anagnostopoulos, Archimandrite (2017). Orthodoxy and Islam. Taylor & Francis. p. 16. ISBN 9781315297927. Christianity has undoubtedly shaped European identity, culture, destiny, and history.
• ^ Pew Research Center (19 December 2011). “Global Christianity – A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World’s Christian Population”. Pew Research Center’s Religion & Public Life Project. Retrieved 28 April 2023.
• ^ Jump up to:^a b Hackett, Conrad (29 November 2017). “5 facts about the Muslim population in Europe”. Pew Research Center. Archived from the original on 17 August 2018. Retrieved 30 July 2022.
• ^ Jump up to:^a b Lipka, Michael (9 February 2015). “The continuing decline of Europe’s Jewish population”. Pew Research Center. Retrieved 28 April 2023.
• ^ The Pittsburgh Press, October 25, 1915, p. 11
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